pH值对ZnWO4粉体的微波水热法合成及光催化性能的影响

以Na2WO4·2H20和Zn（NO3）2·6H2O为原料,采用微波水热法在不同pH值下200℃反应60min制备出ZnW04粉体。分析了pH值对合成样品的物相、形貌和比表面积的影响,并对不同pH值下合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明：pH值为5．0～7．5时适宜合成ZnW04粉体,pH为5．0、6．0和7．5时分别合成了星状、颗粒状及纤维状ZnWO4粉体：制备出的ZnWO4粉体比表面积分别为15．79、28．12m。／g和54．27m^2／g;随着ZnW04粉体比表面积的增加,ZnWO4粉体光催化性能随之提高,其中pH=7．5时合成的纤维状的ZnWO4粉体比表面积最大,在紫外光下,2h的光催化降解罗丹明B降解率达到了98．5％。     

纳米WO_3·NiO·0.33H_2O光催化剂的结构与性能

采用复合表面活性剂作分散剂,用微波辐射法制备了较大比表面积的纳米复合半导体材料WO3·NiO·0.33H2O,利用XRD、TEM、BET和UV-Vis漫反射光谱技术对固体材料的组成结构和光吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明,微波辐射法制备的材料晶粒小,孔隙率大,结晶度高,比表面积大,为66.37m2/g;材料WO3·NiO·0.33H2O光响应波长达600nm,增强了光能利用率及光催化活性。     

Al2O3-SiO2纳米复合粉体材料的超临界制备及其性能

采用sol-gel法和超临界流体干燥技术合成了Al2O3-SiO2纳米复合粉,并研究了该复合粉经不同温度处理后的显微结构形貌、比表面积、孔容分布、物相变化及分形维数等的变化规律.结果表明热处理温度直接影响粉体的显微结构特征,并决定其比表面积、孔容和分形维数;该复合粉体材料的莫来石化温度为1015℃左右.     

贵金属/WO3复合纳米晶的气敏与光催化研究进展

WO3作为新型的气敏材料和光催化剂具有广阔的应用前景,通过贵金属纳米簇修饰后的WO3复合纳米晶比WO3基体材料在性能上大幅提高。本文综述了贵金属修饰对WO3基体气敏和光催化性能的影响,其中气敏性能以不同敏感气体(如NOx、H2S、H2等)为分类依据,而光催化性能以不同贵金属(Au、Ag、Pt等)添加剂为分类依据,系统综述了贵金属/WO3复合纳米晶的气敏和光催化性能研究最新进展,并总结了常见贵金属/WO3的气敏和光催化机理模型,提出了贵金属/WO3在气敏和光催化应用过程中存在的问题及前景展望。     

下转换发光粉体材料NaGd（WO4）2:Eu3+的制备及荧光性能研究

以Gd2O3、Eu2O3、Na2WO4为原料,采用水热法制备了NaGd(WO4)2:Eu3+荧光粉体。通过X射线粉末衍射、扫描电子显微镜及分子荧光对粉体进行了表征,并研究了不同Eu3+掺杂浓度对NaGd(WO4)2:Eu3+粉体的相组成、微观表面形貌和荧光性能的影响。研究结果表明:所制备的粉体为NaGd(WO4)2晶体,微观表面形貌为八面体,具有良好的荧光性能,在Eu3+掺杂浓度为10%时,样品的荧光强度最大。     

制备方法对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2选择性催化还原催化剂性能的影响

采用共沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5质量分数4%和WO3质量分数6%的V2O5-WO3/TiO2选择性催化还原催化剂,对比了3种方法制备的催化剂选择性催化还原NO性能。采用X射线衍射、热重、N2吸附-脱附和程序升温还原等对制备的V2O5-WO3/Ti O2催化剂的结构和性质进行表征,结果表明,共沉淀法制备的V2O5-WO3/TiO2催化剂具有更好的选择性催化还原NO活性和更大的比表面积,影响共沉淀法选择性催化还原NO活性的主要因素是催化剂的热稳定性、表面羟基数量、比表面积、粒径分布以及V、W与Ti之间的内在作用。     

K_2WO_4负载量对γ-Al_2O_3催化合成甲硫醇的影响

利用浸渍法,以γ-Al2O3为载体,K2WO4为活性组分,考察了不同K2WO4负载量对γ-Al2O3晶相组成、孔结构及催化性能的影响。采用XRD和BET等手段对催化剂的晶相组成和孔结构特征进行了分析表征,催化剂于甲醇-硫化氢体系进行催化性能评价。研究结果表明,不同K2WO4负载量对γ-Al2O3晶相组成、孔结构及催化性能具有较大的影响;以γ-Al2O3为载体,活性组分K2WO4负载质量分数6%时,制得K2WO4(6%)/γ-Al2O3催化剂比表面积215.412 m2·g-1、孔容0.6345 cm3·g-1、CH3SH选择性和收率分别为达90.12%和72.65%。     

β-NaYF_4:(Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))/g-C_3N_4可见-近红外光催化材料的性能研究

分别以水热法和煅烧法制备出上转换发光材料β-NaYF_4:(Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))和光催化材料石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),并将两种材料经研磨法复合。采用了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和荧光光谱仪对复合粉体的结构、形貌和发射光谱进行表征;考察复合比例对粉体可见光和近红外光光催化性的影响。结果表明,复合粉体具有较好的可见光催化效果,且随着gC_3N_4含量的增加而提高。β-NaYF_4:(Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))/g-C_3N_4复合粉体在980 nm激光的激发下具有近红外光诱导光催化性能,可以拓宽太阳能光谱的利用。     

高孔率泡沫状MnO_2催化材料的制备及其催化性能

以泡沫海绵为基体材料,采用电镀的方法制备了高孔率泡沫状MnO_2催化材料,测定其孔隙率和比表面积,利用X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜对MnO_x膜层的组成和形貌进行分析,并通过臭氧催化分解试验评价其催化性能。结果表明,泡沫状MnO_2催化材料具有超大的比表面积,约为29.6 m~2·m~(-3),孔隙率达95%以上,6片高孔率泡沫状MnO_2催化片对臭氧的催化率第9天后仍高达97.75%,具有良好的催化性能。     

高比表面积二氧化锆的合成及其催化应用

二氧化锆（ZrO₂）是一种优异的催化材料，同时具有表面酸碱性，易产生氧空位，耐高温、抗腐蚀，机械强度高。然而传统方法合成的二氧化锆比表面积和孔容较小，限制了其应用。本文介绍了近年来高比表面积多孔二氧化锆的合成方法和技术，包括模板法、MOF热解法、静电纺丝等以及提高其热稳定性的措施，同时简述了其在催化领域的应用。研究表明，此类高比表面积的二氧化锆可以提高负载金属分散度，加强金属-载体相互作用，进而提高催化剂活性和稳定性，同时其粒径大小、形貌、孔结构均会影响其催化性能。高效低成本合成热稳定的高比表面积二氧化锆并对对其形貌和结构进行精准调控，将使其未来具有更广的催化应用前景。     

脱硝催化剂专用钛钨粉中钨盐前驱体的选择研究 脱硝催化剂专用钛钨粉中钨盐前驱体的选择研究

以工业偏钛酸为原料,分别选取三氧化钨（WO3）、钨酸铵（ATT）、偏钨酸铵（AMT）、仲钨酸铵（APT）等4种钨盐前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了SCR脱硝催化剂载体材料钛钨粉。采用XRD、SEM（EDS）、BET等检测手段对样品进行表征,并对由钛钨粉制成的催化剂进行活性测试。实验结果表明：由偏钨酸铵（AMT）制备的钛钨粉晶粒度小,晶格畸变较小,性能比较稳定;颗粒聚集程度最低,形貌较为均一,钨的分布最均匀;比表面积最大,而比表面积在一定范围内越大对催化剂的活性越有益;且由其制备的催化剂脱硝活性最高,接近进口产品。因此,比较而言,AMT是制备钛钨粉较为理想的钨盐前驱体。     

前驱体对熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂及其性能的影响

分别以Bi(NO3)3和Na2WO4溶液直接混合所得沉淀、加氨水所得沉淀及Bi(NO3)3×5H2O+Na2WO4×2H2O为前驱体,采用熔盐法合成Bi2WO6光催化剂粉体,研究了不同前驱体所制粉体的物相、形貌,以其为催化剂,在可见光照射下降解罗丹明B溶液. 结果表明,用后二者为前驱体均可得到薄片状纯相Bi2WO6粉体. 加氨水所得沉淀为前驱体所制Bi2WO6粉体的光催化性能最好,在可见光照射下对0.01 mmol/L RhB溶液的降解率在60 min内达99%.     

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic behavior of WO3-fullerene/TiO2 catalysts under visible light

WO3-treated fullerene/TiO2 composites (WO3-fullerene/TiO2) were prepared using a sol-gel method. The composite obtained was characterized by BET surface area measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis analysis. A methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light irradiation was used to determine the photocatalytic activity. Excellent photocatalytic degradation of a MO solution was observed using the WO3-fullerene, fullerene-TiO2, and WO3-fullerene/TiO2 composites under visible light. An increase in photocatalytic activity was observed, and WO3-fullerene/TiO2 has the best photocatalytic activity; it may attribute to the increase of the photo-absorption effect by the fullerene and the cooperative effect of the WO3.     

SiO2/g-C3N4复合粉体制备及其光催化性能

以Stöber法制备出的二氧化硅(SiO₂)微球和三聚氰胺为原料,两者按一定质量比混合后得到前驱体,通过煅烧该前驱体可成功获得SiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合粉体。利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis和BET等表征手段对获得的复合粉体进行物相组成、形貌、可见光吸收性能以及比表面积大小等进行分析和测试。结果表明,改进的Stöber法制备出的球形SiO₂平均粒径约为200 nm,具有良好的分散性。SiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合粉体中SiO₂含量约为75%(质量分数)时,其比表面积最大,约为23.7 m²/g。同时,以罗丹明B和亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,在可见光照射下,探究了不同g-C₃N₄负载量SiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合粉体的光催化性能。结果表明,随着复合粉体中g-C₃N₄含量的降低,复合粉体的可见光催化活性反而逐渐升高,g-C₃N₄含量约为25%(质量分数)时复合粉体光催化降解罗丹明B和亚甲基蓝效果最好。原因可归结为,复合粉体的强吸附增强了可见光催化性能。     

掺杂型Bi2WO6光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能研究

复合氧化物Bi2WO6可作为一种高效的光催化材料,但Bi2WO6的光生电子空穴对复合率高,分离困难,导致对光的吸收能力下降,光催化效率降低。金属Cu和Ag是良好的光催化剂助剂,能有效降低光催化剂的光生电子空穴对复合率,改善催化剂的光吸收性能。采用水热法制备金属Cu和Ag掺杂的可见光催化剂Bi2WO6,并进行X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见光谱和比表面积表征。结果表明,掺杂的金属离子并未进入Bi2WO6晶格内部,只是负载于Bi2WO6表面。掺杂金属后,Bi2WO6的吸收边带变宽,吸光强度变强,比表面积显著增加。以模拟含酚废水为处理对象,考察掺杂型Bi2WO6对苯酚光催化降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,Cu-Bi2WO6光催化剂在光照作用下对苯酚有降解作用,随着光照时间的延长,苯酚的降解程度不断提高,在空气通入量为25 mL·min-1和400 W金卤灯下光照180 min,Cu-Bi2WO6和Ag-Bi2WO6对10 mg·L-1的模拟含酚废水基本降解完成。     

Preparation and Improved Photocatalytic Activity of WO<Subscript>3</Subscript>·0.33H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O Nanonetworks

Abstract  

Multi-structural tungsten oxide (WO₃·0.33H₂O) samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method in the presence of different salts Na₂SO₄ and CaCl₂ respectively. The experimental results showed that pH value of the reaction solution greatly affects crystal morphology of the final products. To explore the photocatalysis originated from nanonetwork hierarchical structure, the photodegradation of methylene blue was carried out under simulated sunlight irradiation. The photocatalytic activity of the WO₃·0.33H₂O nanonetworks was compared with that of the nanoplates, and the former showed a higher photocatalytic activity owing to its novel hierarchical structure. Our investigation demonstrates that nanonetwork hierarchical structure can promote sunlight absorption due to higher specific surface area.     

pH dependent morphology and texture evolution of ZnO nanoparticles fabricated by microwave-assisted chemical synthesis and their photocatalytic dye degradation activities

ZnO nanostructures are well-known photocatalysts for the degradation of toxic organic dyes and their morphology, size, and other physicochemical properties play important roles in their photocatalytic performance. To study the effect of size, morphology, and synthesis conditions in photocatalytic performance, we synthesized ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies through a simple microwave-assisted chemical process at different pH values of the reaction mixture. Different pH values of the reaction mixture produced ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies and sizes. The nature of the pH controlling agent and final pH of the reaction mixture were seen to have considerable effects on the lattice parameters and microstrain of the ZnO nanocrystals, along with their photocatalytic performance. We observed that while the ZnO nanostructures synthesized at very high pH values of the reaction mixture have a high specific surface area, their photocatalytic activity is higher when they are synthesized at acidic pH or pH near the isoelectric point of ZnO. The results demonstrate that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures not only depends on their size or specific surface area but also strongly depends on the concentration of catalytic sites at their surface.     

Nanoscale morphology dependent pseudocapacitance of NiO: Influence of intercalating anions during synthesis

Three nano-porous NiO samples with high specific surface area were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method under homogeneous precipitation conditions using CTAB as a template and urea as the hydrolysis controlling agent. This study was done to determine the effect of different anions (acetate, nitrate and chloride) present in the precursor salts on the morphology and pseudocapacitance behavior of NiO. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) isotherm and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The final NiO samples showed different hierarchical surface morphologies and their effect on the electrochemical pseudocapacitance behavior was carefully studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles (chronopotentiometry) and impedance spectroscopic techniques. The specific capacitance of NiO sample synthesized by NO3- ion intercalation showed higher surface area, intermediate porosity and a novel pine-cone morphology with nano-wire surface attachments. This sample exhibits the highest pseudocapacitance of 279 F g(-1) at a scan rate of 5 mV s(-1), calculated from the cyclic voltammetry measurements. The sample synthesized by Cl- intercalation shows a nano-flower morphology with lower surface area, porosity and pseudocapacitance behaviour. The NiO sample prepared in the presence of CH3COO- ions showed a honeycomb type surface morphology with an intermediate pseudocapacitance value but higher reversibility. The galvanostatic charge-discharge and impedance spectroscopic measurements on these NiO electrodes were consistent with CV results. The Coulombic efficiency of all the three NiO samples was found to be high (～85 to ～99%) after 100 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles. This study shows that the surface morphology and porosity of NiO are strongly influenced by the anions in the precursor salts, and in turn affect significantly the pseudocapacitance behavior and the power performance of NiO powders.