消防服用多层织物的热防护性能

研究了消防服用多层织物的热防护性能,对单层织物的热防护性能及十种多层组合织物的热防护性能分别进行了研究分析,得出以下结论:就单层纤维成分相同的阻燃面料而言,热防护系数(TPP)值与织物的厚度、面密度具有显著的正相关性;多层组合织物中,外层及防水透湿层为覆聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜的阻燃帆布、隔热层为芳纶1313针刺毡、舒适层为芳纶-阻燃黏胶的8#样品的防护性能最好,就阻燃防护性能方面而言,是最适合用于消防员灭火消防服的面料。     

消防服用棉型阻燃织物的风格测试与分析

选择了棉锦阻燃面料、阻燃防撕裂棉面料和阻燃帆布层压聚四氟乙烯膜,得到了3种覆膜面料作为消防服外层及防水透气层,全棉阻燃防静电面料、全棉阻燃面料、全棉防静电面料3种无覆膜面料作为消防服舒适层,应用KES-FB织物风格仪进行低应力下的力学性能测试,评价其织物风格。结果表明:作为消防服中的外层,覆膜阻燃帆布的织物风格为3种覆膜面料中的最佳面料;在无覆膜面料中,全棉防静电面料服用性能最佳。建议选取阻燃性能较好的材料作为外层及隔热层,如聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维所制成的织物作为外层,芳纶1313作隔热层,选用全棉防静电面料作为内层以提高穿着舒适度。     

三层消防服如何兼顾防护性能和舒适性能?

<正>北京邦维普泰防护纺织有限公司近几年推出的3层消防服面料组合得到了市场的高度认可。传统的4层消防服面料包括阻燃外层、防水透气层、隔热层和舒适层,其中隔热层主要为芳纶针刺或水刺非织造布,它因结构蓬松能够起到很好的隔热效果,但易吸水、湿重大,使消防员负重增大,甚至产生热应激反应,     

甲纶消防员灭火防护服热防护性能研究

采用符合XF 10—2014《消防员灭火防护服》标准的甲纶四层面料与芳纶四层面料,测试其组合的热防护系数(TPP值);用同样的面料制作灭火防护服,并通过假人燃烧实验对比甲纶灭火防护服与芳纶灭火防护服的整体热防护性能.结果表明:甲纶防护服热防护系数不及芳纶灭火防护服,但整体热防护性能远超现行芳纶灭火防护服,甲纶灭火防护服...     

三种间位芳纶纸蜂窝力学性能及断口形貌分析

通过压缩性能、剪切性能和平面拉伸性能试验,对两种规格、三种牌号国产间位芳纶纸蜂窝与美国杜邦Nomex蜂窝的主要力学性能进行了对比分析;通过芳纶纸抗张强度试验,分析了芳纶纸性能对纸蜂窝主要力学性能的影响;通过微观下观察平面拉伸试样断口形貌,分析了纸蜂窝拉断时纤维和基体的破坏模式与其拉伸性能的关系。芳纶纸蜂窝主要力学性能试验表明,同种规格国产间位芳纶纸蜂窝的主要力学性能已基本达到Nomex蜂窝水平并且可满足目前国产大型客机选材要求。     

充气式再入减速系统柔性热防护材料的设计及性能研究

针对充气式再入减速系统再入返回地球过程的热防护需求,在陶瓷纤维布和高强芳纶织物的基础上,使用氧化铝纤维毯、氧化铝复合二氧化硅纤维毯、二氧化硅纤维毯和气凝胶复合玻璃纤维,设计并制备了多层柔性热防护材料.通过热导率测试、静态热冲击试验、动态高焓风洞试验对材料的性能进行了验证.结果表明,所研制的多层柔性热防护材料在动态高焓风...     

芳砜纶火灾防护用品的阻燃性及热防护性

对芳砜纶和芳纶织物进行了阻燃性、热防护性、燃烧假人测试,并测试了芳砜纶荧光产品的阻燃性能,结果表明:在综合热防护性能上芳砜纶应用于火灾防护用品有一定的优势,荧光色的成功应用是本质阻燃材料独有的特色。     

中温固化环氧树脂芳纶Ⅲ纤维复合材料性能研究

对芳纶Ⅲ纤维和及其织物(F-3S175)的性能进行测试,采用热熔法制备了3233中温固化环氧树脂F-3S175芳纶布预浸料,通过热压罐法成型复合材料层合板和蜂窝夹层板,进行性能测试,与Kevlar 49纤维进行对比。结果表明,芳纶Ⅲ纤维、织物和其3233树脂复合材料性能高于Kevlar 49芳纶纤维、织物及其复合材料性能。     

混杂纤维复合材料性能研究

对碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物和芳纶织物的性能进行测试,采用热熔法分别制备了一种增韧中温固化环氧碳纤维织物预浸料、玻璃纤维织物预浸料和芳纶织物预浸料。预浸料以单种预浸料铺层和不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层方式铺贴组合,通过模压法成型复合材料层合板,进行性能测试并对比。结果表明,增韧中温固化环氧树脂的不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层成型的层压板力学性能可以根据铺层设计优化,并不损失不同纤维铺层之间的界面性能。     

间位芳纶基导电纤维多功能织物的开发与研究

采用自纺的含间位芳纶基导电纤维的纱线,通过正交试验,从织物密度、组织和嵌织间距等方面出发,设计出不同规格的织物,并对织物进行阻燃、抗静电等功能性测试。在此基础上,对正交结果进行分析,确定出最佳的织物密度、组织和嵌织间距来保证织物具有最优的功能性,从而为织物的功能性整理做准备。     

GMA改性磷酸腺苷的制备及其对棉织物的阻燃整理

为了提高磷酸腺苷单体在棉织物上的接枝改性程度及其阻燃效果，采用甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）对一磷酸腺苷（AMP）、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）进行改性，制得三种带有不饱和双键的阻燃单体AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA、ATP-m-GMA；然后通过紫外光接枝法将三种阻燃单体分别接枝到棉织物上，制备光接枝AMP-m-GMA、ADP-m-GMA和ATP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物；对三种阻燃单体进行了结构表征和热稳定性分析，并探究了三种阻燃单体光接枝阻燃棉织物的热稳定性、阻燃性能、燃烧行为和残炭结构。结果表明，三种磷酸腺苷通过GMA环氧基开环引入不饱和双键，且具有良好的热稳定性。相比于原棉织物，三种阻燃棉织物的最大热降解速率分别降低了60.0%、52.0%、60.0%，极限氧指数由16.1%分别提升到25.4%、27.4%、26.4%，织物热释放速率分别下降了15.09%、60.47%、37.82%，说明三种磷酸腺苷阻燃单体均有助于棉织物形成致密炭层，阻止热量扩散，获得良好的阻燃效果。其中，光接枝ADP-m-GMA阻燃棉织物的增重率可达22.4%，燃烧后损毁长度由30 cm缩短至14.2 cm，表现出更优异的阻燃性能。     

Flame‐retardant fabric systems based on electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers

To examine the feasibility of developing flame‐retardant‐textile coated fabric systems with electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposites, fiber webs coated on cotton substrates were developed to impart‐fire retardant properties. The morphology of the polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The flame‐retardant properties of coated fabric systems with different nanoparticle contents were assessed. The flame retardancy of the boric acid coated fabric systems was evaluated quantitatively with a flammability test apparatus fabricated on the basis of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 Code of Federal Regulations part 1610 standard and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The 0.05 wt % boric acid nanocomposite fiber web coated on pure cotton fabric exhibited an increment in flame‐spreading time of greater than 80%, and this indicated excellent fire protection. Also, the coated fabric systems with 0.05% boric acid nanocomposite fiber webs exhibited a distinct shift in the peak value in the thermal degradation profile and a 75% increase in char formation in the thermooxidative degradation profile, as indicated by the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The results show the feasibility of successfully imparting flame‐retardant properties to cotton fabrics through the electrospinning of the polymer material with boric acid nanoparticles. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

阻燃型磷酸酯聚硅氧烷的合成与应用

该文以N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷(ASO-1)、环氧氯丙烷、磷酸三丁酯为原料合成了阻燃型磷酸酯聚硅氧烷(PPSO),经红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振氢谱(1HNMR)证实了产物及中间体的化学结构,将PPSO进行乳化得到了透明乳液(PPSE),用马尔文纳米粒度仪及Zeta电位仪测出乳液平均粒径为62.5 nm,Zeta电位+53.71 mV.将所得硅乳应用于棉织物,探讨了阻燃剂用量对整理后织物性能的影响.结果表明,整理后的织物具有了阻燃性,最佳阻燃剂用量为200 g?L-1.为了进一步解释纤维阻燃的机理,通过热重分析研究了织物的热裂解过程,结果表明,阻燃剂对纤维起到了脱水、炭化作用,提高了剩炭率.     

A facile one‐step synthesis of flame‐retardant coatings on cotton fabric via ultrasound irradiation

This article reports a facile one‐step methodology to increase fire resistance properties of cotton fabric. The flame‐retardant coating for cotton fabric was synthesized with methyltriethoxysilane and organophosphates (M102B) through an ultrasound irradiation process. The coating structure and surface morphology of uncoated and coated fabrics were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The flame‐retardant properties, bending modulus, air permeability and thermal stability were studied by vertical burning test, cantilever method, air permeability test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As a result, the cotton fabric coated with 29.2% (mass increased) of flame‐retardant coating was able to balance the flame retardant property and wearing comfort of the fabrics. The TGA results showed that the residue char of cotton was greatly enhanced after treatment with the coating, which has a high char forming effect on cellulose during testing. Furthermore, flame‐retardant property of coated fabrics did not change significantly after 10 washing cycles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45114.     

Flame retardant finishing of the polyester/cotton blend fabric using a cross‐linkable hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer

Blend fabrics of cotton and polyester are widely used in apparel, but high flammability becomes a major obstacle for applications of those fabrics in fire protective clothing. The objective of this research was to investigate the flame retardant finishing of a 50/50 polyester/cotton blend fabric. It was discovered previously that N,N′‐dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) was able to bond a hydroxy‐functional organophosphorus oligomer (HFPO) onto 50/50 nylon/cotton blend fabrics. In this research, the HFPO/DMDHEU system was applied to a 50/50 polyester/cotton twill fabric. The polyester/cotton fabric treated with 36% HFPO and 10% DMDHEU achieved char length of 165 mm after 20 laundering cycles. The laundering durability of the treated fabric was attributed to the formation of polymeric cross‐linked networks. The HFPO/DMDHEU system significantly reduced peak heat release rate (PHRR) of cotton on the treated polyester/cotton blend fabric, but its effects on polyester were marginal. HFPO/DMDHEU reduced PHRR of both nylon and cotton on the treated nylon/cotton fabric. It was also discovered that the nitrogen of DMDHEU was synergistic to enhance the flame retardant performance of HFPO on the polyester/cotton fabric.     

Thermal properties and combustion behavior of POSS‐ and bohemite‐finished cotton fabrics

A finishing process with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and bohemite nanoparticles has been exploited for enhancing the thermal stability and flame retardancy of cotton fabrics. The thermal behavior of flame retardant treated cellulosic fabric has been studied by thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs). It has been found that such nanoparticles favor the carbonization of the cellulose and slow down the kinetics of thermo‐oxidation in air. At the same time, the finished fabrics have turned out to be more efficient with respect to neat cotton as far as the flame retardancy is concerned, pointing out an increase of the time to ignition (TTI) and a decrease of the heat release rate (HRR). Furthermore, a comparison between the fire performances of the nanoparticles under study and a commercial phosphorus‐based flame retardant has been investigated. The morphology and elemental composition present in the treated fabrics have been also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and the results have been compared with the untreated fabric. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

阻燃涤纶汽车座套面料的研究和开发

采用阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶作为原料,研究了阻燃涤纶和普通涤纶交织混合时,混用的比例对织物阻燃性能的影响;并根据汽车座套面料的要求设计了不同层数的织物,研究其对使用性能和舒适性能的影响。从织物的阻燃性和使用性能综合分析,得出普通涤纶与阻燃涤纶比例为1∶2的双层织物为最佳方案。     

阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的性能研究

研究了阻燃母粒法和整理法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的力学性能、热性能和阻燃性能。结果表明:阻燃母粒法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的断裂强力与PP纺粘无纺布的接近,但断裂伸长率要低,后整理法制得的纺粘无纺布的力学性能与PP纺粘无纺布的接近;两种方法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的热性能均优于PP纺粘无纺布,在1000℃左右时,有24.0%～33.2%的炭残渣,成炭性较好;两种方法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的阻燃性能良好,其中用阻燃剂B整理后的PP纺粘无纺布其阻燃效果优于阻燃剂A整理的PP纺粘无纺布。     

Aqua-mediated in situ synthesis of highly potent phosphorous functionalized flame retardant for cotton fabric

Flame retardancy in various materials is becoming an increasingly important performance feature. In the textile industries, fire-related problems have become an important concern over the decade. Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene-supported material were functionalized with trimethyl phosphate (TMP) for the synthesis of flame retardant (FR) composite material [graphene polymer functionalized trimethyl phosphate (GPTMP)] in the aqueous medium, which improves the stability of cotton fabric against flame. Graphene and PVA fabricated with phosphorus functional groups make the fabric more comfortable against fire and help to avoid further spreading of fire. The composite-coated fabric sustains for a long time on continuous flame with maintaining its initial shape and size. The GPTMP-coated fabric shows flame retardancy for up to 540 s on constant flame exposure, whereas control samples such as PVA-, graphene oxide-, and TMP-coated fabrics resist for up to 15, 20, and 14 s, respectively. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flammability test (VFT) for synthesized composites were performed to confirm and support the flame retardancy property of GPTMP. The GPTMP shows the 35% LOI value and forms the char length of 2.6 cm during VFT. This work provides a simple and eco-friendly method to obtain novel GPTMP, which has a high potential as a FR for different fabrics, including cotton.