工业结晶技术前沿

综述了近２０年来国内外工业结晶发展概况，特别介绍了有关熔融结晶、溶液结晶及反应沉淀结晶的技术发展，并针对我国工业结晶领域现状提出了几点建议与对策     

溶剂诱导双酚A型聚碳酸酯快速结晶的研究

聚碳酸酯(PC)热结晶十分困难,但在某些溶剂诱导作用下,其结晶能力能得到显著提高。且诱导剂的种类、溶度参数和极性等物化性质的不同,其诱导 PC 结晶的能力与形态也不同。从溶剂分子在聚合物内的扩散动力学、诱导结晶行为与特性、诱导结晶形态、诱导结晶机理及应用前景等方面对溶剂诱导 PC 结晶的研究工作和理论进展进行了综述。     

聚合物流动诱导结晶数值模拟研究进展及模型

介绍了有关聚合物流动诱导结晶的研究工作,以及剪切诱导条件下结晶动力学、结晶形态学和结晶对材料流变参数的影响这三方面的主要研究模型,并进行了比较和讨论。     

硫氮玻璃的析晶性能与结构分析

通过对二元（Ｇｅ－Ｓ）和三元（Ａｓ－Ｇｅ－Ｓｅ）系统硫系基玻璃和引入Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的硫氮玻璃试样析晶性能的比较，对硫氮玻璃的析晶行为与其结构之间的关系进行了较深入的探讨。试验结果表明，随着Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的引入，硫系玻璃的析晶温度得以提高或伴随析晶放热峰的消失。这表明氮原子的引入加强了硫系基玻璃微观结构的连缀度，使硫氮玻璃的析昌能力有所下降。此外还在经过析晶热处理的硫氮玻璃试样的ＸＲＤ中发现两个新衍射峰，且     

结晶精制技术进展

考虑到节能、环保等问题，结晶技术在有机混合物的分离和精制中得到广泛应用。特别是熔融结晶，已引起人们的重视。文中介绍了结晶研究和技术发展概况，以及几种新型的结晶精制装置。     

维生素C冷却结晶研究进展

本文论述了维生素C的晶体结构，结晶热力学与动力学测定及冷却结晶工艺开发的研究结果，并评述了维生素C冷却结晶过程模拟与控制的研究进展。     

mLLDPE非等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯(mLLDPE)和传统线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的非等温结晶行为。采用Jeziorny法和莫志深法对所得的数据进行了分析。结果表明,采用莫志深法处理数据可得到较好的线性关系,且mLLDPE在相同的相对结晶度下的结晶速率低于LLDPE。     

熔融结晶及其耦合技术研究的进展

介绍逐步冻凝熔融结晶过程和悬浮熔融结晶过程以及各自特点，综述了近年来新型熔融结晶技术与设备的应用研究进展；着重介绍了耦合技术在熔融结晶过程中的应用研究动态；最后展望了熔融结晶技术与设备的发展趋势与方向。     

Reactive crystallization of calcium carbonate by gas-liquid and liquid-liquid reactions

Crystallization of calcium carbonate by gas-liquid and liquid-liquid reactions in a continuous MSMPR crystallizer was conducted over a wide range of suspension densities. The effects of operating factors and reaction mechanism on the cyrstallization kinetics were investigated. The crystallization kinetics for both reaction systems are correlated by the power law model and these correlations depend on the suspension density regions. The kinetic orders in the power law model are correlated with carbonate alkalinity irrespective of the reaction mechanism and the suspension density.     

Comparison of crystallization kinetics in various nanoconfined geometries

Phase morphological effect on crystallization kinetics in various nanoconfined spaces in a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer with a PEO volume fraction of 37 vol% was investigated. The phase morphology was characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy techniques. When the sample was cast from chloroform solution and annealed at 150 °C, a double gyroid (DG) phase was obtained. After it was subjected to a large-amplitude reciprocating shear, the sample transformed to an oriented hexagonal cylinder (Hex) phase. To obtain a lamellar confined geometry, lamellar single crystals were grown from dilute solutions. The crystallization in the lamellar (Lam) phase was one-dimensionally (1D) confined, while it was two-dimensionally (2D) confined in the DG and Hex phases, although they had different structures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to study the crystallization kinetics using the Avrami analysis for these three nanoconfined geometries. Heterogeneous nucleation was found in all three samples in the crystallization temperature (T_c) regions studied. DSC results indicated that the crystallization kinetics in the Lam phase was the fastest, and the PEO crystals possessed higher thermodynamic stability than in the DG and Hex phases. For the crystallization kinetics in two 2D-confined phases, at low T_c (<35 °C) the PEO crystallization rates in the DG and Hex phases were similar, while at high T_c (>35 °C) the PEO crystallization was slower in the DG phase than in the Hex phase. The Avrami exponent n-values for the DG and the Hex samples were similar (∼1.8), yet the values of lnK in the DG phase were smaller than those in the Hex phase. This suggested that the linear growth rate was slower in the DG phase than in the Hex phase due to continuous curved channels in the DG phase.     

Primary and secondary crystallization kinetic analysis of nylon 1212

The isothermal and non‐isothermal melt‐crystallization kinetics of nylon 1212 were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Primary and secondary crystallization behaviors were analysed based on different approaches. The results obtained suggested that primary crystallization under isothermal conditions involves three‐dimensional spherulite growth initiated by athermal nucleation, while under non‐isothermal conditions, the mechanism of primary crystallization is more complex. Secondary crystallization displays a lower‐dimensional crystal growth, both in the isothermal and non‐isothermal processes. The crystallite morphology of nylon 1212, isothermally crystallized at various temperatures, was observed by polarized optical microscopy. The activation energies of crystallization under isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions were also calculated based on different approaches. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

C10重芳烃综合利用工艺技术

介绍洛阳石化总厂采用天津大学石油化工技术开发中心开发重芳烃回收技术对其进行回收和综合利用，并对该技术的应用前景作出分析。     

水溶性聚酯的结晶性能研究

研究了水溶性聚酯(W SPET)切片的结晶性能,并与常规聚酯(PET)切片相对比。结果表明W SPET切片与PET切片具有相同的非等温结晶行为,在非等温条件下的结晶机理以异相成核为主,在有限的三维体积中生成球晶,但W SPET切片的结晶速率明显慢于PET切片,结晶能力明显弱于PET切片。     

丙烯酰胺的结晶动力学

采用MSMPR连续结晶器研究了丙烯酰胺的成核 -生长动力学。实验结果表明 ,丙烯酰胺的晶体生长基本符合生长速率与粒度无关的ΔL定律。在小于 1 0 0 μm的晶体粒度范围内 ,存在大量的细小晶粒 ,分析了产生这种现象的 4种可能原因。得到结晶温度分别为 1 0、1 5、2 0℃时 ,丙烯酰胺的成核 -生长动力学模型分别为 :n0 =1 2 6× 1 0 - 5G3 6 6 、n0 =3 92× 1 0 - 5G2 92 、n0 =7 65× 1 0 - 5G3 31 。在 1 0～ 2 0℃内 ,丙烯酰胺的成核 -生长动力学级数为 4 30。动力学级数对温度敏感性较小 ,不能通过调节晶浆密度来控制晶体产品的主粒度。进行了丙烯酰胺结晶的应用研究 ,完成了连续三步式结晶新工艺的概念设计。     

磷酸二氢钾空气冷却结晶工艺

为克服夹套冷却结晶与真空冷却结晶的缺点,研究开发了空气冷却结晶工艺并应用于磷酸二氢钾生产。介绍磷酸二氢钾生产中采用空气冷却结晶原理、过程及经济技术指标。实践表明,该工艺不需耗水,不需耗蒸汽,换热快,效率高,节能显著。     

聚丙烯结晶性能研究

通过差示扫描量热(DSC),X射线衍射(XRD),偏光显微镜(POM)等手段,研究了聚丙烯(PP)1102K,T30S及F401对比牌号试样的结晶性能。结果表明,3个牌号的PP中,1102K结晶温度和熔融温度最高,结晶速率较快,结晶效果较好,结构规整性较高。     

结晶动力学研究进展

综述了溶液结晶动力学及聚合物结晶动力学的现状及进展,并对其研究中存在的缺陷与不足进行了评述.     

生物基尼龙56的等温结晶性能研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和带有热台的偏光显微镜对生物基尼龙56的等温结晶性能进行了研究。用Avrami方程对等温结晶过程及其动力学进行了分析,得出Avrami指数(n值)在2.30~3.37之间,推测其晶体生长方式为三维球状生长;采用Arrhenius方程计算了生物基尼龙56的等温结晶活化能(ΔE)为-99.04 kJ/mol。偏光显微镜研究证实了上述推测,同时发现球晶半径与结晶时间呈线性关系,求得了球晶的生长速率。     

五水柠檬酸钠连续结晶动力学研究

研究了五水柠檬酸钠的连续结晶过程。利用马尔文激光粒度分析仪对不同温度和停留时间下连续结晶过程产品的粒度分布进行分析。通过实验数据和粒度无关生长模型,分别计算了连续结晶过程中五水柠檬酸钠晶体生长与成核速率方程。研究表明,在33.3℃的连续结晶过程中,五水柠檬酸钠的成核速率较生长速率对溶液的过饱和度变化更敏感,增加溶液过饱和度更易形成较小粒度的晶体。