Development of Soft Sensor for Diesel Fuel Quality Estimation

A soft sensor was developed for quality estimation of diesel fuel as the crude distillation unit product. Due to the stringent fuel quality standards and the growing need to produce various gradations of quality with different feeds, laboratory testing and quality control of the products have become a necessity. On the basis of available continuous temperature measurements and flows of appropriate process streams, software sensors for estimating the cold filter plugging point of diesel fuel were developed. Nonlinear software sensor models were built with the best results achieved by using multilayer neural networks. Statistical data analysis was carried out and the data were critically evaluated. The results showed that soft sensors can be applied for refinery product quality estimation of diesel fuel as an alternative to laboratory testing. So, it becomes possible to continuously estimate fuel quality and to apply methods of inferential control for plant operation optimization.     

基于FUZZY ARTMAP的加氢裂化分馏塔MIMO软测量

研究了一类多输入多输出 (MIMO)系统的软测量问题 ,将FuzzyARTMAP网络应用于加氢裂化分馏塔产品质量估计软测量 ,经实际过程数据验证指出此算法具有较强的分类及非线性多维映射能力 ,结合提出的多变量模糊PID在线校正算法 ,使所建软测量模型在线应用时具有一定的随工况变化不断校正的能力 .     

Optimization of a crude distillation unit using a combination of wavelet neural network and line-up competition algorithm

The modeling and optimization of an industrial-scale crude distil ation unit (CDU) are addressed. The main spec-ifications and base conditions of CDU are taken from a crude oil refinery in Wuhan, China. For modeling of a com-plicated CDU, an improved wavelet neural network (WNN) is presented to model the complicated CDU, in which novel parametric updating laws are developed to precisely capture the characteristics of CDU. To address CDU in an economically optimal manner, an economic optimization algorithm under prescribed constraints is presented. By using a combination of WNN-based optimization model and line-up competition algorithm (LCA), the supe-rior performance of the proposed approach is verified. Compared with the base operating condition, it is validat-ed that the increments of products including kerosene and diesel are up to 20％at least by increasing less than 5％duties of intermediate coolers such as second pump-around (PA2) and third pump-around (PA3).     

RBF多模型神经网络软测量技术在湿法磷酸生产中的应用

利用多模型的思想进行二水法磷酸装置反应槽SO3浓度软测量建模.首先通过机理分析选出对目标变量SO3浓度影响较大的变量作为辅助变量,并利用神经网络分类思想按目标变量值的不同区间对现场数据进行分类,然后采用多个径向基神经网络建立相应的经验模型.工业装置数据的拟合和预测结果表明:基于神经网络的多模型软测量可以取得更好的效果.     

基于工业色谱仪的精馏脱炔烃塔软测量建模

提出一种基于工业色谱仪的软测量建模方法,并针对碳五馏分分离过程中的精馏脱炔烃塔塔底成分估计问题,建立了合适的工业软测量模型。介绍了工业色谱仪在线质量检测原理和LM-BP神经网络模型的建立,并利用工业色谱仪在线检测的质量数据进行系统的在线和周期性模型更新,提高了软测量模型的在线估计精度。研究结果表明,基于工业色谱仪的LM-BP神经网络模型是一种有效的软测量建模方法。     

基于神经网络的常压塔柴油凝点软测量的研究与应用

研究某炼油厂常压塔三线柴油凝点的软测量建模问题,分析过程变量对柴油凝点的影响。基于在线分析仪6min采样数据,利用前向网络和时延前向网络(TDNN)分别建立了三线柴油凝点的静态软测量模型和动态软测量模型,并结合在线分析仪对模型实现了在线修正。通过两种模型的仿真和在线实施效果,表明基于神经网络的软测量模型取得了较好的应用效果,而且动态模型的实施效果优于静态模型。     

重力热管振荡传热特性RBF神经网络动态建模

The work address the problem of modeling the dynamical oscillating behavior during both unstable and stable operations, of an experimental thermosyphon. A standard RBF artificial neural network-based prediction model was developed for predicting the oscillating heat transfer of thermosyphon by means of input-output experimental measurements with the characteristics of time series. A comparison of prediction values between the RBF network and the MLP network was giving. The precision of RBF network was higher than that of the other neural networks such as BP-MLP network etc. The dynamical model of RBF network could be used to describe, predict and control the heat transfer process of a thermosyphon or a heat pipe system.     

基于PLS快速剪枝法的RBF神经网络软测量模型建模方法和应用

提出一种从RBF神经网络隐含层的输出信息出发，通过PLS快速剪枝法，一次性剪去多余节点，生成最优规模的数学解析模型的方法。并用该方法建立了某化工企业精对苯二甲酸(PTA)晶体平均粒径的软测量模型，针对实际对象进行仿真研究，结果表明，该方法计算速度快，建立的模型精度高，适合实际工程应用的需求。     

Melt index prediction by RBF neural network optimized with an adaptive new ant colony optimization algorithm

Melt index (MI) is a crucial indicator in determining the product specifications and grades of polypropylene (PP). The prediction of MI, which is important in quality control of the PP polymerization process, is studied in this work. Based on RBF (radial basis function) neural network, a soft‐sensor model (RBF model) of the PP process is developed to infer the MI of PP from a bunch of process variables. Considering that the PP process is too complicated for the RBF neural network with a general set of parameters, a new ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm, N‐ACO, and its adaptive version, A‐N‐ACO, which aim at continuous optimizing problems are proposed to optimize the structure parameters of the RBF neural network, respectively, and the structure‐best models, N‐ACO‐RBF model and A‐N‐ACO‐RBF model for the MI prediction of propylene polymerization process, are presented then. Based on the data from a real PP production plant, a detailed comparison research among the models is carried out. The research results confirm the prediction accuracy of the models and also prove the effectiveness of proposed N‐ACO and A‐N‐ACO optimization approaches in solving continuous optimizing problem. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Application of artificial neural network for prediction of 10 crude oil properties

This study aims to develop an industrially reliable and accurate method to estimate crude oil properties from their Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. We used the complete FTIR spectral data of selected crude oil samples from seven different Canadian oil fields to predict 10 important crude oil properties using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The predicted properties include specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, total acid number, micro carbon content, and production of light and heavy naphtha, Kero, and distillate in oil refineries. The 107 different (65 light oil and 42 heavy/medium oil samples) crude oil samples used in this study came from seven oil fields and reservoirs across Canada. In line with standard practice, we used 80% of the dataset for training the ANN models and used the remaining 20% of the crude oil samples to test the models. In the ANN analysis, the mean squared error (MSE) was used as the loss function in models, and the mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) was used as a reference to compare the performance of different neural networks constructed with different numbers of layers. This work demonstrates that FTIR spectroscopy is a promising technique that provides rapid and accurate estimates for the oil properties of interest to the industry. A comparison of the values predicted by the validated ANN models and their corresponding measured (actual) values showed excellent prediction with the acceptable range of error (below 15%) aimed for by our industry partner for all properties except viscosity, for which building models based on the natural logarithmic values of measured viscosities significantly improved the results.     

基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法

污水处理是一个复杂的非线性过程,化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,COD）是评价污水处理效果的关键指标之一。COD的传统测量方法耗时长、成本高,基于传统神经网络的软测量方法提高了COD参数的测量速度但精度较差。针对这些问题,设计一种结合自组织特征映射 (self-organizing map, SOM)和径向基函数(radial basis function, RBF)神经网络的COD参数软测量方法。该方法利用SOM网络聚类数据样本,根据所得聚类结果确定RBF网络的隐层节点数及节点的数据中心,综合提高RBF网络的收敛速度和拟合精度。利用污水处理厂部分水样数据建立COD软测量模型,模型仿真和硬件在线测试结果表明,相对于传统的BP、RBF等网络,基于SOM-RBF神经网络的COD软测量方法测量时间短、预测精度较高,具有较为广阔的应用前景。     

常压塔产品质量在线估计的非线性主元分析方法

提出一种新的软测量方法,通过建立过程变量非线性主元得分与产品质量参数之间的三层前向神经网络模型,得到产品质量参数的预测值。实际应用表明,该方法比常规的线性主元分析方法和神经网络方法具有更好的预测性能。     

混合RBF网络及其在连续重整装置中的应用

提出一种结合线性回归和RBF神经网络的混合软测量建模方法，既能很好地利用神经网络的非线性特性，又能在一定程度上消除神经网络泛化能力不强的影响。通过对比实验及在某炼油厂连续重整装置中的应用，表明这种混合RBF神经网络比之常规RBF神经网络，其性能指标更好，并且没有带来计算量的大幅度增加，具有更高的实际应用价值。     

人工神经网络软测量仪表延迟时间处理及动态特性研究

采用BP和RBF网络,开发了人工神经网络软测量仪表软件,实现了不可测变量的在线观测。讨论并解决了延迟时间的确定与处理、动态特性的拟合等主要难点问题。利用三层BP网络辨识出非线性对象的延迟时间;采用将输出量引入到多层静态神经网络的入口和对输入数据进行衰减加权的方法,完成对系统动态特性的表征,使所开发的神经网络软测量仪表更真实地反映了系统的静态和动态性能,准确性高且有更好的适应性。     

针对原油性质变化的常减压先进控制研究与应用

针对原油性质变化对常减压装置操作造成的巨大困难,提出了一种稳定原油性质和引入原油性质参数到软测量和控制模型的先进控制综合解决方案。一方面,对待混炼的多种原油进行调度和掺炼比优化,使实际进入常减压装置进行炼制的调合原油性质相对稳定,装置操作参数变化较小,减少工作点大幅变化过程中所产生的波动。另一方面,针对仍然存在的原油性质小幅度变化,在软测量和预测控制建模中引入反映原油性质的馏程参数,克服原油性质变化所引起的扰动。现场实际装置的应用结果说明了此综合方案的有效性。     

基于模糊规则的多模型固相质量流量软测量

针对静电传感器无法给出颗粒质量流量绝对值以及多相流流动形态和结构变化影响传感器输出等问题，提出了一种基于分解合成的多模型加权平均的固相质量流量非线性软测量模型。在高压密相气力输送系统上，通过静电传感器获得大量试验数据，提取信号特征，利用模糊聚类算法将输入数据进行空间分区, 每一区间上用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络辨识出一个子模型, 再利用模糊推理将各子模型输出加权求和得到颗粒质量流量的估计值。该模型减小了流型对测量结果的影响，提高了测量精度。     

Application of convolutional neural networks to large-scale naphtha pyrolysis kinetic modeling

System design and optimization problems require large-scale chemical kinetic models. Pure kinetic models of naphtha pyrolysis need to solve a complete set of stiff ODEs and is therefore too computational expensive. On the other hand, artificial neural networks that completely neglect the topology of the reaction networks often have poor generalization. In this paper, a framework is proposed for learning local representations from large-scale chemical reaction networks. At first, the features of naphtha pyrolysis reactions are extracted by applying complex network characterization methods. The selected features are then used as inputs in convolutional architectures. Different CNN models are established and compared to optimize the neural network structure. After the pre-training and fine-tuning step, the ultimate CNN model reduces the computational cost of the previous kinetic model by over 300 times and predicts the yields of main products with the average error of less than 3%. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed framework.     

基于粒子群算法的软仪表技术

在软测量建模中,最常见的非机理建模方式就是利用神经网络进行建模,而近年来兴起的粒子群算法目前已应用于神经网络的训练。在对粒子群算法提出改进方案后,提出了基于改进的粒子群算法的前馈神经网络训练方案。然后再将神经网络应用到焦化装置分流塔柴油95％点软仪表模型参数估计中,得到了满意的结果,可以满足工业过程中的实际需要。     

Intelligent Prediction of CO2 Capture in Propyl Amine Methyl Imidazole Alanine Ionic Liquid: An Artificial Neural Network Model

The objective of this paper is to create a new artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict solubility of CO₂ in a new structure of task specific ionic liquids called propyl amine methyl imidazole alanine [pamim][Ala]. Equilibrium data of CO₂ solubility were measured at the temperatures of 25, 40, and 60°C and the pressures up to 50 bar. For the purpose of performance comparison, the two most common types of ANNs, multilayer perceptron (MLP) network and radial basis function (RBF) network were used. Water content, ionic liquid content, temperature, and pressure set as input variables to ANN, while CO₂ capture rate assigned as output. Based upon optimization process, MLP neural network with 14 neurons in the hidden layer, log-sigmoid transfer function in the hidden layer and linear transfer function in the output layer, exhibited much better performance in prediction task than RBF neural network with the same neuron numbers in the hidden layer. Results obtained demonstrated that there is a very little difference between the estimated results of ANN approach and experimental data of CO₂ capture rate for the training, validation, and test data sets. Furthermore, Henry’s law constants were obtained by fitting the equilibrium data.     

应用基于粗集的模糊神经网络进行软测量建模的研究

提出将软测量建模与数据挖掘方法相结合的思想。针对模糊神经网络输入维数高，且对应的神经网络是权值不完全连接的网络，结构简单、训练速度快。将该方法用于催化裂化装置的轻柴油凝点的估计，取得良好的效果。