3β-乙酰氧基-17,17-亚乙二氧基-5-雄甾烯-7-酮的合成

以去氢表雄酮(DHEA)为原料,经过3位羟基乙酰化、17位羰基亚乙二氧基化和烯丙位氧化合成了3β-乙酰氧基-17,17-亚乙二氧基-5-雄甾烯-7-酮,目标化合物和中间体的结构经IR1、HNMR和MS确证。考察了不同氧化剂、反应温度、反应时间对产品收率的影响。确定了最佳反应条件:以n(PDC)∶n(t-BuOOH)∶n(3β-乙酰氧基-17,17-亚乙二氧基-5-雄甾烯)=4∶4∶1,反应温度25℃,反应时间8 h,总收率达57.9%。该路线反应条件温和、操作简单且产率高。     

1α-羟基去氢表雄酮的合成与应用研究进展

1α-羟基去氢表雄酮是合成马沙骨化醇的起始原料,也是合成维生素D类衍生物关键中间体和原料,具有良好的市场前景。标题化合物的合成研究已有半个多世纪的历史,但适于工业化的合成工艺尚待于开发。按起始原料不同对标题化合物合成方法和应用进行综述。合成标题化合物起始原料主要有1,4-雄烯二酮和去氢表雄酮。以去氢表雄酮为原料的合成方法又分为化学法和微生物法。     

去氢表雄酮的合成研究

4-雄烯-二酮经过3位烯酯化、乙二醇保护17位羰基,硼氢化钾还原和盐酸水解得到甾体激素类药物关键中间体去氢表雄酮,重量总收率高于70%。     

去氢表雄酮合成研究进展

去氢表雄酮对生命代谢活动起着重要的调节作用,具有抗衰老、抗肿瘤、抗抑郁等作用。综述了去氢表雄酮的几种合成方法,并对合成方法进行了分析总结。     

去氢表雄酮吡唑衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以去氢表雄酮为起始原料,经Claisen-Schmidt反应,再与芳基肼类化合物反应,获得具有吡唑结构的去氢表雄酮衍生物,产率80%～90%,其结构经~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR和ESI-MS表征,并用MTT法考察了其对人前列腺癌细胞DU-145的体外抑制活性。结果表明化合物B和C对DU-145均有一定抑制活性,其中化合物B对DU-145具有较好的抑制活性。     

B-降雄甾化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

从去氢表雄酮出发,通过官能团保护、臭氧化开环、环化反应,然后通过不同的化学反应及官能团转换,在甾核的不同位置引入不同官能团,合成了系列具有[6-5-6-5]-甾核结构的化合物。采用Hela(宫颈癌细胞株),Bel 7404(肝癌细胞株)和SGC 7901(胃癌细胞株)肿瘤细胞株,对这些化合物进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测试。研究结果表明,当C-6为缩氨硫腙基、C-17为肟基取代时,所得到的B-降-3-乙酰氧基-5-羟基-17-肟-雄甾-6-缩胺硫腙对HeLa细胞具有中等强度的细胞毒性。     

5-雄甾烯-3β-醇-17-酮-3-醋酸酯的工艺研究

5-雄甾烯-3β-醇-17-酮-3-醋酸酯是多个甾体激素合成的中间体,如去氢表雄酮、癸酸诺龙、雌二醇、炔诺酮等雄激素、雌激素、孕激素产品的合成。通过对工艺的实验研究,得出最优化的工艺为用盐酸替代三氯氧磷,作为反应的催化剂,且加入的盐酸的量与I的质量比为0．5：1。用甲苯和丙酮的混合溶剂替代受限制使用溶剂苯,与I的质量比为2．5：2．5：1。实现了工艺绿色化,并且收率有明显提高。     

16-卤代苯亚甲基去氢表雄酮的合成及结构表征

以去氢表雄酮和卤代苯甲醛为起始原料,在氢氧化钾和乙醇反应体系条件下以74.8%~98.1%的收率合成了9个16-卤代苯亚甲基去氢表雄酮衍生物。所有目标产物均未见文献报道,其结构经MS、~1H NMR及元素分析表征确证。     

醋酸阿比特龙的合成

以去氢表雄酮为原料,经与水合肼缩合、碘代、再与3-吡啶溴化镁发生偶联反应、乙酰化等4步反应合成了目标产物醋酸阿比特龙,总收率为51.4%。产物结构经1 HNMR、元素分析表征。     

色满酮类化合物的合成及其抗炎活性研究

设计合成了4种色满酮类化合物,并利用熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱等手段确定了其结构。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法,测定了该化合物的抗炎活性,实验结果表明在200mg／kg剂量下所合成的3个目标化合物6-[2-（4-吗啉基）乙氧基]色满酮、6-[（喹啉-2-基）甲氧基]色满酮、7-[2-（4-吗啉基）乙氧基]色满酮对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀具有显著的抑制作用。     

不饱和醇型檀香的合成与分析

在合成檀香化合物３－甲基－５－（２，２，３－三甲基环戊－３－烯－１－基）－戊－２－醇的过程中，对前体化合物３－甲基－５－（２，２，３－三甲基环戊－３－烯－１－基）－３－烯－２－酮采用化学还原方法，合成出不饱和醇型檀香化合物３－甲基－５－（２，２，３－三甲基环戊－３－烯－１－基）－３－烯－戊－２－醇，对其进行了物理常数、ＩＲ、￣１ＨＮＭＲ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ的分析测定。     

Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of dried Helichrysum italicum flowers by response surface methodology: GC-MS profiles of the extracts and essential oil

Supercritical (SC) CO₂ extraction of dried Immortelle flowers was performed at different process parameters. The optimal extraction conditions related to the yield were determined by response surface methodology (yield 4.09% at 20 MPa and 52°C). The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and tremetone derivatives dominated: bitalin A, 12-acetoxytremetone, gnaphaliol, 1-[2-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanone, isobutyl bitalin A, and 1-[2-(acetylprop-1-en-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]ethanone. Striking differences were found among the essential oil and SC-CO₂ extracts composition. The major oil compounds were γ-curcumene, α-pinene, β-selinene, α-selinene, and limonene. Mono- and sesquiterpene were found among minor constituents of the extracts. Neryl acetate was present in the extracts and essential oil.     

三氟氯菊酸的手性拆分

通过R（+）-α-苯乙胺与三氟氯菊酸在不同反应溶剂中反应,实现了对三氟氯菊酸的手性拆分。研究结果表明,当甲醇作反应溶剂时,R（+）-α-苯乙胺会与三氟氯菊酸络合形成包结物。所得晶体经FT-IR、¹H NMR以及X射线单晶衍射等测试分析手段表征,得出结论：与R（+）-α-苯乙胺形成包结物的三氟氯菊酸立体异构体为Z-（1S,S）-顺式-2,2-二甲基-3-（2-氯-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯基）环丙烷羧酸。     

尼洛替尼的合成研究

3-乙酰基吡啶与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛反应制得(E)-3-二甲胺基-1-(3-吡啶基)-2-丙烯-1-酮,接下来与硝酸胍环合得4-(3-吡啶基)-2-胺基嘧啶,然后与3-溴-4-甲基苯甲酸乙酯缩合再经水解反应制得关键中间体4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]胺基]苯甲酸.此关键中间体直接与3-三氟甲...     

Die Steroide der Mandel-Samenschale

Sterols of Almond Seed Coat Additionally to seven sterols known from the almond seed oil the nonsaponifiable part of the greasy oil of almond seed coats contains 24-methylencholesterol ( 6 ), fucosterol ( 8 ) and sitosterol and stigmasterol glucopyranosyl ethers. The campesterol concentration was eight fold compared to the seed oil. Saturated sterols were not present proved after Jones oxidation of the monounsaturated sterol fraction. Amongst the expected oxidation products (24R)-stigmast-5-en-3β-yl formiate ( 10 ) and (24R)-stigmast-5-en-3-on dimethylacetal ( 11 ) have been identified, which both should be artefacts.     

1β-甲基碳青霉烯类抗生素——比阿培南的合成综述

对比阿培南的合成路线进行文献综述,先总体介绍比阿培南的两条总合成路线,进而介绍其中侧链对接法所涉及各关键中间体（包括1β-甲基碳青霉烯母核、吡唑烷环、含硫双五环侧链）的合成路线。1β-甲基碳青霉烯母核可通过分子内卡宾插入反应或分子内Dieckmann缩合反应两种方法合成,含硫双五环侧链则有以1,2-二（叔丁氧羰基）肼为原料和以水合肼为原料两条路线。     

Field Trapping of Tomato Moth, Tuta absoluta with Pheromone Traps

Field evaluations demonstrate that the addition of the minor pheromone component (3E,8Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate to the major component (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradecatrien-1-yl acetate does not significantly increase the trap catches of Tuta absoluta males in the field. The triene acetate itself is highly attractive, catching about 869 ± 255 males per trap in three consecutive nights. The addition of two isomers of the minor component (3E,8Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, (3E,11Z)-tetradecadienyl-yl acetate and (8Z,11Z)-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate, to the major component (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradecatrien-1-yl acetate also did not significantly alter the number of the males caught in the traps.     

Interactions between volatiles and lipids in complex systems

Partition equilibria of three aroma compounds in three different biphasic systems were studied by a liquid/liquid partition technique to investigate interactions that occur between volatiles and lipids in biphasic solutions. The lipids used were linoleic acid and ricinoleic acid and tetradecane as a model. The three aroma compounds were ethyl acetate, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and oct-1-en-3-ol. The results showed that the intermolecular forces involved were weak. Infrared spectroscopy was then performed on binary systems (tetradecane and linoleic acid or aroma compound) and on ternary systems (tetradecane, linoleic acid, and aroma compound) to determine the nature of the interactions. This method confirmed the presence of hydrogen bonds between linoleic acid and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine or oct-1-en-3-ol and also between molecules of oct-1-en-3-ol when the latter are present at high concentrations in lipids. The observations provided sufficient information to explain the behavior of oct-1-en-3-ol in biphasic solutions, but further work is needed to fully elucidate the nature of interactions between ethyl acetate or 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and lipids and also to explain the behavior of these compounds in biphasic solutions.     

Attraction of pea mothCydia nigricana F. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to female sex pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-YL acetate,is inhibited by geometric isomersE,Z, Z,E, andZ,Z

Field attraction ofCydia nigricana males to synthetic female sex pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, formulated on red rubber septa, declined continuously during two weeks. This was due to isomerization of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate: eight days after application of purifiedE,E isomer, the proportion ofE,Z;Z,E; andZ,Z isomers in rubber septa aged in the laboratory was 4%; a 5% addition of any one of these isomers to fresh lures of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate significantly reduced male attraction. Stereospecific syntheses of (E,Z)-, (Z,E)-, and (Z,Z)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are described. The pheromone gland ofCydia nigricana contains 0.8 ng/female of (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, accompanied by three monounsaturated acetates, (E)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate, (Z)-5-tetradecen-1-yl acetate, and (Z)-7-tetradecen-1-yl acetate (0.1 ng/female each). These compounds did not augment male trap catch when added to (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate.     

Further Insight into Crystal Structures of Escherichia coli IspH/LytB in Complex with Two Potent Inhibitors of the MEP Pathway: A Starting Point for Rational Design of New Antimicrobials

IspH, also called LytB, a protein involved in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids through the methylerythritol phosphate pathway, is an attractive target for the development of new antimicrobial drugs. Here, we report crystal structures of Escherichia coli IspH in complex with the two most potent inhibitors: (E)-4-mercapto-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate (TMBPP) and (E)-4-amino-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate (AMBPP) at 1.95 and 1.7 Å resolution, respectively. The structure of the E. coli IspH:TMBPP complex exhibited two conformers of the inhibitor. This unexpected feature was exploited to design and evolve new antimicrobial candidates in silico.