膜-序批式生物膜法(MSBBR)处理生活污水试验研究

采用膜-序批式生物膜法(MSBBR)处理高校校园生活污水,研究了系统稳定运行后的处理效果.结果表明,系统出水COD平均为44mg·L-1,NH3-N、TN、TP的平均质量浓度分别2、34、8.20、0.326 mg·L-1,对COD、NH3-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到83.4%、87.01%、67.46%、84.34%,且系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力.     

人工湿地-塘组合处理村镇严重污染河水效果

构建潜流人工湿地-塘组合中试系统,探讨系统对村镇严重污染河水中氮磷等污染物的处理效果。采用实验模拟的方法,获得不同水力停留时间HRT及不同塘水深条件下系统对氮磷净化效果的数据,并进行分析。结果表明,组合系统HRT对COD、TN、NH3-N的影响显著,随HRT的增大去除效果明显提高。对TP的影响呈现先提高后降低且总体变化不大的现象,除磷的最佳区间是HRT 2.5~3.0 d。当HRT2.1 d,COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的去除率大于54.0%、57.8%、67.7%和80.6%,出水COD优于Ⅳ类水体标准,TN、NH3-N均优于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级A标准,TP优于Ⅲ类水体标准。COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的去除率随塘水深变化不大,均出现一个先高后低的现象,当塘水深为0.5 m时,去除率最高,COD、TN、NH3-N和TP的去除率分别达到48.9%、55.3%、63.7%和83.9%,出水水质最好,分别为20.49、9.51、4.59、0.19 mg/L,COD优于Ⅳ类水体标准,TN、NH3-N优于一级A标准,TP优于Ⅲ类水体标准。     

CANON工艺脱氮处理二沉池出水的研究

采用一套有效容积为150mL的上向流生物滤池反应器,接种实验室所培养的厌氧氨氧化污泥,在反应器停止运行约1年后,以自配的含NH4+-N和N02-N废水为进水,恢复启动CANON工艺.反应器启动成功后,以二沉池出水为对象,进行脱氮处理研究.试验结果表明,通过控制进水基质溶解氧的方法,经厌氧氨氧化过程转化,成功启动了CANON工艺,共耗时38d,NH4+-N的容积负荷为168g·m-3·d-1,NH4+-N的去除率在90%左右,TN的去除率在70%左右.在二沉池出水NH4+-N质量浓度为25-35mg·L-1,COD为40-60mg·L-1,UV254为0.6-0.9cm-1,HRT为3h,DO质量浓度在0.4 mg·L-1左右的条件下,稳定运行25d,NH4+-N的去除率在95%左右,TN的去除率在65%左右,COD和UV254的平均去除率分别为17%与4%.     

潜流人工湿地对农村生活污水处理特性试验研究

采用潜流人工湿地处理农村生活污水,考察了该工艺对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果。结果表明,湿地对COD、BOD5、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除效果较好,平均去除率分别达到87.4%、83.5%、63.8%、57.9%和90.1%,出水COD为11.2～23.3 mg.L-1,出水BOD5为6.7～11.3 mg.L-1,出水NH3-N、TN、TP的质量浓度分别为10.3～16.1、18.8～23.2、小于1.0 mg.L-1,出水水质优于GB 5084-2005要求。植物种植状况、温度变化及进水污染物含量等因素对湿地处理效率有较大影响,总体上来讲,温度大于20℃、植物种植密度越大、进水污染物含量越低处理效果越好。     

改良射流曝气外置式MBR处理模拟生活污水研究

在常规外置MBR的基础上改变曝气方式,变鼓风曝气为间歇射流曝气;优化射流器和循环加压泵组合方式,并将其用于处理模拟生活污水.结果表明,改良后的间歇射流曝气可以代替鼓风机曝气并且提高了充氧效率.进水COD平均为407 mg·L-1,NH3-N、TN平均质量浓度为21.2 mg·L-1和41.5 mg·L-1时,出水COD为11.5～30.7 mg·L-1,去除率为93％～97％;出水NH3-N、TN质量浓度为3.9～10.2 mg·L-1和10.1～17.8 mg·L-1,去除率分别为52.2％～81.5％和57.1％～75.6％.     

厌氧折流板反应器-生物接触氧化池联合工艺处理新兴农村生活污水试验

采用厌氧折流板(ABR)-生物接触氧化(BCO)工艺处理新兴农村生活污水,试验研究了COD去除率、pH、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、碱度等随水力停留时间(HRT)的变化情况以及BCO中氮的转化。试验停留时间经过20、16、12、8、4、3、2 h的连续改变,最终确定最佳停留时间是4 h。试验进水COD平均为1 530 mg.L-1,经过ABR处理之后,出水COD降为119 mg.L-1,经过BCO工艺处理后,COD降为9 mg.L-1。ABR工艺COD的平均去除率为92%,总COD去除率为98%。同时,进水NH4+-N经过ABR-BCO工艺处理以后,平均质量浓度由93 mg.L-1降为0.52 mg.L-1,NH4+-N去除率为99%,总氮去除率在40%左右。     

缺氧—好氧法+新型外置膜生物反应器处理乳品废水研究

利用缺氧-好氧法(A/O)+外置膜生物反应器(MBR)对乳品废水进行试验,MBR与A/O工艺结合,强化脱氮,利用气液混合泵曝气代替鼓风曝气.结果表明,气液混合泵充氧效率高、能耗低.进水COD和NH3-N、TN、TP 质量浓度平均分别为994 mg·L-1和38.7、76.3、8.8 mg·L-1时,出水COD和NH3-N、TN、TP质量浓度平均分别为17.8mg· L-1和6.9、16、1.27 mg· L-1,去除率分别为98.2％和82％、78.9％、85.7％.     

多功能人工水草生物膜处理黑臭河水研究

以人工水草作为载体,利用光合细菌、枯草杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌形成的多功能人工水草生物膜开展上海市中心城区黑臭河水净化研究.结果表明,生物膜对黑臭河水中COD、BOD5、NH3-N和TP的平均去除率分别为64.1％、67.2％、96.0％和32.1％,水体中Fe2+和硫化物得到完全去除.当HRT为60.7、44.3、18.8 h时,系统对COD和NH3-N的平均去除率分别为80.61％、46.34％、44.54％和98.83％、44.06％、24.94％,表明在试验设定的水力停留时间( HRT)范围内,系统对COD和NH3-N的去除率随着HRT的缩短而降低,去除TP的最佳HRT为44.3 h,而Fe2+与硫化物的去除效果受HRT影响较小.     

改进型人工快速渗滤系统除磷研究

为强化人工快速渗滤系统对磷的去除效率,优化设计了人工快滤池的结构与滤料组成并进行了处理小区生活污水的小试研究.结果表明,在水力负荷为1.0m3·m-2·d-1,湿干比为1:3的条件下,系统对COD、SS、NH+4-N、TF均有较好的去除效果,进水中COD由142～238mg·L-1降到出水的16～52mg·L-1,SS、NH+4-N以及TP质量浓度分别由进水的143～175 mg·L--120.19～32.42 mg·L-1,2.45～4.23 mg·L-1降到出水的7～21 mg·L-1、0.92～3.67 mg·L-1、0.11～0.38mg·L-1,平均去除效率均在90%以上.与传统的CRI相比,虽然对COD.SS及NH+4-N的去除效果并没有明显的提高,但改进型CRI对污水中TP的去除效率有明显的提高.     

阶梯式溢流堰对不同浓度污染水体的影响研究

定期监测45°阶梯式溢流堰坝体上下的溶解氧及水质指标变化,研究阶梯式溢流堰对不同浓度污染水体有机污染及营养盐的影响.结果表明,水体经45°阶梯式溢流堰后,IMn、NH3-N、TP得到有效降低,当坝上的IMn低于19.00 mg·L-1,IMn降低率较高,高于5.80%;当坝上的IMn高于19.00 mg·L-1,IMn降低率较低,低于5.80%.当坝上NH3-N质量浓度小于19 mg·L-1时,NH3-N去除率较低,低于5.00%,当坝上水体NH3-N质量浓度大于19 mg·L-1时去除率较高,高于8.00%.水体经溢流堰后TP的降低值与坝上TP质量浓度呈显著的线性关系,线性方程为△TP=0.2015 TPA-0.1999,但坝上TN浓度对TN去除率无直接联系.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。