用遗传算法进行多流股换热器网络综合的研究

建立了多流股换热器网络综合数学模型，该模型改进了文献中等温混合的不合理假设。多流股换热器网络综合问题本质上是一个混合整数非线性规划问题(MINLP)，这类问题的非凸非线性的特性使得目标函数存在多个局部最优解。传统的基于梯度的搜索方法在处理这类问题时由于计算规模庞大且极易陷于局部最优解而不再适用，而遗传算法却为解决这类问题提供了很有希望的一个方向。因而对遗传算法求解多流股换热器网络综合问题进行了研究，提出了可以自动产生可行的多流股换热器网络的方法策略，最后通过两个例题说明所提方法是可行的。     

多股流换热器网络及其衍生网络法综合优化

在介绍了多股流换热器网络特点及其与传统网络区别的基础上,提出了一种基于衍生网络的多股流换热器网络综合优化方法,重点在衍生网络的生成、多股流换热器网络的合成以及全局优化格式的生成等方面进行了探讨,结果表明,采用衍生网络的方法能够实现多股流换热器网络的优化.     

基于状态空间超级结构的多流股换热网络最优设计

多流股换热器以其结构紧凑、高效低耗等特点,成为过程强化研究的热门领域,但对于多流股换热的过程与设备优势所在仍然值得商榷。基于多流股换热匹配改进状态空间超级结构,将多流股换热网络综合转化为超级换热器设计。首先,构造级联多流股换热器匹配过程操作算子,通过相邻换热流股匹配,传递温位效应,实现多流股间传热严格计算;借助热容流率混合分配机制,实现各流股间任意分混操作。然后,考虑散热因素,改进目标函数,引入冷热损失和保温材料费用项,清晰体现多流股换热器因换热面互相覆盖而带来的外表面封包优势。进而,建立相应非线性数学规划模型,实现公用工程、设备投资、冷热损耗同步优化。最终,通过文献示例对所提方法可行性与优越性进行验证。     

基于状态空间超级结构的多流股换热网络最优设计

多流股换热器以其结构紧凑、高效低耗等特点,成为过程强化研究的热门领域,但对于多流股换热的过程与设备优势所在仍然值得商榷。基于多流股换热匹配改进状态空间超级结构,将多流股换热网络综合转化为超级换热器设计。首先,构造级联多流股换热器匹配过程操作算子,通过相邻换热流股匹配,传递温位效应,实现多流股间传热严格计算;借助热容流率混合分配机制,实现各流股间任意分混操作。然后,考虑散热因素,改进目标函数,引入冷热损失和保温材料费用项,清晰体现多流股换热器因换热面互相覆盖而带来的外表面封包优势。进而,建立相应非线性数学规划模型,实现公用工程、设备投资、冷热损耗同步优化。最终,通过文献示例对所提方法可行性与优越性进行验证。     

热负荷和超结构级数对多流股换热器网络综合的影响

多流股换热器网络是一种复杂的换热器网络.在优化的双流股换热器网络的基础上进行多流股换热器网络的综合.在考虑工程应用中换热器热负荷受限制的条件下,通过对换热器网络超结构模型中级数进行合理的取值,来减少遗传模拟退火算法程序的计算量和提高计算效率;同时确定了级数的设定方法.最后将级数的设定方法应用于两个例题,效果良好.     

Research advances in pinch technology and the synthesis of multipass heat exchanger networks

回顾了近年来多程换热网络综合的研究进展,阐述了多程换热器及多程换热网络的研究方法：通过引入对数平均温差校正系数修正多程换热器的平均换热温差,进而将其作为约束条件进行多程换热网络的综合。指出可以从热力学原理出发分析求解多程换热网络,并提出从机理出发基于夹点技术进行多程换热网络综合的研究思路。     

最小年度化费用换热网络综合的匹配规则研究

本文在分析换热器投资费用的基础上，指出在进行换热网络综合时应以壳程数作为一个综合目标，并通过与公用工程费用的权衡得到年度化费用的换热网络，提出了基于最小壳程数的换热网络综合方法的匹配规则，指出了为获得最小壳程数，冷热流股进行匹配的最大可能交叉程度以及流股间进行匹配的顺序，并提出了不可行匹配的基本准则，通过实例分析得到较好的效果。     

粒子群算法最优同步综合换热网络

采用粒子群算法,对无分流换热网络综合问题提出改进的优化策略.运用超结构建立换热网络模型,以最小年度总费用为优化目标,按顺序求解思路优化换热器换热量.该算法比遗传算法简单,所需调节参数少,且不易陷入局部最优解,能迅速得到换热网络的结构与参数,具有获得全局最优解的能力.仿真研究验证了方法的有效性.     

低温过程多流股换热器网络综合

多流股换热器主要应用在低温过程领域.本文针对低温过程换热器网络的特点,基于流股虚拟温度的T-H图提出了利用遗传/模拟退火算法进行低温过程换热网络综合的方法.低温过程传热温差较小,在流股温差贡献值的选取上充分考虑了流股热力学平均温度的影响,使其取值更加合理;冷公用工程的利用不同于常温换热网络,温度越低其相应的费用越高,通过采用分批-逐次利用的原理分配冷公用工程,得到冷公用工程的温位及相应的匹配位置,能够有效地利用过程系统的传热温差,降低换热网络的操作费用;该方法利用虚拟T-H图法产生初始解,具有决策变量少,产生初始解均为可行的特点,能显著提高遗传模拟退火算法的计算效率,并适用于不同材质、不同传热膜系数网络的设计和优化;以国内某乙烯装置脱甲烷塔预冷系统综合为实例进行了分析.     

综合考虑泵的设备及运行费用的换热网络优化

流体流经换热设备产生的压降是影响换热网络综合的重要因素,且压降会对整个换热网络系统的稳态运行造成影响。因此在进行换热网络综合时,泵的设备购置费、运行泵的能耗费用需同换热设备费用和公用工程费用同时进行考虑。本文基于有分流的非等温混合分级换热网络超结构模型,并且去除流股给热系数为常数的假设,将流股的给热系数作为流股流速的函数,以换热网络最低年总费用作为本文数学模型的目标函数,综合考虑泵的设备购置费用和泵运行时的能耗费用,建立了一个换热网络同步综合的MINLP数学模型。采用改进的拟并行的遗传/模拟退火算法对该数学模型进行求解,可获得最优的压降值及最优流股给热系数下的换热网络结构。最后,通过具体的算例证明了模型的有效性和可靠性,达到了既简化换热网络结构又降低了年总费用的目标。     

过程系统能量集成同步最优综合法

将换热网络超结构混合整数非线性规划多目标同步最优综合方法进一步扩展到与过程系统的联合优化,提出了改进的过程热集成同步综合方法,并以反应分离过程与换热网络能量集成为例,建立了同步优化超结构模型,采用混合整数非线性规划的遗传算法求解,可同时得到热集成系统最优的流程结构和操作条件。     

用伪并行遗传/模拟退火算法进行多流股换热器网络综合的研究

The multi-stream heat exchanger network synthesis (HENS) problem can be formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming model according to Yee et al. Its nonconvexity nature leads to existence of more than one optimum and computational difficulty for traditional algorithms to find the global optimum. Compared with deterministic algorithms, evolutionary computation provides a promising approach to tackle this problem. In this paper, a mathematical model of multi-stream heat exchangers network synthesis problem is setup. Different from the assumption of isothermal mixing of stream splits and thus linearity constraints of Yee et al., non-isothermal mixing is supported. As a consequence, nonlinear constraints are resulted and nonconvexity of the objective function is added. To solve the mathematical model, an algorithm named GA/SA (parallel genetic/simulated annealing algorithm) is detailed for application to the multi-stream heat exchanger network synthesis problem. The performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated with three examples and the obtained solutions indicate the presented approach is effective for multi-stream HENS.     

混合整数非线性规划与化学工程系统最优化设计——(Ⅱ)换热器网络的最优合成

本文讨论了用系统方法进行换热器网络的最优合成问题.建立了该系统的超结构及其混合整数非线性规划(MINLP)模型,并成功地应用了前文导出的MINLP算法对一算例进行求解.计算结果表明,本文所采用的方法在对系统的结构与操作参数同时进行优化方面,优于以往一些方法.     

用于热集成精馏序列综合的改进模拟退火算法

提出一个用于多组分热集成精馏系统综合问题的改进模拟退火算法.将优化问题表示为混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）问题,将算法设计同研究问题的特征相结合,运用本文方法可在同一退火策略下实现流程结构和操作参数的同步优化,并能达到计算精度和计算速度的更好均衡.通过对大规模算例（产品数≥10）的计算表明,该方法对求解此类问题非常有效.     

Synthesis of flexible multi-stream heat exchanger networks based on stream pseudo-temperature with genetic/simulated annealing algorithms

The synthesis of flexible heat exchanger network (HEN) is generally regarded as an over-design of process units over a specified range of deviations in process parameters from their nominal values. The HEN obtained is more costly because of the over-design of HEN. The global solution to flexible design problems cannot be guaranteed because of the resulting non-differentiable, non-convex, max–min–max constraint of mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models. In this paper a new simultaneous two-stage strategy for synthesizing flexible multi-stream HEN (FMSHEN), optimized by genetic/simulated annealing algorithm (GA/SA), is presented. First, based on the pseudo-temperature enthalpy (T–H) diagram method, a new nonlinear programming (NLP) formulation involving all of the vertices of the polyhedral uncertainty region in the space of process parameters is proposed, with the supposition that the feasible region defined by the reduced inequality constraints is convex. An over-design FMSHEN is obtained by optimizing the stream heat transfer temperature difference contribution. Secondly, the optimal structure of the over-design FMSHEN is retained and each heat exchanger area is modified in order to make the FMSHEN less costly. The total annual cost of MSHEN, obtained from the simulation of MSHEN according to the vertices of the polyhedral uncertain region, is regarded as an objective function, and GA/SA is adopted for optimizing the heat exchanger areas. The remarkable feature of the strategy is that the size and the complexity of the problem are reduced significantly and with more probability of locating the global solution. Finally, two examples are illustrated to demonstrate the performance of the strategy for the synthesis of flexible multi-stream heat exchanger networks.     

A systematic approach for synthesizing a low-temperature distillation system

In this paper, by combining a stochastic optimization method with a refrigeration shaft work targeting method, an approach for the synthesis of a heat integrated complex distillation system in a low-temperature process is presented. The synthesis problem is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which is solved by simulated annealing algorithm under a random procedure to explore the optimal operating parameters and the distillation sequence structure. The shaft work targeting method is used to evaluate the minimum energy cost of the corresponding separation system during the optimization without any need for a detailed design for the heat exchanger network (HEN) and the refrigeration system (RS). The method presented in the paper can dramatical y reduce the scale and complexity of the problem. A case study of ethylene cold-end separation is used to il ustrate the application of the approach. Compared with the original industrial scheme, the result is encouraging.     

Sensor network design for maximizing process efficiency: An algorithm and its application

Sensor network design (SND) is a constrained optimization problem requiring systematic and effective solution algorithms for determining where best to locate sensors. A SND algorithm is developed for maximizing plant efficiency for an estimator‐based control system while simultaneously satisfying accuracy requirements for the desired process measurements. The SND problem formulation leads to a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) optimization that is difficult to solve for large‐scale system applications. Therefore, a sequential approach is developed to solve the MINLP problem, where the integer problem for sensor selection is solved using the genetic algorithm while the nonlinear programming problem including convergence of the “tear stream” in the estimator‐based control system is solved using the direct substitution method. The SND algorithm is then successfully applied to a large scale, highly integrated chemical process. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 464–476, 2015     

Synthesis of non-isothermal heat integrated water networks in chemical processes

This paper presents a new approach for the simultaneous synthesis and optimization of heat integrated water networks. A new superstructure for heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis is proposed. The procedure is based on mixed integer non-linear mathematical programming (MINLP). Four relevant examples are presented to illustrate various aspects of the proposed approach.     

Synthesis of Heat Integrated Complex Distillation Systems via Stochastic Optimization Approaches

This paper addresses the application of stochastic optimization approaches to the synthesis of heat integrated complex distillation system, which is characterized by large-scale combinatorial feature. Conventional and complex columns, thermally coupled (linked) side strippers and side rectifiers as well as heat integration between the different columns are simultaneously considered. The problem is formulated as an MINLP (mixed-integer nonlinear programming) problem. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed to deal with the MINLP problem and a shortcut method is applied to evaluate all required design parameters as well as the total cost function. Two illustrating examples are presented.     

质量交换网络集成的状态空间法

State space approach is an effective method to mass-exchange network (MEN) synthesis. By decomposing the network into two interactive parts, a distribution network and a process operator, the synthesis problem can be formulated into a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model. In this article, a generalized state space model based on typical MEN is established and verified in two cases. A new asymmetrical operator and cost index are also adopted to speed up the solution process. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.