陶瓷微滤膜处理钛白粉水洗液的过程强化研究

本文采用湍流促进器和反冲对陶瓷膜处理钛白粉水洗液的微滤过程进行了强化研究。实验和以上两种方法均不同程度地提高了渗透通量,降低了能耗。考察卫湍流促进器结构参数和反冲持续时间、压力、周期对强化效果的影响,确定了合适的湍流促进器结构参数和反冲条件,并对反冲的重复性进行了实验考察。     

提高钛白粉生产收率途径探讨

回收酸解泥浆中的钛成分，回收水合二氧化钛水洗时穿滤的水合二氧化钛，在水洗叶滤机滤片上采用助滤层，都是提高BA01－01锐钛型钛白粉生产收率的有效途径。     

陶瓷结合剂中二氧化钛的高灵敏度光度分析的不确定度评定

报道了二氧化钛与新显色剂对溴偶氮羧-M的高灵敏显色反应的研究结果。对光度法测定陶瓷结合剂中二氧化钛的不确定度的产生原因进行了分析，并对陶瓷结合剂样品中二氧化钛含量测定结果的不确定度进行了评定。     

一种超高比表面积脱硝用钛白粉制备工艺的研究

本文简要介绍了一种脱硝用具有超高比表面积钛白粉的制备方法,通过向沉降钛液中添加水解晶种的方式制备高比表面积的偏钛酸,水洗合格的偏钛酸用一定浓度的氨水进行预处理,而后抽滤、水洗进恒温电热烘箱干燥,粉碎后即得脱硝用具有超高比表面积的钛白粉。     

处理后的钛白粉废水直接回用及钙的去除规律

采用废水一洗,砂滤水二洗的偏钛酸水洗方案,对比了废水和生产中二洗出水的洗铁效果,研究了洗涤时间和水温对洗铁、洗钙的影响以及废水洗涤过程中钙的积累情况,通过建立扩散-溶解模型对砂滤水洗钙过程进行了拟合。结果表明,废水的洗铁效果优于二洗出水,一洗洗涤时间75 min,水温45℃,二洗洗涤时间100 min,水温45℃条件下,洗后钛白粉铁含量低于30 mg.kg-1,钙含量低于50 mg.kg-1,模型预测结果与试验数据吻合较好。     

有机纤维素助滤二氧化钛研究

详细探讨了木质有机纤维素用量对二氧化钛滤饼穿滤损失、过滤能力、滤饼强度、铁含量、含湿量的影响，及其煅烧残留量对钛白粉质量的影响。进而阐述了钛白粉生产过程中用木质有机纤维素作为二氧化钛水合物助滤剂的使用方法和助滤效果。结果表明，选用木质有机纤维素作为水合二氧化钛助滤剂，不仅可以增加滤饼强度．减少滤饼垮塌．还可以提高过滤、洗涤能力，降低滤饼中的残留杂质，特别是对钛自粉生产过程中有害铁离子的去除非常有利。比较台理的使用方法是先对滤布进行预涂处理，再用主体掺浆加料法。其合理用量为，预涂层厚度1～2mm．主体加料量为过滤浆料中二氧化钛于基质量的0.2％～0．5％。     

硫酸法钛白粉水洗及水循环膜处理工艺

水洗工序是硫酸法钛白粉生产中影响钛白粉产品质量的主要工序之一,传统水洗工艺存在废水排放量大、粉体流失严重的问题,严重制约钛白粉行业的发展。水洗及水循环膜处理工艺,包括粉体回收系统、膜洗涤系统和膜分离水循环系统,实现了洗涤水的循环利用和钛白粉粉体的100%回收,同时还可以获得铁含量更低的钛白粉产品。工程实例运行结果表明,水洗完成后浆料的固含量为300 g/L,单质铁含量小于10 mg/kg。     

陶瓷膜微滤技术澄清苦参水提液的研究

用无机陶瓷微滤膜对苦参水提液进行微滤，对水提液微滤前后在性状，固形物，指标成分等方面进行对比分析。苦参水提液微滤前均为浑浊液体，微滤后成为颜色变浅的澄清透明液体，苦参水提液固形物去除率为39.50%，氧化苦参碱和苦参总黄酮的保留率分别为79.72%和77.23%。     

传统加热酸溶性钛渣实验研究

以酸溶性钛渣为原料,对其进行传统加热氧化焙烧实验研究。考察了焙烧温度及保温时间对样品中二氧化钛、硫、碳含量的影响。结果表明：随着焙烧温度升高,氧化焙烧过程中低价钛、铁以及氧化亚铁的氧化使物料总量增加,而钛总量不变,导致焙烧后物料中二氧化钛含量随着焙烧温度的升高而降低;随着保温时间增加,各成分的氧化反应进行得更彻底,物料中二氧化钛的含量不断降低;随着焙烧温度的升高及保温时间的增加,碳与硫的脱除效果明显,其含量不断降低。     

多级逆流水洗法回收催化气化灰渣中的钾催化剂

采用逆流水洗法将1 t/d煤催化气化工艺过程开发装置(PDU)稳态排放灰渣中的水溶性钾进行回收。研究了六级逆流水洗操作对灰渣中钾催化剂的回收效果,并考察了水洗液中钾含量对灰渣中钾析出效果的影响。结果表明:灰渣中可溶性钾与总钾质量比为62%,采用不同水洗工艺可将可溶性钾全部回收,单级逆流水洗工艺和六级逆流水洗工艺的耗水量分别为灰渣质量的6倍和不到3倍。因此,六级逆流水洗耗水量远低于单级逆流水洗工艺耗水量,不仅达到节水的目的,还可降低后续浓缩工段能耗。催化剂溶液的最高富集浓度为30%(质量分数),可输送至催化剂负载单元进行循环利用。     

钛酸铝的工业化合成试验

用工业氧化铝粉、钛白粉及适量的键活性剂、亲和剂、稳定剂合成了较稳定的钛酸铝，并用这种钛酸铝合成了抗热震性好的陶瓷制品。     

膜集成技术处理氯化法钛白后处理废水的研究

氯化法钛白无机包膜处理工序会产生大量中性废水,其中包含少量钛白粉和水溶性盐,现阶段企业多以外排为主。采用膜集成（陶瓷膜+反渗透膜+纳滤膜）技术对氯化法钛白后处理废水的处理进行研究。将氯化法钛白后处理废水用陶瓷膜过滤,分离回收二氧化钛;将陶瓷膜清液用反渗透膜浓缩,清水回收利用;将反渗透浓液用纳滤膜分离硫酸钠和氯化钠。结果表明：利用陶瓷膜处理氯化法钛白后处理废水,平均通量为650 L/（m ²·h）,浓液中钛白粉质量浓度达到90 g/L以上,清液中钛白粉质量浓度低于0.001 g/L;使用反渗透膜截留清液中的硫酸钠和氯化钠,硫酸钠和氯化钠的截留率为99.5%,浓水中的盐质量分数达到4%以上;浓水中的硫酸钠和氯化钠通过纳滤膜分离,纳滤膜对硫酸钠的截留率为97%,硫酸钠质量分数达到14%以上。     

涂料用钛白粉的评估和测试方法

以醇酸树脂为成膜物质,通过加入不同的钛白粉,分别制得5种醇酸涂料。通过测试钛白粉的吸油量,涂料的细度,光泽,QUVA老化试验,湿热试验和户外暴晒试验,考察5种钛白粉的区别,并优化选择得到性能最佳的钛白粉,为钛白粉的筛选提供了一种简单高效的方法。     

膜法处理黄姜加工废水实验研究

采用陶瓷微滤膜和不同截留分子量的有机膜处理黄姜废水,回收其中的葡萄糖,并进行了膜工艺优化.利用该工艺处理黄姜废水可提取出纯度为85%-90%的葡萄糖溶液,同时黄姜废水的COD值将从目前的82 000 mg/L下降至4 000 mg/L.     

Cyanide Detoxification of Mining Wastewaters with TiO2 Nanoparticles and Its Recovery by Electrocoagulation

Due to the widespread use of cyanide in mining operations, its recovery and destruction is important for both the environmental aspects of wastewater and its treatment, and the economic aspects associated with the high consumption of chemicals by the process itself. A photoelectrocatalytic detoxification technique with titanium dioxide microelectrodes is one of the most innovative ways for the treatment of wastewater containing cyanide. However, this technique has a disadvantage for industrial application in that the separation of titanium dioxide after the photocatalytic degradation of cyanide is rather difficult due to the fineness of the particles, and therefore, the reuse of the titanium dioxide has not been attained for the treatment of cyanide‐containing wastewater. To overcome this weak point, an electrocoagulation (EC) technique is used to recover the titanium dioxide from its aqueous suspensions. The results show that photodegradation of cyanide is 93 % in 30 min using a 450 W halogen lamp. The recovery of anatase with the EC process is 98 %. The results indicate that this technique has the potential to serve as a reliable and economical method because sunlight can be used efficiently as the power source. The Langmuir isotherm is used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters, i.e., free energy, enthalpy and entropy. The evaluation of these parameters, i.e., ΔG° = –37 kJ/mol, ΔH° = –54 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 0.524 kJ/mol K, indicates the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption of the anatase particles on the iron species.     

颜填料在膨胀型钢结构防火涂料中的应用研究

为了增加膨胀层的强度,增大膨胀层灼烧残余物的比重,提高防火涂料的耐火性能,本文考察了钛白粉和陶瓷纤维对膨胀型防火涂料耐火性能的影响。结果表明:钛白粉的加入可以减少防火涂料的烧蚀率,适当降低防火涂料的膨胀倍数,使膨胀层更加均匀致密,钛白粉的最佳添加量为10%;陶瓷纤维的加入能够显著提高膨胀层白化后的强度,使膨胀层经过长时间的高温灼烧后仍然保持较高的强度,不易被烟气吹散,陶瓷纤维的最佳添加量为3%。     

Anion transport through ceramic electrodialysis membranes made with hydrated cerium dioxide

In this research, low‐cost ceramic anion‐exchange membranes have been developed from porous supports manufactured, using a chamotte as a pore former. An inorganic anion‐exchanger (hydrated cerium dioxide) has been deposited into the support and fixed by thermal treatment. The effects of some process variables (such as the temperature of the thermal treatment or the pH of the electrolyte) on the properties of the anion‐exchange membranes have been investigated. The electrochemical performance of the resulting membranes has been compared to that exhibited by ceramic anion‐exchange membranes based on another anion exchanger (hydrated zirconium dioxide) deposited into alumina‐kaolin supports. The temperature of the thermal treatment applied to fix the hydrated cerium dioxide (HCeD) does not affect the structure nor the electrochemical properties of the membranes. The porosity of the supports obtained, using a chamotte as the pore former was lower than that of the alumina‐kaolin ones, which led to a lower deposition of hydrated cerium dioxide than that obtained for hydrated zirconium dioxide (HZrD) in alumina‐kaolin supports. The higher porosity registered for the HZrD‐based membrane also implies higher membrane conductivities. The selective transport of anions through the membranes was enhanced by increasing the number of infiltrating steps, as confirmed from current to voltage curves. However, this behavior was only apparent at acidic or neutral pH, thus confirming the amphoteric character of the anion‐exchanger. Comparing the γ parameter (equivalents of ion exchanger per gram of deposited oxide), it is concluded that the porosity of the ceramic supports, consequence of their distinct microstructure, is the main parameter responsible for the difference in the ion‐exchange capacity obtained for HZrD and HCeD membranes. Consequently, the CeO₂ particles used in this work are also good candidates to impart ion‐exchange properties to microporous ceramic supports.     

Multifunctional system for treatment of wastewaters from adhesive-producing industries: separation of solids and oxidation of dissolved pollutants using doted microfiltration membranes

To eliminate non-biodegradable organic compounds from wastewater application of semiconductor photocatalysis has been done. Experiments have been performed on immobilizing the photocatalyst titanium dioxide in an organic PAN microfiltration membrane and illuminated by UV-A light in order to improve oxidation performance and avoid particle separation. The organic pollutants are oxidized by in situ-produced hydroxyl radicals or directly by the catalyst. The membrane causes a convective flow of the pollutant towards the catalyst. The separation properties of the membrane can be used in a multifunctional way to extract remaining solid particles. A module containing membranes and a UV light source was developed. 4-Chlorophenol was completely mineralized at a high reaction rate. A two-step process has been developed for the clarification of highly polluted waste waters from adhesive-producing plants. First, the suspended solids which reach up to 10% of the mass stream are precipitated, flocculated and separated by means of a decanting centrifuge and flotation. Then the photocatalytic process was applied on the dissolved organic contents.     

超细二氧化钛的离心分离实验研究

对超细二氧化钛(锐钛型)和去离子水体系的水分散度以及离心分离性能进行了实验研究,讨论了实验结果与传统离心分离理论的差别.在此基础上,认为产生这种差别的原因是超细二氧化钛在离心力场中发生了团聚,从而使得原始粒径较小的超细颗粒在小于极限粒径时仍然能够进行分离.提出极限浓度的概念,指出当残液浓度低于该浓度时,颗粒发生团聚较为缓慢,难以形成较大颗粒团聚体从而使得分离终止.     

Construction strategies of self-cleaning ceramic composite membranes for water treatment

Ceramic membranes have received much popularity due to their high mechanical strength, satisfactory acid/alkali resistance, and long-term stability. However, ceramic membranes are also inevitably fouled by contaminates during the membrane separation process. Therefore, construction strategies of anti-fouling ceramic membranes are a main topic in current research. In this work, we review a better anti-fouling ceramic membrane, which is named “self-cleaning” membrane and membrane process. Date to now, there are four main strategies to construct self-cleaning ceramic membranes: 1) porous piezoelectric ceramic membranes; 2) photo-catalytic ceramic membrane; 3) electrochemical ceramic membranes and 4) self-cleaning ceramic membrane surface. Self-cleaning ceramic membranes can in-situ remove and decompose the pollutants on the membrane surface and recover the water permeance that exhibits a great potential to treat industrial wastewater without backwashing or other methods. The detailed membrane fabrication period, mechanism and important case studies are reported in this review. Self-cleaning ceramic membrane is expected to be next-generation anti-fouling ceramic membrane material for continuous water treatment. It is a first review work that systematically concluded all the strategies for self-cleaning ceramic membranes that can be an important reference in ceramic or membrane fields.