三元复合驱用新型疏水缔合聚合物性能评价

为探索降低三元复合驱化学剂用量的有效途径,评价了几种新型疏水缔合聚合物的性能。无碱和表面活性剂条件下,疏水缔合聚合物的增粘效果与2500万分子量HPAM相近。三元条件下,由于碱和表面活性剂能够促进聚合物分子链上官能团的疏水缔合作用,使粘度大幅度升高,所以相同粘度条件下,三元体系中的聚合物用量小于无碱和表面活性剂时的聚合物溶液。剪切后,疏水缔合聚合物具有较好的粘度恢复性能,可以实现低粘注入、高粘驱替,有利于在油田开发中应用。该类型聚合物与表面活性剂配伍性较好,可在较宽的碱和表面活性剂浓度范围内达到超低界面张力。与2500万分子量HPAM三元体系相比,在驱油效果相近的情况下,该类型疏水缔合聚合物可降低聚合物用量20%以上。     

接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物-表面活性剂的溶液行为

将大单体4-乙烯苄基辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯(18)醚、丙烯酰胺和2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸钠共聚合成接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物(branched acrylamide-based copolymer,PAE),然后将具有表面活性的PAE分别与4种表面活性剂复合,获得二元复合驱油体系。研究各表面活性剂对这些二元复合驱油体系的表观黏度和表面张力的影响,与油田常用的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺-表面活性剂二元复合驱油体系相比,这些体系可提高驱油剂的增黏性和表面活性,改善驱油过程中的色谱分离效应。在阴离子表面活性剂(十二烷基硫酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate,SDBS))、阳离子表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和非离子表面活性剂(聚氧乙烯(20)山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯)中,微量SDBS对聚合物体系溶液黏度提高幅度最大,且能明显降低体系的表面张力,当SDBS浓度为0.6 mmol/L时,PAE二元复合驱油体系(含5.0 g/L NaC l,1.2 g/L PAE)的表观黏度可从243 mP a·s上升到732 mP a·s。     

表面活性剂驱油体系性能评价及应用

结合长庆油田低渗透非均质高矿化度的特点,对研发的表面活性剂驱油体系CQYH-1进行了基本性能评价,并考察了该体系的润湿反转能力和驱油能力。结果表明,0.1%~0.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到10~(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10~100 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10~(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%~16.67%,满足长庆低渗透油田表面活性剂驱油要求。该表面活性剂驱油体系已在长庆某油田现场得到应用,取得了明显的效果。     

渤海J油田SP复合驱驱油体系优化及调整方案研究

针对渤海J油田二元复合驱中后期出现的含水回升、聚窜等问题,结合海上聚合物注入工艺,优选出性能更好的二元体系,并模拟现场注入条件开展驱油实验.结果表明:优化二元体系相比目前使用体系可提高采收率2.57％.数值模拟结果表明,针对J油田二元复合驱中后期提出的差异化注入方式,相比单一质量浓度注入能够取得更好的效果,提高采收率8...     

改性烷醇酰胺类表面活性剂驱油体系研究

考察了改性烷醇酰胺阴-非离子表面活性剂（NBS）复合驱油体系的界面张力和驱油效果。实验表明,NBS的无碱二元驱油体系在较宽的表面活性剂及聚合物浓度范围内都具有较好的界面活性和稳定性。模拟驱油实验中,所选的NBS无碱二元驱油体系在水驱基础上可提高采收率18,73%以上,与相同条件下三元复合驱采收率相接近。此外,将NBS表面活性剂与现有重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）的三元复合体系进行复配后,可有效降低三元驱中强碱的使用浓度,且体系界面活性及稳定性等指标均满足油田要求。     

适用于高温高盐油藏的驱油用疏水缔合聚合物室内研究

针对油田高温高盐的油藏特点,设计并合成了含长链烷基疏水单体及磺化基团的阴离子型结构驱油用疏水缔合聚合物(HAP)。室内评价结果表明,该聚合物常温速溶、溶液均一性好;在90℃、180 000mg/L矿化度下具有优良的耐温抗盐性能、黏弹性及老化稳定性;流变及岩心注入均显示良好的抗剪切性能;在HAP聚合物溶液中通过添加胶束聚合用的表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(T),可以形成混合胶束,用来调节聚合物的缔合强度;渗流实验表明,该疏水缔合聚合物溶液注入性良好,并且具有较高的阻力系数和残余阻力系数,显示出较强的流度控制能力。驱油实验表明,采用聚合物-驱油表面活性剂段塞式注入可以提高采收率13%以上。以上评价结果显示该疏水缔合聚合物有望用于高温高盐油藏的流度控制,以聚合物/表面活性剂二元复合驱的形式驱油具有良好的提高采收率能力。     

表面活性剂驱油体系性能评价及应用

结合长庆油田低渗透非均质高矿化度的特点,对研发的表面活性剂驱油体系CQYH-1进行了基本性能评价,并考察了该体系的润湿反转能力和驱油能力。结果表明,0.1%⁰.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到100.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到10^(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10¹00 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10100 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10^(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%¹6.67%,满足长庆低渗透油田表面活性剂驱油要求。该表面活性剂驱油体系已在长庆某油田现场得到应用,取得了明显的效果。     

十四烷氧基甜菜碱/聚合物二元驱油实验研究

本文考察了以十四烷氧基甜菜碱为表面活性剂的一元和SP二元复合体系在大庆油田条件下的岩心驱油效果。所用岩心为环氧树脂胶结石英砂均质(变异系数0.73)人造岩心,规格30cm×4.5cm×4.5cm;模拟油为大庆第一采油厂脱水原油和煤油配制,粘度(45℃)为10mpa·s左右。岩心水驱含水98%后分别注入1.8 PV十四烷氧基甜菜碱一元体系和1.8PV十四烷氧基甜菜碱/聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺,分子量为1200¹600万)二元体系,十四烷氧基甜菜碱表面活性剂浓度为3000 mg/L;聚丙烯酰胺浓度为1500mg/L;十四烷氧基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂一元驱油提高采收率高达9.5%,与聚丙烯酰胺复配时,具有良好的复配性且复配后的驱油效果更好,其二元体系的采收率达到15.5%,较聚驱提高3.4%,满足表面活性剂和二元复合驱油的要求。     

低渗透油藏用P30超分子表面活性剂制备及评价

低渗透油藏因其独特的储层物性,油田用的二元复合驱油体系难以注入,采用阳离子型聚电解质聚烯丙基胺盐酸盐,阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠,制备了P30超分子表面活性剂体系,该体系具有聚合物的粘弹性以及表面活性剂的界面活性等性能,并对其相关性能进行评价。开展了R(CPAA-HCL-3L/CSDBS)为1.2、1.0、0.6、0.5、0.3的5组实验,实验研究表明,化学试剂R(CPAA-HCL-3L/CSDBS)=0.5时,体系表面张力最小,R(CPAA-HCL-3L/CSDBS),油水界面张力达到1.2×10-3m N·m-1,有较好的抗吸附性,乳化能力较强,粒径为660μm,间接证明,该体系可适用于低渗透油藏,对提高采收率的技术有一定的指导作用。     

三类油层二元复合驱提高采收率技术室内研究

随着油田的开发,三类油层的有效开发越来越重要,本文针对三类油层开展二元复合驱提高采收率技术研究优选适合的驱油体系配方。研究表明HLX表活剂浓度达0.05%以上时二元体系可达到超低界面张力,且界面张力稳定性可达到60d;油水比例为1∶1时,0.3%HLX表面活性剂二元体系乳化后7d析水率为93.2%;HLX表面活性剂浓度为0.2%和0.3%的二元体系吸附6次后仍能达到超低界面张力;HLX表面活性剂浓度为0.3%时,二元体系在水驱基础上可提高采收率15.31%。     

Adaptability of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide/mixed‐surfactant combination flooding system to the Shengli Chengdao oilfield

We investigated the performance of a combination flooding system composed of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) and a mixed surfactant [fatty acid disulfonate anionic gemini surfactant (DMES) plus the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 (TX‐100)] under the reservoir conditions of the Shengli Chengdao oilfield. With 1800 mg/L HAPAM and 300–3000 mg/L mixed surfactant, the surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding system reached an ultralow oil–water interfacial tension, and the viscosity of the system was greater than 40 mPa s. After the solution was aged for 120 days, its viscosity was still more than 40 mPa s; this indicated a good aging stability. The core flooding experiments with different porous media permeabilities showed that the SP flooding system created a higher resistance factor and residual resistance factor. In addition, the indoor flooding experiments indicated that the SP combination flooding system increased the enhanced oil recovery by more than 30% over that of the original oil in place compared with the water flooding system. Therefore, it was feasible to use an SP flooding system in the Chengdao oilfield. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40390.     

Research on Oleic Acid Amide Betaine Used in Surfactant-Polymer Compound Flooding for Ordinary Heavy Oil

In view of the low recovery rate associated with water flooding, as well as the scaling problems caused by traditional alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding, the feasibility of using a betaine surfactant with high interfacial activity for chemical flooding of ordinary heavy oil was investigated. Aqueous solutions of oleic acid amide betaine (OAAB) with the mass concentration of 0.01% can reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to the ultralow level (10⁻³ mN m⁻¹), making it suitable for chemical flooding. To solve the problem of high adsorption onto sandstone, static adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption tests were carried out. The results show that the weakly alkaline lignin can significantly reduce the adsorption quantity of OAAB by more than 40%, based on which, a compound-flooding system of 0.1% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) + 0.1% OAAB +0.75% lignin was constructed. Compared with water flooding, the ultimate rate was enhanced by 20.4%, resulting in a final recovery rate of 53.9%. The study of oil displacement mechanism shows that the excellent ability to reduce the oil–water interfacial tension of OAAB can emulsify heavy oil to small droplets easily, exhibiting better capacity in oil displacement efficiency. The polymer can increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase, reduce the mobility ratio of water to oil, weaken the fingering effect, and improve the sweep efficiency. Lignin can not only reduce the adsorption quantity of betaine surfactant, but also promote the adsorption of OAAB onto the oil–water interface, leading to enhance the emulsification performance of OAAB and maintain the oil displacement efficiency effectively. Therefore, the surfactant-polymer flooding system based on the betaine surfactant can be developed into an economically and technically feasible flooding technology suitable for ordinary heavy oil reservoirs.     

不同浓度二元复合体系对驱油效果的影响

近年来,水驱开发效果较差。油藏一般采取"调驱+水驱"方式取得了较好增油降水效果,但也存在药剂费用投入较高和配注工艺复杂等问题。对于强碱或者弱碱三元的复合体系中普遍存在采出液乳化和结垢的问题,优先选用聚合物和表面活性剂复合而成的二元体系,并采用室内物理模拟的方法,对比不同浓度聚/表二元体系的界面张力、黏度、驱油效果进行研究,发现聚/表二元体系可以实现超低界面张力的要求,而且聚/表二元体系的黏度也比较大,通过室内非均质岩心物理模拟实验研究,表明不同浓度的聚/表二元体系对驱油效果的影响效果差异较大。     

Effect of micro-aggregation behavior on the salt tolerance of polymer solutions

Polymer solution for oil displacement is mostly used in the middle and late stage of water flooding reservoir development, and reservoir groundwater conditions are often one of the main conditions restricting polymer application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop salt tolerance of polymer solutions with different aggregation behaviors, so as to facilitate the synthesis and optimization of suitable polymer systems. The differences in the micro-aggregation behavior of three polymers with different molecular structures were explored. On this basis, the effects of divalent metal cations on the properties of the polymer solutions were analyzed by assessing the micro-aggregation behavior, apparent viscosity, hydrodynamic size, and shear rheological characteristics. The results showed that the linear partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was seriously affected by divalent cations, and the viscosity decreased obviously. The aggregation behavior of the polymer changed by hydrophobic association can enhance the salt tolerance of the solution. The hydrophobically modified partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HMPAM) with “chain beam” aggregation behavior has strong intermolecular connection, which enables it to withstand the content of calcium and magnesium ions of 1100 mg l⁻¹. When the content of calcium and magnesium ions exceeds 600 mg l⁻¹, dendritic hydrophobically associating polymer (DHAP) will destroy the interaction between molecular chains, resulting in the decrease of apparent viscosity and hydrodynamic size. For polymer flooding in high-salinity reservoir, salt tolerant polymer system can be constructed by optimizing molecular weight and hydrophobic group content.     

非离子氟碳表面活性剂与重烷基苯磺酸钠复配驱油剂的研究

研究了氟碳intechem-01表面活性剂(FC-01)/重烷基苯磺酸钠(HABS)复配驱油体系的性能,以金属筛网洗油率和静态驱油率、界面张力、与注入水和模拟地层水的配伍性为考察指标。结果表明,复配体系的最佳配比为氟碳intechem-01表面活性剂浓度为0.08%,重烷基苯磺酸钠质量浓度为0.10%,碳酸钠质量浓度为0.20%,碳酸氢钠质量浓度为0.20%。复配体系与定边油田的原油形成较低界面张力,驱油率显著提高,且与定边油田采油注入水和模拟地层水有良好的配伍性。     

新型两性表面活性剂的驱油体系界面特性变化规律研究

随着三次采油技术的不断发展,复合体系的表面活性性能和含量是在提高采收率技术研究中日趋重要。本文针对新型两性表面活性剂一元及聚合物/表面活性剂二元体系同油的界面特性展开了研究。结果表明：一元体系中表面活性剂质量浓度越高,界面张力达到稳定所需时间越短;随着体系中表面活性剂质量浓度的增加,稳定界面张力值越低。聚合物对两性表面活性剂同模拟油之间的界面张力有影响,且有利于体系同模拟油间的界面张力的降低;但界面张力并不是随着聚合物质量浓度的增加一直单纯降低,当质量浓度为1.0g/L时界面张力最低。     

疏水缔合聚合物在搅拌槽中的溶解特性

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by means of polymer flooding is an important technology for the strategic development of offshore oilfields in China. Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) has been recently proposed as a new flooding agent. The solubility of HAPAM is low, which is the bottleneck for further improving the oil recovery through polymer flooding in offshore oilfield. Stirred tanks have been used on offshore platforms to enhance HAPAM dissolving. But there is little literature on the study of HAPAM dissolving characteristics in stirred tanks. In this paper, effects of temperature, salinity, stirring speed, impeller type and stirring method on the dissolution of HAPAM are reported. The experimental results manifest that the dissolving rate of HAPAM increases with temperature and stirring speed, but the viscosity of the polymer solution decreases. There is an optimal range of salinity for polymer dissolving. Combining the operation mode of up-pumping with varying stirring speed, hydrofoil impeller can accelerate the dissolution of HAPAM and maintain a high solution viscosity.     

三次采油用聚合物驱油剂PL-2的合成与溶液性能研究

采用胶束聚合的方法合成了三次采油用聚合物PL-2,室内研究了表面活性剂的浓度、疏水单体、阴离子单体含量以及在盐水中聚合物溶液表观粘度的影响,并进一步评价了合成聚合物的抗剪切性与热稳定性。实验结果表明:疏水单体与阴离子单体含量分别在0.6%与10%时,该聚合物驱油剂PL-2具有很好的增粘效果,且抗剪切及热稳定性能优良,其性能可以满足高温、高矿化度油藏聚合物驱油的要求。     

化学驱提高辽河油田原油采收率研究

针对辽河油田区块的油藏条件,在室内进行了无碱二元驱和弱碱三元驱提高原油采收率的研究。对3种表面活性剂SL-YD、HL-1、BH进行了筛选,优选出了对该地层原油具有最佳降低界面张力效果的表面活性剂SLYD和HL-1;然后与聚合物PAM复配,组成二元体系,最佳配方为0.16%PAM+0.20%SL-YD;最后筛选得出了弱碱三元体系0.16%PAM+0.15%SL-YD+0.30%Na2CO3。室内实验表明,无碱二元体系和弱碱三元体系可以使油水界面张力降到10-3mN/m以下,可以大幅度提高原油的采收率,增幅超过10%。     

新型疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及溶液性能研究

以四甲基乙二胺分别与溴代正十四烷/溴代正十六烷反应得到单季铵盐,再与溴丙烯反应即得到2种新型疏水单体十四烷基烯丙基二溴化四甲基乙二铵(C14PDBTMN)和十六烷基烯丙基二溴化四甲基乙二铵(C16PDBTMN)。用1HNMR和IR对单体结构进行表征,结果表明为目标化合物。以C16PDBTMN为功能性单体,和丙烯酰胺进行共聚得到新型疏水缔合物P(C16PDBTMN/AM),研究表明,新型疏水缔合物具有其独特的抗盐、抗剪切性能。