高固含量苯丙微乳液的制备与性能研究

以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为共聚单体,丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体,反应型乳化剂(DNS-86)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和壬基酚醚磺基琥珀酸酯钠盐(OS)为复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法制备了粒径小、耐水性好且固含量为50%的苯丙微乳液。研究结果表明:当w(引发剂)=0.7%、m(MMA+St)∶m(BA)∶m(AA)=5.0∶4.7∶0.3、w(St)=15%~25%、m(DNS-86)∶m(SDS+OS)=3∶2且w(复合乳化剂)=5%时,高固含量苯丙微乳液的综合性能良好。     

丙烯酸酯乳液型压敏胶的聚合稳定性研究

以丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸-2-羟基丙基酯(HPA)、β-羧乙基丙烯酸酯(β-CEA)和苯乙烯(St)为共聚单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)为缓冲剂,DNS-458(铵盐型阴离子乳化剂)/OP-10(普通非离子乳化剂)为复合乳化剂,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法合成了丙烯酸酯乳液型PSA(压敏胶)。研究了单体、乳化剂、引发剂及缓冲剂等对乳液聚合稳定性的影响。结果表明:共聚单体对乳液聚合稳定性的影响依次为β-CEABA≈HPASt,β-CEA单体对聚合稳定性影响最显著;当w(APS)=0.6%、w(NaHCO3)≥0.3%、复合乳化剂中m(DNS-458)∶m(OP-10)=1∶1且w(DNS-458+OP-10)=0.5%时,乳液的聚合稳定性相对较好。     

水性上光油用苯丙共聚乳液的合成及性能表征

以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为共聚单体,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,采用半连续加料的乳液聚合法合成出一种水性上光油用苯丙共聚乳液。考察了玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、引发剂和乳化剂含量等对该乳液单体转化率、平均粒径、黏度和表干时间等影响,并对该乳液的热稳定性能进行了研究。结果表明:当w(引发剂)=0.6%、w(复合乳化剂)=1.2%和m(MAH)∶m(BA)∶m(St)=4.6∶36.3∶50.5时,该乳液具有良好的综合性能,完全满足水性上光油的使用要求,并且可在高温环境中使用。     

中空聚合物乳液的制备及其性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯腈(AN)和苯乙烯(St)为共聚单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和非离子型乳化剂(OP-10)为阴/非离子型复合乳化剂,采用种子乳液聚合法和碱溶胀后处理法制备了P(MMA/AA/BA)为核、P(St/AA/AN)为壳的纸张施胶用中空聚合物乳液。研究结果表明:当w(引发剂)=0.80%、m(SDS)∶m(OP-10)=2∶1和w(乳化剂)=1.5%时,中空乳液的综合性能较好,其单体转化率较高、乳液黏度适中、粒径较小且分布较窄。     

VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为原料、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为改性单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(MS-1)为新型乳化剂体系,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂配比及用量、单体及种子单体用量对乳液性能的影响,并采用FT-IR对其结构进行表征。研究结果表明,当m(VAc)∶m(BA)∶m(AA)∶m(APS)∶m(OP-10)∶m(MS-1)=83∶14∶3∶0.4∶1.25∶0.25、w(种子单体)=17%(相对于总单体而言)时,乳液的综合性能最佳。     

MMA-St-BA-AA共聚乳液的制备工艺条件研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主单体,丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体,SDS/OP-10为复合乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用单体预乳化、种子乳液聚合的方法制备丙烯酸酯乳液。系统地研究了乳化剂的用量及配比、引发剂用量、单体用量及配比对乳液聚合过程和乳液性能的影响。结果表明,在复合乳化剂用量为2%~4%,SDS/OP-10配比为1∶2~1∶1,引发剂用量为0.2%~0.4%,AA用量为1%~2%,主单体总量为40%,软硬单体质量比为1∶1时,聚合反应的稳定性及乳液性能良好。     

瓦楞纸浆内施胶用苯丙乳液的制备及应用

以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)为混合单体,十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,制备了苯丙乳液.结果表明,当m(St):m(MMA):m(BA):m(AA)=9∶26∶61∶4,复合乳化剂用量为单体总质量的3％,引发剂用量为单体总质量的0.6％时能够得到乳液粒径较小,稳定性较好的乳液.将制备的一系列乳液应用于瓦楞纸的抄纸试验,并讨论了苯丙乳液各影响因素对纸张性能的影响.     

核壳型苯丙乳液的制备

用种子乳液和预乳化工艺,以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸(AA)为单体,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为混合乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,制备了具有核壳结构的苯丙乳液。探讨了乳化剂、引发剂、丙烯酸对乳液性能的影响。合适的反应条件为:MMA∶BA∶St∶AA=14∶25∶16∶2,乳化剂用量为3.2%,引发剂用量0.35%~0.42%,温度80℃。     

MMA-St-BA-AA共聚乳液的制备工艺条件研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主单体,丙烯酸(AA)为功能单体,SDS/OP-10为复合乳化剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用单体预乳化、种子乳液聚合的方法制备丙烯酸酯乳液。系统地研究了乳化剂的用量及配比、引发剂用量、单体用量及配比对乳液聚合过程和乳液性能的影响。结果表明,在复合乳化剂用量为2%⁴%,SDS/OP-10配比为1∶24%,SDS/OP-10配比为1∶2¹∶1,引发剂用量为0.2%1∶1,引发剂用量为0.2%⁰.4%,AA用量为1%0.4%,AA用量为1%²%,主单体总量为40%,软硬单体质量比为1∶1时,聚合反应的稳定性及乳液性能良好。     

聚合条件对丙烯酸酯微乳液粒径及其分布的影响

以烯丙氧基壬基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚硫酸铵(DNS-86)为阴离子型反应性乳化剂、过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,制备丙烯酸酯微乳液。研究了聚合工艺、乳化剂、引发剂和单体等对微乳液的粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明:随着DNS-86、KPS用量的不断增加,乳胶粒的粒径逐渐减小,但过多加入KPS时会导致乳胶粒的粒径增大;乳胶粒的粒径均呈双峰分布,并且双峰随单体用量增加均向大粒径方向偏移;当w(DNS-86)=11%、w(KPS)=0.5%和m(单体)∶m(水)=6∶14时,采用种子预乳化半连续聚合法,可以制备出粒径小(平均粒径为39 nm)、分布窄(粒径分布指数为0.202)的丙烯酸酯微乳液。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows