The chemical-enzymatic preparation and resolution of β-naphthyl alcohol

通过化学-酶相耦合的方法,成功制备出e.e.值>99%的S-β-萘乙醇,使其光学纯度达到了制备R-2-萘乙胺的要求。研究中以β-萘乙酮为原料,经硼氢化钠还原得到外消旋的β-萘乙醇。经过酶催化动力学拆分,β-萘乙醇中R型底物100%全转化为酯,S构型底物型被保留,这样体系中S构型底物的e.e.值达到近100%。本文还考察了若干因素对酶催化动力学拆分过程的影响,并最终确定了酶催化动力学拆分β-萘乙醇制备S-β-萘乙醇的最适条件：反应温度45 ℃,溶液为甲苯,底物浓度为100 mmol/L。     

气相色谱内标法测定O,O-二甲基硫代磷酰胺含量

建立了以苯甲酸乙酯为内标物,气相色谱内标法定量测定O,O-二甲基硫代磷酰胺含量的新方法。线性回归方程y=0.6837x+0.0186,相关系数r为0.9994,加标回收率达到96.28％,相对标准偏差为1.09％。该方法简便、准确、可靠,适用于O,O-二甲基硫代磷酰胺的质量检验。     

Preparation of high purity methylal by extractive distillation using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent

通过溶剂选择原理粗选出萃取精馏制备甲缩醛产品的溶剂,既而通过Chemcad软件模拟和汽液平衡实验确定合适的溶剂及溶剂比。结果表明,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）能够消除甲缩醛-甲醇共沸物系的共沸点;采用UNIQUAC模型对常压下甲缩醛-甲醇物系和加入溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的汽液平衡进行模拟,模拟结果和实验数据吻合较好。用间歇萃取精馏实验对甲缩醛粗品进行了分离,在实验条件下,可以从塔顶得到质量浓度为99.9%的高纯度甲缩醛产品。     

活性炭负载磷钼酸催化α-蒎烯甲氧基化反应

采用简单浸渍法制备了一系列不同负载量的活性炭负载磷钼酸（PMA/C）催化剂,运用FTIR、XRD、BET及TG进行了PMA/C催化剂的表征。研究了PMA/C催化α-蒎烯的甲氧基化反应,反应主要得到加成产物α-松油基甲醚（TME）和α-蒎烯异构产物。以TME产率为指标,考察了PMA相似文献   

含呋喃基双酚-双(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)呋喃甲烷的合成与表征

以2,6-二甲基苯酚和糠醛为原料,氢氧化钠为催化剂,经缩合反应合成了双（4羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基）呋喃甲烷。研究了各因素对反应收率的影响规律,选择反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间为主要影响因素进行了正交实验。实验得出优化后反应条件为：n(2,6-二甲基苯酚)∶n(糠醛)=2.2∶1,n(2,6-二甲基苯酚)∶n(氢氧化钠)= 1∶0.11,反应温度为65?℃,反应时间为5?h。在较优条件下进行实验,所得产物收率为61.7%。采用FTIR、¹HNMR和MS表征确定了产物结构,并测得其熔点为151.1?℃,纯度为99.52%。     

混合介质中羟乙基纤维素的阳离子化反应

在乙醇（Et.）和异丙醇（iPA）混合介质中,采用3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CTA）为醚化剂进行了羟乙基纤维素（HEC）的活化-阳离子化反应,对影响产物阳离子化取代度（Cds）和阳离子化效率（Cre）的因素进行了研究,并采用¹H NMR对产物的结构进行确认。结果表明,按m(HEC)∶m(Et.)∶m(iPA)∶m(25%NaOH)∶m(69%CTA)∶m(Ea)= 20∶20∶70∶13∶15∶8的配比,25 ℃时用胺碱活化30 min,60 ℃恒温反应4 h,产物的Cds为0.50,Cre达到75%。     

O,O-双十二酰化-三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐/胆固醇混合单分子膜性质

制备了O,O-双十二酰化-N,N,N-三甲基壳聚糖季铵盐（DATMC）,用FTIR、EA和¹H NMR对产物进行表征,并研究其与胆固醇（CH）的混合单分子膜性质。结果表明：DATMC在氯仿、THF和DMF中具有良好的溶解性。随着胆固醇含量的增加,DATMC /CH混合分子膜的崩溃压和极限分子占据面积均减小;在任何膜压下,体系的超额自由能ΔG_exc< 0,说明DATMC与CH二者处于混溶状态。并且X_CH=0.8时,ΔG_exc最小,此时相容性最好,体系最稳定。实验结果表明,调整胆固醇的含量可以改变混合单分子膜的性质。     

水力式流浆箱稳流室的数值研究

流浆箱是造纸机上非常关键的设备,纸页的成形质量很大程度上取决于流浆箱的性能。水力式流浆箱采用稳流室作为浆料匀整装置,利用淹没射流原理,使流浆箱内的浆流具有均匀的速度剖面。稳流室长度是稳流室的一个非常重要的参数。基于可实现k-ε湍流模型,运用Fluent求解水力式流浆箱稳流室内的流场参数,利用PIV测量技术对数值模拟结果进行验证,测量结果与数值模拟结果吻合良好。利用统计学原理计算出稳流室各横截面上的速度均方差,并以速度均方差值的变化趋势来判断稳流室内浆流速度是否达到均匀,对于不同布浆管束直径d和浆料入射速度v,计算出稳流室内浆流达到均匀分布所要求的长度L,结果表明L值随着布浆管束的直径增加和入射速度的提高而增大,并且二者分别符合一次函数关系。利用二元函数拟合得出L值与d和v之间的关系式,该式可作为水力式流浆箱稳流室的设计参考。     

含硼非均相体系中纤维素阳离子化反应的优化

在含有硼化合物（BC）的异丙醇（iPA）-H₂O非均相体系中,以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（CTA）为醚化剂,对棉短绒纤维素（Cel.）进行阳离子化反应。采用正交实验确定了影响阳离子纤维素取代度（DS）的因素,并对反应进行了优化,并采用¹H-NMR对产物的结构进行了确认。结果表明,按m(Cel.)∶m(iPAⅠ)∶m(iPAⅡ)∶m(30% NaOH)∶m(50% CTA)∶m(BC)= 100∶1000∶400∶296∶696∶20的配比,室温25 ℃活化处理60 min,50 ℃恒温反应4 h,产物取代度DS达到0.54。     

脱碳MEA/叔胺的性能

应用于工业烟气的CO₂吸收剂以一乙醇胺（MEA）为主,改进MEA使其成为更高效的吸收剂是吸收脱CO₂的关键之一。本文对相同浓度的MEA和3种不同结构的叔胺：即N,N-二乙基乙醇胺（DEAE）、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺（DMAE）和N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）水溶液,以及MEA与这3种叔胺的混胺水溶液（MEA/叔胺）对CO₂的吸收和再生性能开展了实验研究,以期达到改进MEA性能的目的。结果表明,叔胺与MEA的吸收行为完全不同;MEA吸收性能好,叔胺再生性能强。MEA/多胺的吸收初期速率下降,但是再生量和再生率都较MEA高。叔胺与MEA在吸收和再生过程中都存在交互作用,交互作用与叔胺种类及吸收时间有关,其中MDEA与MEA之间的协同作用最强。     

脂肪酶动力学拆分薄荷醇的研究进展

从脂肪酶拆分薄荷醇的转酯化、水解反应的工艺和影响因素等方面,分析了脂肪酶动力学拆分过程的转酯化和水解反应的催化路径与特点,指出了脂肪酶拆分薄荷醇的最佳路径和工艺选择. 综述了近10年来脂肪酶拆分制备工业重要的手性香料l-薄荷醇的研究进展,特别综述了具有工业化前景的脂肪酶催化拆分和单元操作工艺的研究进展. 同时展望了未来脂肪酶拆分薄荷醇的研究方向.     

CO2-assisted fiber impregnation

Near-critical and supercritical CO₂ is used to facilitate the impregnation of additives, vanillin and l-menthol, into cellulose acetate (CA). SCF technology applied at low pressures is a viable approach for this application since CO₂ only has to dissolve low molecular weight compounds and not the CA fiber. Hence, impregnation operating temperatures are kept under 60 °C and optimum operating pressures are less than 2000 psig and are typically closer to 1250 psig. The optimum operating conditions are intimately linked to the mass transfer and phase behavior characteristics of polymer-CO₂, polymer-additive, and additive-CO₂ mixtures. It is possible to impregnate up to ∼10 wt% vanillin or l-menthol into CA fiber as verified by gravimetric, TGA, and TGA/MS analyses. SEM analysis of the CA fiber shows that the fiber does not undergo structural changes during this impregnation process even when the fiber is rapidly depressurized. At atmospheric conditions, the additives are in solid form in the CA fiber and slowly diffuse from the fiber at a rate fixed by solid diffusion from a semi-crystalline polymer matrix. Hence, a significant amount of additive is still present in the fiber after one month.     

左旋薄荷醇合成技术的进展

薄荷醇是一种用途很广的环状单萜烯醇 ,其合成原料有天然旋光性化合物和非旋光的石油化学品。讨论了薄荷醇的几种合成方法 ,提出了利用异戊二烯为原料合成薄荷醇是今后生产薄荷醇的主要路线     

In vitro control of post-harvest fruit rot fungi by some plant essential oil components

Eight substances that are main components of the essential oils from three Mediterranean aromatic plants (Verbena officinalis, Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare), previously found active against some phytopathogenic Fungi and Stramenopila, have been tested in vitro against five etiological agents of post-harvest fruit decay, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum, P. expansum, Phytophthora citrophthora and Rhizopus stolonifer. The tested compounds were β-fellandrene, β-pinene, camphene, carvacrol, citral, o-cymene, γ-terpinene and thymol. Citral exhibited a fungicidal action against P. citrophthora; carvacrol and thymol showed a fungistatic activity against P. citrophthora and R. stolonifer. Citral and carvacrol at 250 ppm, and thymol at 150 and 250 ppm stopped the growth of B. cinerea. Moreover, thymol showed fungistatic and fungicidal action against P. italicum. Finally, the mycelium growth of P. expansum was inhibited in the presence of 250 ppm of thymol and carvacrol. These results represent an important step toward the goal to use some essential oils or their components as natural preservatives for fruits and foodstuffs, due to their safety for consumer healthy and positive effect on shelf life extension of agricultural fresh products.     

Catalytic ozonation of thymol in reverse osmosis concentrate with core/shell Fe3O4@SiO2@Yb2O3 catalyst:Parameter optimization and degradation pathway

In this work, a novel catalyst of Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3 was prepared and the degradation of thymol in reverse osmosis concentrate using ozonation was explored. The operational parameters, such as ozone dosage(8–48 mg·min~(-1)),initial thymol concentration(20–100 mg·L~(-1)), initial pH value(3–11), and catalyst Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3dosage(0.2–1.0 g), were studied focusing on the thymol degradation and COD removal. The results indicated that the increase in ozone dosage, initial p H value, and Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@Yb_2O_3dosage accelerated the thymol degradation and COD removal, while the increase in initial thymol concentration hampered the effect of ozonation. A pathway of thymol degradation by catalytic ozonation was proposed based on the intermediates detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and ion chromatography. This paper can provide basic data and technical alternative for pollutant removal from reverse osmosis concentrate by ozonation.     

Near critical and supercritical impregnation and kinetic release of thymol in LLDPE films used for food packaging

The impregnation of organic compounds in polymeric materials using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) is a well-known technique, which is currently used in drug/polymer formulation. In this work, near critical and supercritical impregnation of thymol in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films was done in order to develop a new technique for preparation of active polymers to be used as food packages. The properties of thymol as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agent have motivated this study about the assessment of its migration from the polymer to different food simulant. Impregnation assays of thymol in LLDPE films were done in a high-pressure cell, where pure thymol was solubilized in supercritical carbon dioxide at 313 K and pressures varying from 7 to 12 MPa. This procedure allowed the preparation of plastic films with thymol concentrations ranged between 5100 and 13,200 ppm. Migration tests showed that the pressure applied during the impregnation procedure is a key parameter that affects the content of the active compound into the polymer, since thymol solubility in scCO₂ and absorption phenomena in the polymer increased with the pressure. The correlation between experimental data and a phenomenological transfer model allowed the estimation of the diffusion coefficient of thymol in LLDPE, which was ranged from 7.5 × 10⁻¹³ to 3.0 × 10⁻¹² m² s⁻¹.     

丹皮酚及百里酚磺酸酯类衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

[目的]寻找较高抑菌活性的酚类化合物。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法测试了丹皮酚和百里酚磺酸酯类衍生物的抑菌活性。[结果]在50 mg/L时,丹皮酚(1)衍生物4a~4n对供试病原菌表现出较好的抑制活性,部分表现出比阳性对照百菌清更高的抑制活性。而百里酚(2)衍生物5a~5n抑菌活性较低,酚羟基对于百里酚维持其高的抑菌活性十分关键。[结论]同属于酚类化合物,但酚羟基对于丹皮酚和百里酚抑菌活性的影响却大不相同,该研究为开发高效、低毒的新型杀菌剂提供理论参考。     

Synthesis and polymerization of unsaturated derivatives of thymol

Summary The preparation of methacrylic and p-styrenesulfonic acid esters of the antibacterial agent thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) and their characterization by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy is described. The monomers are radically polymerizable and give polymers in which thymol is covalently attached to the polymer backbone by ester links.     

Energy-Dependent Endocytosis Is Responsible for Skin Penetration of Formulations Based on a Combination of Indomethacin Nanoparticles and l-Menthol in Rat and Göttingen Minipig

We previously designed a Carbopol gel formulation (N-IND/MEN) based on a combination of indomethacin solid nanoparticles (IND-NPs) and l-menthol, and we reported that the N-IND/MEN showed high transdermal penetration. However, the detailed mechanism for transdermal penetration of IND-NPs was not clearly defined. In this study, we investigated whether endocytosis in the skin tissue of rat and Göttingen minipig is related to the transdermal penetration of IND-NPs using pharmacological inhibitors of endocytosis. The pharmacological inhibitors used in this study are as follows: 54 µM nystatin, a caveolae-mediated endocytosis (CavME) inhibitor; 40 µM dynasore, a clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) inhibitor; and 2 µM rottlerin, a micropinocytosis (MP) inhibitor. The N-IND/MEN was prepared by a bead mill method, and the particle size of solid indomethacin was 79–216 nm. In both rat and Göttingen minipig skin, skin penetration of approximately 80% IND-NPs was limited by the stratum corneum (SC), although the penetration of SC was improved by the combination of l-menthol. On the other hand, the treatment of nystatin and dynasore decreased the transdermal penetration of indomethacin in rats and Göttingen minipigs treated with N-IND/MEN. Moreover, in addition to nystatin and dynasore, rottlerin attenuated the transdermal penetration of IND-NPs in the Göttingen minipigs’ skin. In conclusion, we found that l-menthol enhanced the SC penetration of IND-NPs. In addition, this study suggests that the SC-passed IND-NPs are absorbed into the skin tissue by energy-dependent endocytosis (CavME, CME, and/or MP pathways) on the epidermis under the SC, resulting in an enhancement in transdermal penetration of IND-NPs. These findings provide significant information for the design of nanomedicines in transdermal formulations.     

麝香草酚和二磺酸酚分光光度法测定NO-3-N的比较

文章对两种测定NO3^-－N的方法从灵敏度、去Cl^-、NO2^-的干扰能力及实际操作作了比较，并提出了用麝香草酚测定NO3^--N应注意事项。