银叶树果壳制备活性炭及其性能研究

以氯化锌作为活化剂制备银叶树果壳活性炭,分别考察了活化温度、活化剂浓度、料液比、活化时间对活性炭产品亚甲基蓝脱色率的影响。通过正交试验优化,得出在最佳制备工艺为,温度400℃,ZnCl_2浓度500 g/L,料液比1∶3(g/m L),活化时间60 min,所得成品亚甲基蓝脱色率达到97.06%,碘吸附值达到1 018.85 mg/g,苯酚吸附值达到802.66 mg/g,脱色、吸附性能优良,符合商品活性炭标准。     

以稻壳为原料制备活性炭研究

本文以稻壳为原料制备粉末活性炭，对其进行了亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值的测试。采用NaOH为活化剂制备稻壳活性炭，考察了炭化温度、炭化时间、活化温度、活化时间以及碱浓度对制备活性炭的影响。研究表明：稻壳制备活性炭的最佳工艺条件为：稻壳在700℃的条件下炭化5h，与2．5mol／L的NaOH溶液混合，采用先低温（400℃）预处理再高温（700℃）活化1.5h，制备的稻壳活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为250mg／g和726mg／g。     

磷酸活化废弃稻壳制备活性炭的研究

采用H3PO4为活化剂、稻壳为原料,通过微波和马弗炉两种方法制备活性炭。详细考察了浸渍时间、料液比、活化剂浓度、微波功率或活化温度、以及活化时间的影响。结果显示,在磷酸浓度35%、料液质量比1∶4、浸渍时间3 h的条件下,采用400 W微波功率辐射8 min,制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值达到232 mg/g,若采用马弗炉600℃焙烧10 min,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值达到226 mg/g。     

磷酸活化废弃稻壳制备活性炭的研究

采用H3 PO4为活化剂、稻壳为原料,通过微波和马弗炉两种方法制备活性炭。详细考察了浸渍时间、料液比、活化剂浓度、微波功率或活化温度、以及活化时间的影响。结果显示,在磷酸浓度35％、料液质量比1：4、浸渍时间3 h的条件下,采用400 W微波功率辐射8 min,制备的活性炭亚甲基蓝吸附值达到232 mg/g,若采用马弗炉600℃焙烧10 min,活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值达到226 mg/g。     

微波加热化学活化法制备活性炭的优化工艺研究

研究了微波加热条件下碳酸钾活化制备活性炭的工艺流程。以碳酸钾为活化剂,微波为热源,采用正交试验,研究了浸渍时间、活化剂浓度、微波功率、微波加热时间对活性炭产品性能碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值、得率的影响规律,得到了最佳工艺条件,即微波功率600 W、微波加热时间6 min、碳酸钾浓度0.20 g/mL、浸渍时间24 h。制得活性炭的碘吸附值可达1189.68 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值190 mL/g、得率29.48%,在该工艺条件下,制备的活性炭试样比表面积为1186.10 m²/g,总孔容积0.624 cm³/g,微孔容积0.407 cm³/g,吸附性能较国家标准有所提高。     

水稻秸秆制备活性炭吸附剂工艺研究

以水稻秸秆为原料、氢氧化钠为活化剂制备活性炭。结果表明水稻秸杆活性炭的最佳工艺条件:碱碳比为2∶1,活化时间为60 min,活化温度为600℃,碳化温度为350℃,在此工艺条件下制备的水稻秸秆活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和碘吸附值分别为29.2 mL/0.1 g和1 706.98 mg/g,制备出的活性炭吸附剂质量指标接近水质净化用活性炭标准。     

竹质活性炭的真空化学法制备及吸附性能研究

以竹质生物质为原料、ZnCl2为活化剂,对其进行真空化学活化。探讨了浸渍比(活化剂和竹粉的质量比)、浸渍时间、活化温度、活化时间等因素对活性炭产物吸附性能的影响。结果表明,真空条件下以ZnCl2为活化剂制备的竹质活性炭碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值较大,分别为1314.04 mg/g、321.07 mg/g;最佳工艺条件为:浸渍比150%,浸渍时间24 h,活化温度为600℃,活化时间为60 min。     

KOH活化芒果核制备活性炭及其吸附性能研究

以芒果核为原料,氢氧化钾溶液为活化剂制备芒果核基活性炭。结果表明,芒果核基活性炭的最佳制备工艺条件为:活化剂氢氧化钾溶液浓度2 mol/L,活化时间80 min、活化温度600℃、碳化温度350℃,在此工艺条件下制备的芒果核活性炭的碘吸附值和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为1 489.26和193.71 mg/g。芒果核活性炭吸附剂对重金属Cd~(2+)和Cu~(2+)具有一定的吸附能力,其饱和吸附量分别为26.15和38.25 mg/g。采用扫描电镜对产品的表面形态进行分析,发现其具有丰富的不规则孔隙结构。     

复合活化剂制备稻壳活性炭影响因素及特性

以稻壳为原料,ZnCl₂-CuCl₂为复合活化剂,制备稻壳活性炭,并以BET比表面积和吸附性能为指标,通过正交试验对制备的工艺条件进行优化,并对制得的稻壳活性炭采用氮气吸附等温线、X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征。结果表明,稻壳可以被制得大比表面积活性炭。影响活性炭比表面积和吸附性能最重要的因素是氯化锌浓度和活化温度,最佳制备工艺条件是氯化锌浓度5 mol/L,氯化铜浓度 0.4 mol/L,活化温度500 ℃,活化时间2 h。该条件下制得的稻壳活性炭比表面积为1 924 m²/g,碘吸附值为1 041 mg/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值为 188 mg/g。     

微波法制备花生壳活性炭的研究

研究以花生壳为原料、以Zn Cl2为活化剂,采用微波加热碳化法制备了花生壳活性炭,探讨了活化剂浓度、浸渍时间、微波功率及活化时间等因素对花生壳活性炭制品对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的影响,并通过正交实验优化了工艺参数。结果表明:微波功率为最主要因素,活化剂浓度为次要因素;实验条件下最佳工艺参数活化剂Zn Cl2浓度为40%、浸渍时间为36 h、微波加热功率为600 W、活化时间为7. 5min时,花生壳活性炭的吸附率较好,对亚甲基蓝的吸附率达到94. 8%。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。