不同杀菌剂对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防治效果比较

[目的]筛选出对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病有效的防治药剂。[方法]在小麦扬花初期进行田间喷雾处理,测定不同杀菌剂及组合物对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防治效果。[结果]17%吡唑·氟环唑SE、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP和430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC喷雾处理对小麦叶锈病防效分别为88.52%、76.01%、71.68%和67.20%;430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC和430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP喷雾处理对小麦赤霉病防效分别为82.80%和79.07%。[结论]430 g/L戊唑醇SC+25%氰烯菌酯SC以及430 g/L戊唑醇SC+50%多菌灵WP的处理对小麦叶锈病和赤霉病的防效均较好。     

浙江省新昌茶叶灰斑病的敏感性测定及田间药效

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验筛选出对茶叶灰斑病具有良好抑制效果的杀菌剂。[方法]采用生长速率法进行了药剂敏感性测定,并对茶叶灰斑病高度敏感的药剂进行了田间药效试验。[结果]室内药剂敏感性测定结果表明:45%咪鲜胺EC、38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG、250 g/L丙环唑EC、65%代森锌WP、70%甲基硫菌灵WP、250g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、42.8%氟菌·肟菌脂SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、25 g/L咯菌腈SD、10%己唑醇SC、325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC和500 g/L异菌脲WP对茶叶灰斑病菌丝生长的抑制效果很好(EC501 mg/L)。田间药效结果表明:45%咪鲜胺EC、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、250 g/L丙环唑EC、30%嘧菌脂SC和50%异菌脲WP对茶叶灰斑病均有较好的防效。[结论] 45%咪鲜胺EC、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC和50%异菌脲WP均为高效药剂,可生产上推荐使用;为减缓抗药性产生,宜交替使用。     

不同药剂防治茄子、黄瓜白粉病药效试验

选用5种药剂对棚栽茄子和黄瓜白粉病进行药效试验。结果表明:不同药剂对茄子白粉病的防效明显优于对黄瓜白粉病的防效;对茄子白粉病,除250 g/L嘧菌酯SC处理防效相对较低外,其余各处理均有较好的防效,尤以50%醚菌酯WG处理防效最高,且残效期最长;对黄瓜白粉病,防效较好的药剂为20%烯肟.戊唑醇SC,其次为15%三唑酮WP和250 g/L嘧菌酯SC。     

小麦赤霉病防治药剂筛选结果初报

对4种药剂进行了防治小麦赤霉病的田间试验。结果表明:小麦初花期用药1次,50%多·酮WP 1050~3150 g/hm2、25%氰烯菌酯SC 1500~3000 mL/hm2及25%戊唑醇EW 1200mL/hm2防效均超过70%,明显高于25%戊唑醇EW其它处理和25%咪鲜胺EC防效;小麦初花期和盛花期各用药1次,防效进一步提高,50%多·酮WP和25%氰烯菌酯SC各处理防效均在88%以上,与25%咪鲜胺EC、25%戊唑醇EW药剂处理间差异极显著。在赤霉病流行年份,50%多·酮WP、25%氰烯菌酯SC是防治小麦赤霉病的有效药剂。     

7种杀菌剂防治番茄白粉病药效评价及应用

为评价7种杀菌剂对番茄白粉病的防治效果,2015—2016年开展了田间小区试验。试验结果表明:在推荐剂量下,430 g/L戊唑醇SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、25%嘧菌酯SC和250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC对番茄白粉病均具有良好的防治效果,显著优于29%吡萘·嘧菌酯SC、43%氟菌·肟菌酯SC和42.4%唑醚·氟酰胺SC。430 g/L戊唑醇SC和10%苯醚甲环唑WG的持效期长于其它药剂。针对番茄白粉病的发生和流行特点,当田间发现该病害时,可及时采用持效期长的杀菌剂喷施,施药2~3次,间隔期10 d左右。     

几种杀菌剂对苹果主要叶部病害的田间药效评价

[目的]为苹果主要叶部病害的防治筛选出优良杀菌剂。[方法]采用田间小区试验方法测定几种杀菌剂在试验设计剂量下对苹果斑点落叶病、褐斑病和锈病的控制效果。[结果]78%波尔·锰锌WP、80%代森锰锌WP+430 g/L戊唑醇SC、80%代森锰锌WP+400 g/L氟硅唑EC对苹果斑点落叶病和褐斑病控制作用突出,防治效果分别达到97.25%～97.80%和95.29%～97.35%,病叶率分别为4.00%～5.33%和1.33%～2.37%,落叶控制效果达到92.61%～95.97%;64%苯甲·锰锌WP较好,防治效果分别达到95.88%和86.76%,病叶率分别为10.00%和6.67%,落叶控制效果为75.8%。10%苯甲·多抗WP、64%苯甲·锰锌WP和10%苯醚甲环唑WG对苹果锈病的控制作用突出,防治效果高达99.06%～100.00%,病叶率为1.33%～2.37%;35%多抗·戊唑醇WP、80%代森锰锌WP+430 g/L戊唑醇SC、80%代森锰锌WP+400 g/L氟硅唑EC较好,防治效果为86.79%～95.28%,病叶率为3.33%～9.33%。[结论]上述杀菌剂均为筛选出的优良杀菌剂,可大面积推广。     

430g/L戊唑醇SC防治小麦赤霉病效果及应用技术

田间试验结果表明,430 g/L戊唑醇SC对小麦赤霉病有较好的防治效果,其药效随用药量加大而极显著上升。第2次用药后20,30 d,430 g/L戊唑醇SC 300 m L/hm2的防效分别达到94.43%和87.89%,比对照药剂50%多菌灵WP 1 350 g/hm2的防效高2.18百分点、2.21百分点,且对小麦安全性好。430 g/L戊唑醇SC在生产上有较好的推广应用前景。     

8种土壤处理除草剂对花生田杂草的防除效果及安全性评价

[目的]为筛选出对花生田杂草防治效果高、安全性好的除草剂。[方法]采用田间小区试验的方法,测定了8种土壤处理除草剂对花生田杂草的防除效果及安全性。[结果]40%砜吡草唑SC、50%丙炔氟草胺WP、40%双氯磺草胺WG、80%唑嘧磺草胺WG、240 g/L甲咪唑烟酸AS各处理和500 g/L三氟草嗪SC 100 g a.i./hm~2处理对花生田杂草防治效果较好,总体杂草鲜重防治效果均在90%以上,但40%砜吡草唑SC,300 g/L三氟草嗪SC对花生安全性较差,株高显著低于人工除草处理,产量损失达1.70%～3.94%。[结论]因此,在花生田土壤喷雾处理可以选用50%丙炔氟草胺WP、40%双氯磺草胺WG、80%唑嘧磺草胺WG、240 g/L甲咪唑烟酸AS进行杂草防除,对花生安全性较好。     

9种杀菌剂防治水稻穗颈瘟田间药效比较

为筛选防治水稻穗颈瘟高效、低毒、安全杀菌剂,采用田间小区试验对嘧菌酯等9种杀菌剂进行药效比较。结果表明:50%嘧菌酯WG 180.0 g/hm2、20%稻瘟酰胺SC 300.0 g/hm2、40%稻瘟灵WP 600.0 g/hm2、75%三环唑WP 281.3 g/hm2的防效较高,病穗率防效及病指防效分别为85.86%~87.47%及89.68%~90.93%;50%醚菌酯WG 120.0 g/hm2、12.5%氟环唑SC 100.0 g/hm2、10%己唑醇SC 75.0 g/hm2、430 g/L戊唑醇SC 80.6 g/hm2处理的病穗率防效及病指防效分别为72.74%~80.85%及78.61%~84.34%;25%咪鲜胺EC 337.5 g/hm2处理的防效较差,病穗率防效及病指防效分别为66.59%和72.70%。防治水稻穗颈瘟可以选用三环唑、稻瘟灵、稻瘟酰胺、咪鲜胺等常规杀菌剂及嘧菌酯、氟环唑、戊唑醇等新型高效杀菌剂。     

20%氟胺·嘧菌酯WG和75%戊唑·嘧菌酯WG对水稻纹枯病防效研究

为明确20%氟胺·嘧菌酯WG、75%戊唑·嘧菌酯WG对水稻纹枯病的防治效果及适宜用量等,于2012年在水稻纹枯病发病始盛期和发病高峰期各用药防治1次。结果表明:20%氟胺·嘧菌酯WG 750~1 500 g/hm2、75%戊唑·嘧菌酯WG 150~300 g/hm2对纹枯病1次防治效果在90%以上,2次防治效果在95%以上,与75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG、240 g/L噻呋酰胺SC防治效果相近,好于300 g/L苯甲·丙环唑EC、43%戊唑醇SC、20%井冈霉素AS等处理。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.