Pt的加入提高了PdO/Al2O3催化剂反应活性

采用共沉淀法同时制备了PdO/M-Al2O3(M=Ce、Zr、Ce-Zr)和PtO-PdO/M-AlO3催化剂.考察了Pt的加入对PdO/M-Al2O3催化剂的影响,助剂Ce、Zr改性的PtO-PdO/Al2O3催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧反应性能以及催化剂预处理对催化反应性能的影响.结果表明,PtO-PdO/Ce-Al2O3...     

高比表面积Pd纤维催化剂的制备及其甲烷催化燃烧性能

制备了PdO/CeO2/γ- Al2 O3/Al2 O3 - SiO2纤维催化剂,考察了CeO2掺杂对催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.结果表明,掺杂质量分数0.05％ CeO2,催化剂活性最好,甲烷完全转化温度为385℃.BET比表面积测定结果显示,γ- Al2 O3的加入极大提高了纤维的比表面积;氧气程序升温脱附实验结...     

PdO／ZrO2／γ—Al2O3／Al2O3-SiO2纤维催化剂的制备及其催化燃烧性能研究

制备了0．05wt％PdO／0．15wt％ZrO2／γ—Al2O3／Al2O3-SiO2纤维催化剂,考察了ZrO2对催化剂甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,当ZrO2的掺杂量为0．15wt％时催化剂活性最好,其甲烷完全转化温度为401℃。比表面积测定（BET）结果显示,加入γ-Al2O3极大地提高了催佬剂的比表面积;氧气程序升温脱附（O2-TPD）实验结果表明,加入适量ZrO2,提高了活性相PdO的分解温度,从而提高了催化剂热稳定性。对所制备的催化剂进行了实用性能考察表明：0．05wt％PdO／γ-Al2O3／Al2O3-SiO2纤维催化剂使用50次（100h）后烟气中的CO浓度提升为首次使用时的2倍、燃烧温度也提高了44℃;而添加了0．15wt％ZrO2的催化剂的使用性能非常稳定、预测其具有长的使用寿命。     

纳米级铈锆氧化物固溶体在催化剂中的应用

对以铈锆氧化物固溶体Ce0.75Zr0.25O2为助剂的催化剂进行了活性评价.实验结果表明:固-固化学反应法制备的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2固溶体与传统的共沉淀法制备的Ce0.75Zr0.25O2固溶体在三效催化剂中作为催化助剂的作用是相当的,对模拟汽车尾气起到了很好的净化作用.还研究了Ce0.75Zr0.25O2对交联粘土(PILC)催化剂Cu/CeTi-PILC的丙烯选择性催化还原一氧化氮反应的影响.实验证明:Ce0.75Zr0.25O2固溶体能提高催化剂5%Cu/CeTi-PILC对C3H6和一氧化氮的催化活性,起燃温度明显降低,其中C3H6起燃温度降低了15℃;一氧化氮起燃温度降低了112℃.     

载体及活性组分对甲烷低温燃烧催化性能的影响

以一定浓度的Pd为活性组分,-γA l2O3为载体,用浸渍法制备了甲烷低温燃烧催化剂,运用固定床反应装置着重研究载体对甲烷低温燃烧反应的催化性能的影响。同时采用同一种载体条件下,重点考察不同浓度的单一活性组分Pd或Pt和(Pt-Pd)双活性组分催化剂对甲烷低温燃烧反应的催化性能的影响。结果表明,由不同载体,负载同一浓度活性组份制备出的催化剂活性有较大差异。(Pt-Pd)/A l2O3双组分燃烧催化剂,性能优于单一组分的Pd/A l2O3或Pt/A l2O3催化剂,(Pd-Pt)/A l2O3体系具有较高的甲烷催化燃烧活性,催化燃烧的起燃温度最低。相比当(Pd 0.2%-Pt 0.1%)/A l2O3时催化剂活性最高,CH4转化率50%的温度为345℃,完全转化温度为405℃。通过1 000 h稳定性试验,显示出甲烷完全氧化温度为405℃左右,具有较好的低温活性及热稳定性。     

载体组成对载钴催化剂的甲烷催化部分氧化反应的影响

首先制备了一系列的单元(Ce O2,Ti O2,Zr O2)、双元(Ce-Ti,Ti-Zr)和三元(Ce-Ti-Zr)载体,然后通过浸渍法在载体表面负载Co,考察了载体组成和焙烧温度对该催化剂的甲烷部分氧化(POM)催化性能的影响。利用N2物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射、H2-程序升温还原、扫描电子显微镜和热重分析等手段对反应前后催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。实验结果表明,载Co催化剂的催化性能按三元>双元>单元的顺序依次降低。700℃焙烧制备的Co/Ce-Ti-Zr-700三元载体催化剂表现出最高的CH4转化率和H2、CO的选择性,同时该催化剂具有较高的稳定性。在Ce-Ti-Zr三元载体催化剂中,Ce O2-Ti O2-Zr O2之间产生了较强的相互作用,从而抑制了非活性相Co Ti O3的生成,产生了更多的活性中心;同时这种载体之间的作用可以防止催化剂在反应过程中发生相变生成Co Zr2和Zr C之类的物质。     

新型储氧材料Ce0.6Tb0.1Zr0.3O2在三效催化剂中的应用研究

采用共沉淀技术制备出了Ce0.6Tb0.1Zr0.3O2固溶体,并对其进行了比表面积测试和XRD表征.将其用于全钯三效催化剂的制备,对三效催化剂的性能进行了评价.结果表明Ce0.6Tb0.1Zr0.3O2和Ce0.6Zr0.4O2的结构相似,物相均一性好,稳定性高,且具有较大的比表面积.含Ce0.6Tb0.1Zr0.3O2的三效催化剂具有较高的催化活性和较宽的空燃比窗口,HC、CO和NO的起燃温度分别为177℃、173℃和176℃,适于作为新一代三效催化剂的储氧材料.     

Y_2O_3对MoO_3/ZrO_2催化剂的影响及其在甲烷化反应中的应用

采用浸渍法制备Y_2O_3促进的Mo O3/Zr O2催化剂,通过H2-TPR和XRD对催化剂的物化性能进行表征,研究Y_2O_3对催化剂中活性组分Mo O3与载体Zr O2之间相互作用力的影响。催化剂活性评价结果表明,助剂Y_2O_3在直接甲烷化反应中明显提高催化剂稳定性。在空速5 000 h-1、反应压力3.0 MPa和反应温度450℃条件下,反应800 h,催化剂活性保持稳定,具有优良的抗水合稳定性。     

氢氧直接合成过氧化氢用PdO/γ-Al2O3催化剂过渡金属改性研究

采用等体积浸渍法制得过渡金属改性的系列催化剂MOx-PdO/γ-Al2O3 (M=La、Mn、Ni、Ce).在10℃、常压下考察了过渡金属种类及氧化镧负载量对催化剂MOx-PdO/γ-Al2O3催化氢氧直接合成过氧化氢性能的影响.采用能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行表征分析.结果表明,经过渡金属改性后的MOx-PdO/γ-Al2O3催化剂活性高于未改性的催化剂PdO/γ-Al2O3;以镧为助剂制得的La2O3-PdO/γ-Al2O3(氧化镧质量分数为1％、氧化钯质量分数为2.5％)催化剂性能优于其他过渡金属改性的催化剂,与PdO/γ-AhO3相比,所得过氧化氢的浓度、收率、选择性分别提高了76.54％、76.61％、44.21％.     

焙烧温度对CuO/Co_3O_4-CeO_2催化剂CO优先氧化性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Cu O/Co3O4-Ce O2(Cu Co Ce10)催化剂,考察了在不同温度(250、300、350、400和450℃)焙烧后的样品在富氢气氛中对CO优先氧化反应的催化性能。应用BET、XRD、H2-TPR及XAFS技术详细表征了催化剂的结构与性能。结果表明,不同温度焙烧的催化剂中,铜物种均主要以Cu O相存在;350℃焙烧的Cu Co Ce10催化剂具有最大的比表面积和最好的氧化还原性能,在98~173℃的温度范围内能够将CO完全转化为CO2,呈现出最宽的CO优先氧化可操作温度窗口,以及良好的催化活性稳定性。     

Catalytic combustion of methane over bimetallic Pd–Pt catalysts: The influence of support materials

The effect of support material on the catalytic performance for methane combustion has been studied for bimetallic palladium–platinum catalysts and compared with a monometallic palladium catalyst on alumina. The catalytic activities of the various catalysts were measured in a tubular reactor, in which both the activity and stability of methane conversion were monitored. In addition, all catalysts were analysed by temperature-programmed oxidation and in situ XRD operating at high temperatures in order to study the oxidation/reduction properties.

The activity of the monometallic palladium catalyst decreases under steady-state conditions, even at a temperature as low as 470 °C. In situ XRD results showed that no decomposition of bulk PdO into metallic palladium occurred at temperatures below 800 °C. Hence, the reason for the drop in activity is probably not connected to the bulk PdO decomposition.

All Pd–Pt catalysts, independently of the support, have considerably more stable methane conversion than the monometallic palladium catalyst. However, dissimilarities in activity and ability to reoxidise PdO were observed for the various support materials. Pd–Pt supported on Al₂O₃ was the most active catalyst in the low-temperature region, Pd–Pt supported on ceria-stabilised ZrO₂ was the most active between 620 and 800 °C, whereas Pd–Pt supported on LaMnAl₁₁O₁₉ was superior for temperatures above 800 °C. The ability to reoxidise metallic Pd into PdO was observed to vary between the supports. The alumina sample showed a very slow reoxidation, whereas ceria-stabilised ZrO₂ was clearly faster.     

含Ce_xZr_(1-x)O_2固溶体三效催化剂的制备及性能研究

用共沉淀技术在室温、pH =10 0的条件下制备出了CexZr1-xO2 固溶体 ,将其用于Pd基三效催化剂的制备 ,对催化剂的性能进行了评价 ,结果表明 :和纯的CeO2 相比 ,含CexZr1-xO2 固溶体的催化剂具有较高的催化性能 ,其中Pd/Ce0 6Zr0 .4 O2 催化剂性能最佳 ,HC、CO、NO的转化率在A/F =14 6时分别为 97 33%、89 5 2 %、10 0 %;新鲜催化剂的起燃温度分别为 186、180、185℃ ,高温处理后起燃温度分别为 2 49、2 41、2 46℃。     

Catalytic activity of PdO/ZrO2 catalyst for methane combustion

Catalytic activity of ZrO₂ supported PdO catalysts for methane combustion has been investigated in comparison with Al₂O₃ supported PdO catalysts. It was found that the drop of catalytic activity owing to decomposition of PdO at a high temperature region (600–900°C) was suppressed by using ZrO₂ support. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) measurements of the catalyst with hydrogen revealed that the PdO of PdO/Al₂O₃ catalyst was reduced at the temperature less than 100°C, whereas in PdO/ZrO₂ catalyst the consumption of hydrogen was also observed at 200–300°C. This result indicates that the stable PdO species were present in the PdO/ZrO₂ catalyst. In order to confirm the formation of the solid solution of PdO and ZrO₂, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the mixtures of ZrO₂ and PdO calcined at 700–900°C in air were carried out. The lattice volume of ZrO₂ in the mixture was larger than that of ZrO₂. Furthermore, the Pd thin film on ZrO₂ substrate was prepared as a model catalyst and the depth profile of the elements in the Pd thin film was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). It was confirmed that Zr and O as well as Pd were present in the Pd thin film heated at 900°C in air. It was considered that the PdO on ZrO₂ support might be stabilized by the formation of the solid solution of PdO and ZrO₂.     

Stability of palladium-based catalysts during catalytic combustion of methane: The influence of water

The stability of methane conversion was studied over a Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst and bimetallic Pd–Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts. The activity of methane combustion over Pd/Al₂O₃ gradually decreased with time, whereas the methane conversion over bimetallic Pd–Pt catalysts was significantly more stable. The differences in combustion behavior were further investigated by activity tests where additional water vapor was periodically added to the feed stream. From these tests it was concluded that water speeds up the degradation process of the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst, whereas the catalyst containing Pt was not affected to the same extent. DRIFTS studies in a mixture of oxygen and methane revealed that both catalysts produce surface hydroxyls during combustion, although the steady state concentration on the pure Pd catalyst is higher for a fixed temperature and water partial pressure. The structure of the bimetallic catalyst grains with a PdO domain and a Pd–Pt alloy domain may be the reason for the higher stability, as the PdO domain appears to be more affected by the water generated in the combustion reaction than the alloy. Not all fuels that produce water during combustion will have stability issues. It appears that less strong binding in the fuel molecule will compensate for the degradation.     

助剂Ba对Pd/Al_2O_3和Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂的C1-C3烷烃催化燃烧性能的影响

通过浸渍法制备了Al_2O_3负载的Pd和Pt催化剂,考察催化剂的甲烷、乙烷和丙烷催化燃烧活性,以及助剂Ba对催化性能的影响。对于Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂,加入Ba使活性物种PdO颗粒变大和还原温度升高,形成更稳定的PdO活性物种,是Pd-Ba/Al_2O_3催化剂活性提升的主要原因。对于Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂,加入Ba助剂使活性物种Pt0含量降低,PtO_x与Al_2O_3载体相互作用增强,使PtO_x物种更难被还原为Pt~0,导致Pt-Ba/Al_2O_3催化剂活性降低。Pd和Pt催化剂催化烷烃氧化反应活性规律一致:丙烷乙烷甲烷。Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂有利于C—H键活化,Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂有利于C—C键活化。Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂对C1-C3烷烃氧化活性的差别明显大于Pd/Al_2O_3催化剂。Pt/Al_2O_3催化剂对碳比例高的烷烃活性更高。     

Superior catalytic behaviour of Pt-doped Pd catalysts in the complete oxidation of methane at low temperature

The catalytic combustion of methane at low temperature under lean conditions was investigated over bimetallic palladium-platinum catalysts supported on alumina. Pd-Pt catalysts with constant 2 wt.% metal loading and varying compositions in Pt and Pd were prepared by successive impregnations of the metal salts. The catalysts were characterised by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy/electron dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDX), volumetry of H₂ chemisorption, FTIR study of CO adsorption and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). In the absence of water added to the feed, the methane conversion over Pd-rich bimetallic catalysts (Pt/Pt + Pd molar ratios less than 0.3) was found to be the same as that of the reference Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst. Interestingly, under wet conditions, these bimetallic catalysts exhibited an improved performance with respect to Pd/Al₂O₃. This effect was found to be maintained upon mild steam ageing. An interaction between both metals was suggested to explain the enhanced activity of bimetallic catalysts. This was confirmed by TPO experiments indicating that formation and decomposition of PdO is affected upon Pt addition even for very low amounts of Pt. The adsorption of CO on reduced catalysts studied by FTIR revealed new types of adsorbed CO species, suggesting again an interaction between two metals.