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近年来,纳米技术在提高采收率中的潜在应用越来越受到关注。为此,许多研究报道纳米颗粒在化学提高采收率过程中有很好的应用前景。本文综述了纳米粒子在表面活性剂、聚合物、表面活性剂、碱性表面活性剂、低矿化度水驱等领域的最新应用研究进展,为有兴趣开发纳米粒子技术的研究人员指明了方向。阐述了纳米粒子在润湿性改变、层间张力降低和原油采收率提高方面的作用,并讨论了纳米流体驱油过程中影响多孔介质中岩石/流体相互作用行为的因素。 相似文献
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表面活性剂对超细碳酸钙的防团聚作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
超细碳酸钙由于粒径小,比表面积大,表面自由能高,在生产、贮存过程中极易发生团聚。在Ca(OH)2的低温搅拌碳化反应制备超细碳酸钙的过程中,对所得碳酸钙用表面活性剂处理,考察了阴、阳、非离子表面活性剂对超细碳酸钙的防团聚作用。结果表明:某些阴离子、非离子表面活性剂可有效地抑制碳酸钙晶粒的团聚,使制得的碳酸钙粉体的粒度小于1μm,且使其粒度分布明显变窄,而阳离子表面活性剂对防团聚则无明显作用。采用复配表面活性剂比单一表面活性剂更能有效地防止超细碳酸钙的团聚,使其团聚粒径明显降低,粒径分布明显变窄。 相似文献
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为提高高采出、高含水老油田采收率,研发了超高界面活性阴阳离子表面活性剂复合驱油体系S1。结果表明,针对胜利河口原油,在温度75~120℃,矿化度6 000~50 000 mg/L,二价离子100~2 000 mg/L,表面活性剂浓度0.05%~0.50%条件下,体系油水界面张力达到2×10~(-3)m N/m,增溶参数达到20。此外,该体系还可将岩石润湿性由油湿调变为中性润湿,是一种可有效调控油、水和岩石三相界面作用力,实现剥离原油和降低油水界面张力的超高界面活性原位微乳液表面活性剂体系。 相似文献
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通过测定双子表面活性剂与原油的界面张力,发现双子表面活性剂在缺碱的条件下,也可以使油水界面张力降低至超低的能力,证明了其对碱的依赖性较小,优于普通表面活性剂.单独使用双子表面活性剂或者与其他表面活性剂协同使用,均可以使多种原油-水界面张力降低至超低范围.对双子表面活性剂溶液浓度等因素对油水界面张力的影响程度进行了分析.发现双子表面活性剂降低油水界面张力的能力主要与表面活性剂和油的性质密切相关.研究了其界面张力行为,发现双子表面活性剂具有比普通表面活性剂较高的界面活性,并且与盐具有很好的协同性,可以在较宽的盐度和表面活性剂浓度范围内降低油水界面张力至超低范围. 相似文献
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在45℃下测定了不同类型表面活性剂(阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂以及高分子双子表面活性剂、非对称两性双子表面活性剂)与煤油-水体系的界面张力,发现非离子表面活性剂效果最好,界面张力可达0.690 m N/m。采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与其他类型的表面活性剂进行两两复配,考察复配表面活性剂的种类、质量比、总质量浓度对模拟油-水体系界面张力的影响。发现聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与非对称两性双子表面活性剂C15EC-S-C16以质量比7∶3进行复配,总质量浓度为50 g/L时,界面张力达到0.024 m N/m。 相似文献
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纳米碳酸钙表面改性的初步研究 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
应用几种脂肪酸对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理,对它们的改性效果进行了比较,透视电镜(TEM)分析结果表明:改性纳米碳酸钙粒子在乙醇中的分散性得到了提高;图像分析显示;改性碳酸钙颗粒的粒径分布有所改善;润湿性测定结果预示:改性粒子与聚合物将具有较好的相容性和亲和性。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。 相似文献
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1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows 相似文献
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