巯基乙酸稳定的CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的制备与表征

用非均相成核原理,在水溶液中制备CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点,并研究合成工艺,包括前驱物的滴加方式和用量、CdSe核的水浴反应时间、CdSe与ZnS的摩尔比等因素对CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点荧光性能的影响.用透射电子显微镜和x射线衍射仪测试核壳结构量子点的形貌和结构.用紫外吸收光谱与荧光光谱表征CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.结果表明:ZnS壳层在CdSe核量子点表面外延生长,形成了核壳结构;CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能明显高于单一的CdSe量子点;合成的工艺条件会显著影响CdSe/ZnS核壳结构量子点的荧光性能.     

聚酰胺-胺树形分子的合成及其包覆的CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点的性能研究

以乙二胺和丙烯酸甲酯为原料,采用扩散法合成了不同端基类型不同代数的聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)树形高分子,并用红外光谱进行表征;以G5.0-NH2 PAMAM树形高分子为模板,以二甲基亚砜为溶剂,在常温下制备了稳定的PAMAM树形高分子包覆的CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点,并用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱进行表征。结果表明,适当厚度CdS的包覆修饰可以有效提高CdSe量子点的发光性能;与单一组分的CdSe量子点相比,CdSe@CdS核壳结构量子点的相对荧光强度最大提高约123 %。     

核壳量子点研究进展

核壳量子点是半导体材料研究热点之一。介绍了核壳量子点各种结构及其应用,着重综述了近年来有机合成路线制备核壳量子点方法,包括高温入注法、交替离子层吸附生长法、单前体法、种子生长法、离子交换法、一锅法等,并简述了各自的实验原理。最后对核壳量子点的制备研究进行了展望。     

核壳结构半导体纳米晶体CdS/ZnS的制备及其光学性质

通过反胶束法成功制备了CdS及CdS/ZnS核壳结构量子点,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散型X射线能谱(EDX)以及荧光光谱(PL)等对其结构和性能进行了研究。与CdS量子点相比,CdS/ZnS量子点的粒径明显变大,本文估算了粒子的粒径,TEM图像很好的印证了估算的结果;结合EDX的测试结果可以推断CdS/ZnS量子点的结构是ZnS包裹在CdS表面的核壳结构;CdS/ZnS量子点的荧光强度与CdS量子点相比有了明显的提高,原因主要是壳层的ZnS消除了CdS量子点表面上存在的无辐射复合中心。     

CdTe量子点与蛋白质相互作用的荧光猝灭效应

本文在水热法合成水溶性CdTe及核壳结构CdTe/CdS量子点的基础上,分别研究了细胞色素c对CdTe量子点及CdTe/CdS核壳量子点荧光的猝灭效应和CdTe量子点对牛血清白蛋白荧光的猝灭效应,并阐述了猝灭机理。结果显示,细胞色素c对CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭效应具有一定的粒径依赖性,粒径越小,猝灭效应越强;细胞色素c对CdTe/CdS核壳量子点的猝灭效应比对CdTe量子点的更强,揭示了受激电子的表面传递机理。CdTe量子点通过松散牛血清白蛋白的螺旋结构而猝灭其荧光。     

硅壳包裹核/壳型CdSe/CdS纳米晶的制备与性能研究

采用低温水热技术,分别以柠檬酸、聚乙二醇(PEG400)和甲硫氨酸为稳定剂,在水相中合成了核壳型CdSe/CdS量子点,研究了稳定剂、CdSe与CdS物质的量比对量子点发光性能和结构的影响。XRD结果表明,当CdSe∶CdS在1∶3~4时,CdS主要在CdSe的外延生长,形成核壳型纳米粒子,当比例达到1∶5时,CdS单独成晶现象严重。CdSe∶CdS=1∶4时,核壳型量子点具有较高的荧光发射效率。TEM研究表明CdS在CdSe外表面生长形成较为完整的壳层,有效钝化CdSe表面,减少表面缺陷,从而显著提高CdSe量子点的发光效率。CdSe核尺寸为2~3nm的核壳型纳米粒子外包裹一层SiO2壳后,荧光发射效率没有显著提高,发射峰位置无明显红移。量子点包壳后能有效提高该量子点的光化学稳定性,提高量子点的生物相容性。     

CdSe/CdS核壳型量子点的合成及性质研究

在三相体系中合成了核壳型CdSe/CdS量子点。在三相体系中,油酸和乙醇的混和物组成液相(L),油酸钠为固相(S),Cd2+溶液和乙醇组成溶液相(S)。量子点在两相的界面形成。所制备的量子点用TEM、XRD和FL进行表征。结果表明,量子点的粒径分布均匀,形貌规则,为立方型晶体。在核表面包覆上宽带隙的半导体后,其光量子产率极大提高,表明核的表面缺陷被消除。     

磁性/量子点纳米复合材料的制备与电致化学发光性能

利用共沉淀法制备了磁性Fe_3O_4纳米粒子,多巴胺(DA)在其表面自动氧化聚合形成核/壳结构纳米粒子(Fe_3O_4@PDA);通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和形貌进行表征;采用水相合成法合成了CdSe量子点,并由L-半胱氨酸修饰其表面;由制备的核/壳结构纳米粒子与CdSe量子点通过静电吸引力结合在一起形成兼具有磁性和电致化学发光(ECL)的纳米复合材料。Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)对复合材料ECL强度增强或猝灭的性质,在一定浓度范围内,离子浓度与发光强度呈线性关系,利用此性质检测这些离子的浓度,结果表明效果较好。     

纳米生物标记技术研究进展

从量子点的光学特征、制备、核/壳结构的意义、量子点荧光标记物的优越性、量子点标记生物分子后在单个细胞及临床组织样品检测中的应用等方面综述了量子点在生命科学领域的研究进展。     

巯基丙酸还原TeO_2水相一步法合成CdTe/ZnTe核壳型量子点

以TeO2为碲源,巯基丙酸(MPA)为稳定剂和还原剂,采用微波辅助加热法一步合成水溶性CdTe/ZnTe核壳结构的半导体量子点。考察了Cd/Zn反应物配比及MPA用量对CdTe/ZnTe量子点性能的影响,并用紫外、荧光光谱、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)光谱和EDX电子能谱对CdTe/ZnTe进行了表征。结果表明,在不需要另加NaBH4的条件下,同样能合成水溶性的CdTe/ZnTe量子点,且该核壳结构的CdTe/ZnTe量子点比单一的CdTe量子点具有更高的荧光量子产率。     

水溶液中CdSe量子点的制备

以硫脲为稳定剂直接在水相中合成了CdSe量子点,通过对前躯体制备时的温度,反应时间的考察,以及量子点合成阶段的溶液pH,稳定剂种类选择,稳定剂用量等综合条件的实验,得到了最佳的制备方案.该方案制备的水溶性量子点荧光强度好,原材料利用率高,环境亲和性好,有利于生物检测等运用.     

Synthesis and characterization of luminescent cadmium selenide/zinc selenide/zinc sulfide cholinomimetic quantum dots

Luminescent quantum dots conjugated with highly selective molecular recognition ligands are widely used for targeting and imaging biological structures. In this paper, water soluble cholinomimetic cadmium selenide (core), zinc selenide/zinc sulfide (shell) quantum dots were synthesized for targeting cholinergic sites. Cholinomimetic specificity was incorporated by conjugation of the quantum dots to an aminated analogue of hemicholinium-15, a well known competitive inhibitor of the high affinity choline uptake transporter. Detailed evaluation of the nanocrystal synthesis and characterization of the final product was conducted by (1)H and (31)P NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as transmission electron microscopy.     

CdTe/CdS核壳型量子点的水相合成与荧光性质研究

在水相中制备了不同壳层厚度的核壳型半导体CdTe/CdS量子点,通过荧光光谱(PL)分析、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X-射线粉末衍射 (XRD)光谱分析对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明:反应时间、温度、硫化钠浓度和NaOH的量对CdTe/CdS量子点的壳层厚度和荧光强度都有很大影响.     

Bio-inspired ZnS quantum dots as efficient photo catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous phase

ZnS quantum dots are semiconductor nanoparticles characterized by superior optoelectronic properties. The amenability of these nanoparticles in initiating efficient photo-redox reactions enable their use as photocatalysts for environmental remediation. In the present study, ZnS quantum dots were biosynthesized from Zn tolerant Penicillium sp. under ambient reaction conditions. The biogenic ZnS quantum dots were characterized using TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR and UV–Vis absorption studies that revealed the formation of spherical particles of average diameter 11.08?nm with a zinc blend crystal structure and the optical properties were in par with chemically synthesized ZnS. The biogenic ZnS were then used for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. It was found that the green synthesized ZnS quantum dots exhibited good photocatalytic activity with a half-life of 4?h. Further, the dye degradation efficiency was enhanced as the ZnS nanocatalyst/dye ratio increased and reached equilibrium within 6?h. The present study reports an inexpensive and scalable method to fabricate ZnS nano hybrids with practical applicability in the remediation of pollutants in textile, paper and dyeing industry.     

High Photoluminescence Polyindole/CuInS Quantum Dots for Pb Ions Sensor

Polyindole is considered an excellent conducting polymer with interested properties for different applications. A novel polyindole (PIn)/CuInS (CIS)/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) nanocomposite was synthesized via in situ polymerization of PIn in presence of CIS/ZnS QDs. By investigating the effect of CIS/ZnS QDs on optical properties of PIn, it was found that the optical band gaps of PIn, CIS/ZnS QDs, and PIn/CIS/ZnS QDs nanocomposite were 3.24 eV, 4.68 eV and 3.44 eV, respectively. From the luminance spectra, it was observed that emission peaks of PIn at 442 and 468 nm are independent of the excitation wavelength with the highest intensity at excitation wavelength of 380 nm. However, the luminance spectrum of PIn/CIS/ZnS QDs nanocomposite exhibited a quenching peak for CIS/ZnS QDs while the intensity of PIn peak was enhanced. High resolution of transmission electron microscope image of CIS/ZnS QDs revealed nanocrystals with a size of 3–4.5 nm and lattice space of 0.2 nm. PIn/CIS/ZnS QDs nanocomposite as the fluorescent probe was employed for sensing different concentrations of Pb²⁺ from 5 to 50 ppb. The reaction between PIn/CIS/ZnS QDs and Pb²⁺ was slightly quenched and fixed after 90 min. The emission peak was reduced gradually with increasing concentration of lead via photo-induced electron transfer or ion exchange mechanism. The value of correlation coefficient (R²) was 0.99, the sensitivity was 0.0041 ppb^?1 and limit of detection value was 4.48 ppb.

     

混合溶剂中十八胺含量对CdSe量子点发光性能的影响

利用高温溶剂法,在十八胺(ODA)和十八醇(OD)混合溶剂中合成了CdSe量子点(QDs),表征了在不同反应时间和不同ODA与OD质量比条件下制备的QDs粒径和光学性质。结果表明,在混合溶剂中不仅可以制备出分散性良好、粒径均匀的QDs,而且还能获得高量子效率的产物;ODA含量变化基本不影响QDs的初始成核粒径,但对量子效率有很明显的影响,ODA含量的增加对获得高量子效率的产物有利。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of water-dispersed CdTe/CdSe core/shell type II quantum dots

A facile synthesis of mercaptanacid-capped CdTe/CdSe (core/shell) type II quantum dots in aqueous solution by means of a microwave-assisted approach is reported. The results of X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the as-prepared CdTe/CdSe quantum dots had a core/shell structure with high crystallinity. The core/shell quantum dots exhibit tunable fluorescence emissions by controlling the thickness of the CdSe shell. The photoluminescent properties were dramatically improved through UV-illuminated treatment, and the time-resolved fluorescence spectra showed that there is a gradual increase of decay lifetime with the thickness of CdSe shell.     

A dually spontaneous reduction and assembly strategy for hybrid capsules of graphene quantum dots with platinum–copper nanoparticles for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction

The unique hybrid capsules of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with platinum (Pt)–copper (Cu) nanoparticles have been prepared by a dually spontaneous reduction and assembly process of oxidized graphene quantum dots (ox-GQDs) and Pt precursor by galvanic displacement reaction on Cu microspheres. Cu@PtCu core–shell microspheres were first prepared by reaction of Cu with platinum (IV), which subsequently induced the reduction and assembly of ox-GQDs on them at room temperature. After removal of the Cu cores, the resultant capsules of PtCu@GQDs were collected. Based on the unique hybrid structure, PtCu@GQDs capsules showed remarkably enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a 2 times higher mass activity and a 40 mV more positive onset potential than that of commercial Pt black, indicating the promise of the newly-prepared PtCu@GQDs capsules as catalysts for fuel cell applications.     

CdTe量子点的水相制备

在水相中以巯基丙酸作为稳定剂,合成出具有不同荧光发射波长的CdTe量子点（QDs）,利用紫外吸收光谱（UV）、荧光光谱（FS）以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对CdTeQDs进行了表征。研究了反应温度及pH值对所制备的CdTeQDs光学性质的影响。实验结果表明,合成CdTeQDs的最佳温度为96℃,pH值为10,且随着时间的增加量子点的粒径增大。