负离子功能PET纤维的研制

选择超细电气石粉末作为新型功能添加剂,通过偶联剂表面修饰,对改性效果进行比较和表征,并制备了负离子功能聚酯纤维。研究了超细电气石粉末的表面改性及其在高分子基体中的分散性,以及PET共混体系和负离子功能纤维的性能。主要研究结果如下:对超细电气石粉末的表面改性,采用单烷氧型钛酸酯5%处理量的处理效果较佳,在普通纺丝速度范围内,PET共混体系的可纺性与PET一样稳定。经测试,试验纤维具有良好的物理机械性能和负离子发射功能(大于4500个/cm3)。     

超细负离子粉末在PP中分散性的研究

采用不同偶联剂表面处理环己烷-负离子粉末溶胶,通过离心沉降的方法研究了表面处理对负离子粉末表面性质的影响,并考察了聚丙烯／负离子粉末共混物的纺丝性能。结果表明,选择单烷氧型钛酸酯类偶联剂质量分数8％时,经过处理后负离子粉末与聚合物基体界面结合状况得到改善,微粒的分散性较好,表面处理效果最好。纺丝时组件压力上升情况得到明显改善,且纺丝状况比较稳定。     

负离子远红外丙纶短纤维生产工艺探讨

以负离子远红外聚丙烯母粒及聚丙烯切片为原料 ,在普通涤纶设备上共混纺丝制得负离子远红外丙纶短纤维。对母粒干燥及共混纺丝等工艺进行了探讨。负离子远红外母粒干燥温度一般在 80～ 10 0℃ ,干燥时间 4～ 12h ,纺丝温度较常规聚丙烯约高 5～ 10℃ ,制得的负离子远红外丙纶短纤维负离子发生量达到都市园林水平     

聚丙烯纤维的共混改性

本文简要介绍了聚丙烯纤维的共混改性,讨论了相容性对聚丙烯共混物性能的影响,并对不同的共混改性进行简要的技术描述和讨论,认为共混改性是聚丙烯纤维最简单和最具工业化生产价值的改性方法。     

聚丙烯共混改性研究进展

概略地介绍了国内外聚丙烯共混改性研究与应用情况,并重点阐述了聚丙烯共混改性方法、关键技术和几个重要的共混体系,最后介绍了聚丙烯共混改性技术的发展动向。     

PP改性加工工艺的研究现状

总结了近年来聚丙烯改性的方法及加工工艺。介绍了通过共聚、接枝、交联、填充母料、填充或增强改性、共混改性或其他方法(加入成核剂等)对聚丙烯进行的改性，其中，共混改性是聚丙烯改性应用最广的技术。另外，还重点阐述了聚丙烯共混改性的加工工艺。     

聚丙烯共混改性研究进展

介绍了聚丙烯共混改性方法,重点阐述了弹性体三元乙丙橡胶EPDM、乙烯-辛烯共聚物POE对聚丙烯的增韧改性,分析了聚丙烯共混改性影响因素,并对聚丙烯共混改性今后的发展提出了建议。     

改性聚丙烯的结晶行为和熔体强度研究

将实验室自制的长链支化聚丙烯与线性聚丙烯熔融共混,对线性聚丙烯进行了改性,研究了共混改性体系的熔体强度与结晶行为。结果表明,长链支化聚丙烯显著提高了线性聚丙烯的熔体强度。异相成核作用的存在使得共混体系的结晶温度较线性聚丙烯显著提高,结晶速度快,所形成的球晶数量多且尺寸小。     

聚丙烯及其改性技术

介绍了国内外聚丙烯改性技术的现状及发展趋势,结合聚丙烯共混改性关键技术的基本原理,论述了国内在聚丙烯共混改性方面取得的成果和水平。     

共混改性制备高抗冲聚丙烯的研究进展

共混改性法是制备高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的一种重要手段,共混改性可以提高聚丙烯材料韧性或者刚性。本文主要概述了共混改性法制备高抗冲聚丙烯的基本原理和主要途径的最新研究进展,包括弹性体增韧聚丙烯、刚性粒子增韧聚丙烯、成核剂增韧聚丙烯等方面。     

聚酯负离子纤维的制备及其性能研究

将表面改性过的电气石粉体加入到聚酯中,首先共混造粒然后将母粒与聚酯按照一定比例来纺丝。通过比较,研究了电气石粉体含量对切片热力学性质、纤维结晶性能及其力学性能的影响。并通过负离子测试仪测出添加质量分数为2%和4%的粉体的纤维的负离子释放分别达到460个/mL和480个/mL,为公园环境水平的2倍多。     

负离子释放型PBAT功能复合材料的研究

以生物可降解塑料聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为连续相基体、电气石粉为分散相,用改性剂山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯对电气石粉进行表面有机改性,采用湿法熔融共混法制备了PBAT/电气石粉复合材料,探讨了不同工艺条件下改性电气石粉在PBAT中的分散效果,并对PBAT/电气石粉复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性能和负离子释放量进行了考察。结果表明,添加适量的改性电气石粉可以提高PBAT的力学性能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的3%时,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为30.9 MPa和844%,差示扫描量热分析表明,改性电气石粉对PBAT起到异相成核的作用,提高了PBAT的结晶峰温度和结晶度,负离子释放量测试表明,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料具有优异的负离子释放功能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的7%时,复合材料的负离子释放量达到了460个/cm3。     

PET负离子纤维的制备及其性能研究

将经质量分数为3％的钛酸酯偶联剂表面修饰过的电气石粉体加入到聚酯(PET)中共混造粒后母粒法纺丝,制备PET负离子纤维。研究了电气石粉体含量对切片热力学性质、纤维结晶性能和力学性能以及负离子性能的影响。结果表明:随着电气石粉体含量的增加,纺丝温度适当降低,纤维结晶度降低,力学性能略有下降,质量分数为2％和4％粉体的纤维的负离子释放分别达到460个／cm3和480个／cm3。     

Photocatalytic Characteristics of Nanometer-Sized Titania Powders Fabricated by a Homogeneous-Precipitation Process

The photocatalytic characteristics of nanometer-sized TiO₂ powder prepared by a homogeneous-precipitation process (HPP) were compared with those of a commercial powder to determine which powder was better able to remove metal ions, such as lead and copper, from aqueous equimolar metal-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. In aqueous lead-EDTA solution, the TiO₂ powder fabricated by HPP had 3.5 times higher initial adsorption of lead ion and a 1.5 times faster rate for the complete elimination of lead ions than did the commercial powder. In an aqueous copper-EDTA solution, the TiO₂ powder fabricated by HPP also showed higher initial adsorption and a faster elimination rate for copper ions than did the commercial powder. Similarly, the photocatalytic properties were enhanced as the specific surface area increased, and the TiO₂ powder fabricated by HPP, which consisted of coagulated primary particles 20 nm in size, with chestnut-burr shapes, had a larger specific surface area (∼180 m²/g) than that of the commercial powder (∼55 m²/g).     

The effect of CaO on the physicochemical and biological properties of β-SiAlON ceramics

To investigate the effects of CaO on the physicochemical and biological properties of β-SiAlON, β-SiAlON ceramics containing CaO were prepared using the direct nitriding method. The results of X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that β-SiAlON remained in the material phase because the addition of Ca did not result in the formation of Ca-α-SiAlON. However, CaO promoted the sintering of β-SiAlON grains and significantly decreased porosity and increased bulk density and compressive strength. According to a chemical stability study, when β-SiAlON ceramics powder was soaked in deionized water and a cell culture medium, it was noted to have negative electricity. A reaction occurred with the H⁺ and OH⁻ ions in the deionized water, leading to the formation of surface structures, such as Si-OH, Al-OH, and N-H. Moreover, the addition of CaO caused a different chemical reaction among ions or ion groups in the culture medium, and new chemical groups formed on the material surface that interacted with the culture medium, which resulted in an alteration of the zeta potential and surface chemical properties of β-SiAlON. MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the surface of ceramics proved that the cells cannot adhere well to the surface of β-SiAlON ceramics with CaO, although they could proliferate well around those with only β-SiAlON. Therefore, the change in the surface chemical properties provides good anticell adhesion ability, which makes β-SiAlON with CaO a biocompatible material that can be used to prevent contamination caused by cell adhesion, with possible applications in biosensors or biomedical equipment that must be used in sterile environments.     

Influence of surface oxide layer of SiC powder on the rheological properties of its slurry

In this paper, the influence of surface oxide layer of SiC powder on the rheological behavior of its slurry was studied by acid washing, HF etching, and calcination oxidation processes. Zeta potential, particle size, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and viscosity tests indicated the main factor that resulted in high viscosity of slurry is impure ions existing either on the powder surface or in the water phase, rather than the surface oxide layer. After the impure ions are removed, the surface oxide layer formed at a calcination temperature range of 400°C-750°C does not cause an increase in the slurry viscosity, but contributes to an improvement in the rheological properties of SiC slurry.     

负离子铸铁搪瓷的研制

通过将电气石磨加到铸铁搪瓷面釉中,并对铸铁搪瓷的制作工艺进行合理设计,获得了具有产生负离子功能的铸铁搪瓷。经ITC-201A Smart IonsMonitor负离子测试仪检测,其发射负离子最高可达28090个/cm3,1m in平均值为1160个/cm3。用X-射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对负离子铸铁搪瓷的晶体结构和显微结构进行分析,结果表明,该铸铁搪瓷面釉中所磨加的电气石,经过涂搪烧成后,其晶体结构没有发生相变,仍为六方柱状晶体。从而得出结论:磨加电气石超细粉体是使该铸铁搪瓷获得负离子功能的主要原因。     

负离子材料对骨质瓷坯料性能的影响

将负离子粉,电气石和麦饭石作为负离子材料分别加入骨质瓷坯料中,研究负离子材料对骨质瓷坯料性能的影响规律,确定负离子材料的种类与添加量.结果表明:在骨质瓷坯料泥浆中加入负离子材料能够使骨质瓷坯料泥浆相对粘度和触变性增大,比重变小.麦饭石对样品的烧成收缩的影响最明显.负离子材料的添加量增加,样品的负离子释放量增大,添加负离子粉的样品最为明显.负离子材料影响骨质瓷白度,添加量越多白度降低越明显;在添加量相同的情况下,加入负离子粉的样品白度更高.在骨质瓷坯料中加入负离子材料能够使施釉后烧成的骨质瓷成品仍然具有负离子释放能力.     

离子掩蔽法制备铜银双金属粉及其主要影响因素

本文在采用化学置换法制备铜银双金属粉的基础上,在制备过程中添加离子掩蔽剂,以最大程度地消除铜氨络合离子在铜粉表面的吸附,实现银在铜粉表面的连续包覆。同时分析了掩蔽原理及包摩尔比、覆量、温度对双金属粉导电性能的影响。实验结果表明:离子掩蔽剂法制备的铜银双金属粉末具备了优良的抗氧化性能,其主要影响因素为包覆量及摩尔比。