医用聚氨酯材料的研究进展及发展方向

综述了医用聚氨酯材料在人工心脏、人造血管、矫形绷带、粘合剂、人工皮肤、药物载体等领域的研究进展,指出今后医用聚氨酯材料的发展方向是可生物降解,具有形状记忆功能,可应用于组织工程,具有高生物相容性和抗菌性等。     

医用可生物降解聚氨酯材料研究进展

可生物降解聚氨酯材料具有良好的生物相容性、机械强度好、易加工等特点,在医学中应用十分广泛。本文综述了可生物降解聚氨酯材料在医学上的应用、研究进展并对聚氨酯的组织相容性、血液相容性及降解性能进行了讨论,展望了其在医学中的发展前景。     

聚乳酸类药物控释载体材料研究进展

生物降解性载体材料已越来越多地应用到药物控释体系中,聚乳酸因其原料易得、容易加工、生物相容性好、具有可生物降解性等优点,已经成为当今药剂载体材料中的一大研究热点。本文从控释机理、给药系统的制备以及影响控释因素三方面入手,论述了聚乳酸类药物控释载体材料的最新研究进展。     

纳米药物载体在医药领域应用的研究进展

纳米药物载体由于在提高药物稳定性、药物的缓释和控释、生物相容性及靶向性上具有诸多优点,深受科学家的青睐,是现今医药领域研究的热点之一。纳米药物载体种类繁多,本文选取具有典型代表性的纳米脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米囊和纳米球、聚合物胶束以及磁性纳米颗粒等纳米药物载体,对其结构性能、优缺点及应用研究进展作简要的综述,并就研发新的纳米药物载体进行展望。     

聚氨酯材料在生物领域上的研究进展及应用

有微相结构的嵌段型聚氨酯（SPU）具有良好的力学性能、高弹性、耐磨性、润滑性、耐疲劳性、生物相容性,生物稳定性,机械强度好等特点,被广泛应用于医学生物材料上。本论文着重介绍了聚氨酯材料在生物降解、生物相容、生物载体、抗菌以及其他方面的应用。     

生物降解聚合物药物微球的制备方法

综述了近年来生物降解聚合物药物微球的制备方法。随着药剂学的不断发展,传统的载药体系已经不能满足其需求。因此出现了许多新型的具有不同功能特性的药物载体。生物降解聚合物微球由于其结构组成可设计,并具有良好的安全性、生物相容性和生物降解性,可用作药物控释载体、表面改性、支架材料等,在生物医学领域获得了广泛的重视和应用。     

聚天冬氨酸衍生物的研究进展及其在药物控释和组织工程领域中的应用

聚天冬氨酸衍生物是一种具有良好生物相容性、生物降解性的新材料.作者综述了聚天冬氨酸衍生物的研究进展,介绍了共聚法、一般开环法、开环交联法制备聚天冬氨酸衍生物,以及近几年聚天冬氨酸衍生物作为共价大分子复合体、胶束药物载体、水凝胶药物载体在药物控释方面的研究进展,及其在组织工程支架上的应用.     

药物缓释用生物降解性高分子载体材料的研究

生物降解性聚合物安全、可靠,有良好的生物相容性,可通过生理途径代谢排出体外,成为了药物载体的首选材料。本文简要综述了主要常用天然和合成生物降解性聚合物,如壳聚糖、环糊精、胶原、聚乳酸、聚酸酐、氨基酸类聚合物的制备方法,在药物缓释体系的作用和效果,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

pH敏感型聚合物胶束作为药物载体研究进展

近年来,刺激响应型聚合物胶束作为纳米药物载体因其独特的优势,如具有靶向性高、良好的生物相容性和毒副作用小等优势,而应用于药物靶向治疗中,其中pH敏感型聚合物胶束是基于生理条件下包载药物,特定pH条件下释放药物,而达到药物靶向释放目的。本文主要综述pH敏感型聚合物胶束的种类、特性、应用于药物靶向治疗的原理和研究进展,为开发和应用pH敏感型聚合物胶束提供参考。     

海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微载体的研究进展

海藻酸钠(sodium alginate,SA)是从褐藻类中提取的一种具有生物活性、可生物降解的聚阴离子电解质;壳聚糖(chitosan,CS)是一种天然的、含有氨基的亲水性多糖,是一种聚阳离子电解质。SA/CS微载体是一种天然的高分子材料,具有无毒性、生物相容性、生物降解性,且能够与生物大分子药物结合,使其所载药物可缓慢且稳定地释放,从而实现药物的靶向作用,因此SA/CS微载体在生物医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文就SA/CS微载体的生物特性、制备方法、体外释放特性及其作为药物载体的相关应用作一综述。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。