功能性吸湿导湿机织物的开发及性能研究

以云母冰凉纱、Coolmax纱、云母纤维和竹浆纤维混纺纱为原料,设计开发出三组不同纤维质量比(云母、Coolmax、竹浆的质量比为70/20/10、60/30/10、50/40/10)、不同组织(麦粒组织和透孔组织)的吸湿导湿凉爽型单层机织物,并对这三组机织物的基本服用性能和吸湿导湿性能进行测试,分析纤维质量比对功能性吸湿导湿机织物的影响。结果表明:开发出的三组机织物均具有吸湿导湿的功能。     

组织结构对防紫外凉爽织物性能的影响

以云母冰凉纤维和棉纤维的混纺纱、防紫外涤纶纱为原料,设计开发具有防紫外、凉爽功能的斜纹组织、透孔组织和小提花组织三种组织结构的单层织物,并对这三种不同组织结构织物的基本性能、防紫外性能和导湿性能进行测试,分析组织结构对织物性能的影响,优选出小提花组织为综合性能最佳的织物结构。     

吸湿排汗纤维开发与性能研究

对影响吸湿排汗纤维截面形状的主要纺丝工艺参数进行了探讨;比较了纤维截面形状的变化对织物吸湿快 干能力的影响。结果表明在一定范围内,纤维截面形状的变化对织物吸湿快干能力无明显影响;通过对吸湿排汗纤维进行 亲水整理,织物的吸湿快干能力得到显著提高并具有持久性。     

织物吸湿速干性能影响因素分析

从市场上随机抽取标称吸湿速干或相关功能性的服装产品,采用GB/T 21655.2—2009对其各项指标进行测试,并分析了织物组织结构、纤维截面、织物面密度等因素对织物吸湿速干性能的影响,探讨了单向传递指数表征织物速干性能的合理性。结果表明,疏水改性化学纤维被广泛用于吸湿速干服装,且针织物的吸湿速干性能优于机织物,轻薄型优于厚重型,低密度优于高密度。     

Coolmax纤维与竹原纤维导湿速干机织物的开发

以竹原纤维和Coolmax纤维的混纺纱作为原料,设计开发了平纹、绉组织、方格3种组织结构的具有导湿速干功能的单层机织物,并对这3种织物的导湿速干性能进行测试分析。结果表明:开发的3种机织物都可达到导湿速干的效果,并优选出绉组织为导湿速干性能相对较好的机织物。     

多功能温控织物的开发与性能研究

相变材料能够在发生相变的同时产生或吸收热能,其应用覆盖了许多领域。采用Outlast调温纱线与抗菌涤纶分别作为经纬纱交织,使织物在具有智能调温性能的同时,还具有良好的吸湿排汗性能以及抗菌性能,然后对织物进行防紫外整理,测试结果表明:该织物温控性能良好,吸湿快干表现优异,同时防紫外线性能以及抗菌性能也达到了国家标准的要求。     

织物组织结构对织物热湿舒适性能的影响

以148 dtex纯Coolmax为经纱,146 dtex麻赛尔/棉混纺纱为纬纱,设计开发了花型、3/1斜纹、五枚经面缎纹和八枚加强缎纹4种不同织物组织结构的吸湿导湿织物,并对不同织物的厚度、面密度、保暖性、热阻、湿阻、水分蒸发率、芯吸高度、吸水性进行测试,分析织物组织结构对织物热湿舒适性的影响,得出3/1斜纹和五枚缎纹织物的热湿舒适性能较优。     

组织结构对调温织物的性能影响

以Outlast空调纤维混纺纱为原料,设计织造了平纹组织、方格组织、皱组织机织物小样,并对试样的调温性能以及服用基本性能进行测试分析。结果表明:Outlast空调纤维机织物符合服用性能标准,皱组织织物调温性能最优。     

不锈钢/涤纶混纺织物的电磁屏蔽效能

为了研究纱线中不锈钢纤维含量、嵌条排列比和织物组织结构对织物电磁屏蔽效能的影响,设计了正交试验,织造出相应的织物试样并测试电磁屏蔽效能。结果显示:不同组织结构的织物对不同频率的电磁波屏蔽效能存在差异,且同一织物的电磁屏蔽效能随着电磁波频率的增加呈现先增加后降低再增加的趋势;不锈钢/涤纶以混纺纱的方式,即不锈钢纤维较均匀地分布在织物中,织物具有较好的电磁屏蔽效能;排列比、不锈钢纤维含量、组织结构对织物防电磁屏蔽效能作用依次降低。     

抗菌PP/PA6复合超细纤维的研制

以无机抗菌剂、聚丙烯(PP)和聚己内酰胺(PA6)为原料,采用复合纺丝技术制备抗菌PP/PA6复合纤维,对其生产工艺及纤维性能进行了研究。结果表明:抗菌剂的加入,对纺丝工艺没有明显的影响。选择PA6纺丝温度260～270℃,抗菌PP纺丝温度268～280℃,生产的抗菌PP/PA6复合纤维截面稳定清晰,经染整加工后可得到抗菌PP/PA6复合超细纤维。经检测,纤维织物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎杆菌、白色念株菌具有抑菌作用,其织物具有吸湿排汗快干功能。     

干爽型调温织物的开发

以热舒适理论、织物中水传导机制、相变蓄热调温机制为基础,构建了干爽型调温织物的结构模型。采用Coolmax混纺纱、黏胶纱、Outlast空调纤维混纺纱为原料,设计织造了5种纱线原料含量比不同的机织物小样,并对试样的吸湿速干性能以及调温性能进行测试分析。结果表明:开发的干爽型调温织物可同时达到吸湿速干与调温的效果。     

竹炭改性涤纶机织物远红外性能的测试与分析

为了研究竹炭改性涤纶织物的远红外性能及相关影响因素,将7种不同规格的竹炭纤维机织物进行了远红外发射率的测试与分析,并采用正交方法探究了影响竹炭织物远红外功能的因素。结果表明:随着织物中竹炭纤维含量的增加,织物的远红外发射率增大;竹炭纤维织物中经、纬纱的竹炭纤维含量对其远红外发射率的影响是非常显著的,纱线的线密度对织物的远红外发射率影响也是显著的,而织物组织对织物的远红外发射率几乎没有影响。     

Comparison of mechanical and ballistic performance of composite laminates produced from single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven structures

Textile structures have become quite popular as reinforcement materials in composite laminates due to their high impact‐damage tolerance and energy absorption ability. The impact performance of textile composites is not only affected by the type of fiber/matrix but also by the fabric structure used as reinforcement. The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical and ballistic performance of composite laminates reinforced with single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics. Kevlar^®−29 multifilament yarn was used for preparation of all the fabric structures and epoxy resin was used as the matrix system. The composites were produced using a hand lay‐up method, followed by compression molding. The mechanical and ballistic performance of composites reinforced with single‐layer and double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics was investigated in this study. The energy absorption and mechanical failure behavior of composites during the impact event were found to be strongly affected by the weave design of the reinforcement. The composites reinforced with double‐layer interlocked woven fabrics were found to perform better than those comprising single‐layer fabrics in terms of impact energy absorption and mechanical failure. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1583–1591, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Research of polylactide porous hollow nanofiber membrane with high selective absorption characteristics

A porous hollow fiber membrane using polylactide (PLA), a representative bio-derived polymer, was successfully fabricated. The use of high surface area fabrics can effectively absorb liquids, making it possible to impart selective absorbency to fabrics made of hydrophobic PLA. In this study, a porous PLA fabric was developed by applying the porosity of the fiber surface depending on the solvent, and the change was confirmed by morphological image analysis. To increase the total surface area effectively, hollow fibers were fabricated with coaxial electrospinning to maintain the pores of the surface while having a hollow space, and the changed oil absorption based on the fiber structure was measured. To enhance the selective absorption of the fabric to the oil, a coating process using nanoparticle was added. Dodecyltrichlorosilane-treated silica became superhydrophobic by attaching special functional groups to the surface of the particles. The treated silica was coated on the surface of the fabric to provide the functionality. To confirm the selective absorbency of the coated fabric, changes in oil and water absorption were analyzed, and the performance of the fabric was demonstrated. The fabricated PLA porous hollow fiber membranes are expected to replace existing products in the fields of tissue engineering, biofilters, and environment-friendly fabrics.     

Wrinkling mechanism of woven cotton fabrics during domestic tumble drying

Cotton wrinkling after home laundry has become an unfavorable phenomenon for consumers for a long time. Research has indicated that the wrinkles during tumble drying result from complicated changes of fabric physical properties as well as drying parameters such as temperature of drying air and drying duration. However, most of the research that has been done in this field has showed certain limitations, such as not simulating the real drying process or not understanding the cotton wrinkling mechanism accurately. This research, through an experimental design of 21 cotton fabrics in tumble drying, has explained the wrinkling behavior of woven cotton fabric in different drying stages and has investigated the wrinkling forming stage during tumble drying. Results showed that fabric characterization (such as thickness, density, and weight) does not significantly influence the smoothness appearance of the cotton fabrics in the tumble dryer. Moreover, heater power in the falling-rate period (heater power 2) and relative humidity dividing point between falling-rate period and unheated air blowing stage (air RH dividing point 2) were the most important factors that influenced the smoothness appearance of cotton fabrics. Therefore, it is indicated that wrinkles are formed in the latter part of the drying cycle. The results can provide a reference for dryer design and drying performance optimization.     

木棉纤维性能及其功能织物开发研究新进展

木棉纤维是一种绿色生态的天然纤维,由于其特殊结构及化学组成,可赋予织物吸湿保暖、抗菌防螨、防钻绒等多种功能。通过分析木棉纤维性能,结合由不同用途开发与生产的功能织物,进一步讨论了木棉纤维目前存在的问题与开发前景,为木棉纤维功能性织物的开发提供研发思路与参考实例。     

Outlast空调纤维机织面料的开发与性能研究

以Outlast空调纤维混纺纱为原料,开发了2/2↗加强斜纹机织面料。对Outlast空调纤维纱的力学性能和耐热性进行了测试与表征,对织物的基本结构以及热湿舒适性、外观保持性和调温性能进行了测试,结果表明:该Outlast空调纤维机织面料调温效果明显,具有广阔的市场前景。