Cu-Cr-La/γ-Al_2O_3催化N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺合成

以对硝基苯胺与丁酮为原料,Cu-Cr-La/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,在高压釜中合成了N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺。考察了催化剂的选用、反应温度、反应时间、反应压力和反应物的配比对反应的影响。通过优化工艺,得到了合成N,N’-二仲丁基对苯二胺的适宜反应条件为:反应温度180℃、反应时间10 h、反应压力3.5 MPa、对硝基苯胺与丁酮的质量比为1∶4。此条件下得到的产品质量分数为97.0%,原料转化率达100%。催化剂循环套用3次,产品质量分数和原料转化率没有明显的下降。并在实验室小试的基础上,成功地进行了中试实验。     

液相催化加氢制备对苯二胺

以对硝基苯胺为原料,乙醇为溶剂,采用骨架镍作催化剂,液相催化加氢制备对苯二胺。该工艺路线可行,最佳反应条件为温度90～110℃,压力1.5～2.0MPa,在最佳条件下产品收率大于90.0%,产品含量大于99.0%。     

KT-02负载型镍催化剂用于对硝基苯酚催化加氢

以KT-02新型Ni/SiO2催化对硝基苯酚加氢制备对氨基苯酚,考察了温度、压力、搅拌速度等因素对反应的影响,并对催化剂进行了套用实验。实验表明,以甲醇为溶剂,加入8%催化剂,在90-95℃、1.5 MPa氢压条件下反应4.5 h,对硝基苯酚转化率和对氨基苯酚选择性均可达98%,催化剂套用8次以上。     

催化加氢制备3-氯-4-氟苯胺的研究

研究了以Pt-Cu-S/C作催化剂,3-氯-4-氟硝基苯常压加氢制备3-氯-4-氟苯胺的方法,考察了该催化剂对3-氯-4-氟硝基苯的催化加氢反应的性能,探讨了影响加氢反应的主要因素。实验表明,催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性。当催化剂中Pt的质量分数为1%,Cu的质量分数为0.1%,S的质量分数为0.03%,催化剂用量为硝基物质量的0.5%,溶剂用量2 m L甲醇/1 g硝基物,反应温度80℃,压力为1.5 MPa时,3-氯-4-氟苯胺的产率为98%,纯度达99.5%以上。     

连续化反应制备N,N'-双乙酰乙酰基-2,5-二甲基对苯二胺

以4-硝基-2,5-二甲基苯胺为原料,采用Pt/C催化加氢还原,过滤得到的溶液直接与双乙烯酮反应制备N,N'-双乙酰乙酰基-2,5-二甲基对苯二胺。考察了催化加氢的温度、氢气压力、催化剂用量和回用以及双乙酰乙酰化温度对结果的影响。实验结果:1%的Pt/C催化剂用量为4-硝基-2,5-二甲基苯胺的0.5%,氢气压力0.8 MPa,反应温度80℃,双乙酰乙酰化温度40℃,得到的产品含量98.5%,总收率95%。     

强碱性体系中4-硝基二苯胺催化加氢还原工艺研究

针对4 硝基二苯胺在强碱性体系中的特性,采用自制的Ni/C加氢还原催化剂,对催化加氢还原工艺条件进行了研究,得到加氢还原反应的适宜工艺条件为:温度100℃、压力2 0MPa、进料质量分数20%和液相空时2h。在此反应条件下,4 硝基二苯胺的转化率达到99%以上,产物RT培司的收率维持在95%以上。     

催化加氢制备4-氨基二苯胺的工艺研究

本文探索了4-氨基二苯胺合成方法中的最新工艺硝基苯法加氢工艺的研究.经实验确定的优化条件为:Raney镍为催化荆,催化荆用量为对硝基二苯胺质量的10%,甲醇为溶剂,用量为与对硝基二苯胺缩合液体积比为1:1,于80℃以下.反应起始压力0.5 MPa,反应压力1.5 MPa,反应时间90分钟,加氢转化率达100%,4-氨基二苯胺收率95%,并用气相色谱和高效液相色谱对产物进行了定性和定量分析.     

邻硝基乙苯催化加氢制备邻乙基苯胺

研究了以邻硝基乙苯为原料，经催化加氢还原成邻乙基苯胺的过程：考察了不同催化剂，催化剂的用量，反应温度、氢气压，搅拌速度等对邻硝基乙苯加氢反应速度的影响。结果表明，采用催化剂Raney Ni，最佳的加氢工艺条件为：反应温度140℃、氢压3．0MPa、搅拌转速1300r/min、催化剂用量为1％，邻硝基乙苯加氢的转化率＞99．5％，产物邻乙基苯胺的纯度＞99．5％。     

KT-02负载型镍催化剂作用下合成4,4’-二氨基二苯醚的工艺研究

以新型工业级KT-02 Ni/SiO2为催化剂,液相催化加氢由4,4’-二硝基二苯醚(DNDPE)制备4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(DADPE),用熔点测定和FT-IR等分析测试手段鉴定了其结构。考察了温度、压力、搅拌速度及催化剂加入量等条件对加氢反应的影响,并对催化剂进行了套用实验。结果表明,以甲醇为反应介质,加入10%的KT-02镍催化剂,在90℃、2.0MPa氢压条件下反应8h,DADPE转化率大于98%,反应选择性超过97%;催化剂可至少套用8次。     

催化加氢制备对氨基二苯胺

本文研究了对硝基二苯胺催化加氢制备对氨基二苯胺的合成方法.对影响反应的各种困素进行了探索.经实验确定的优化条件为:温度100℃,反应压力1.0Mpa;95%(W)乙醇为溶剂,其用量400ml/mol对硝基二苯胺,催化剂用量为对硝基二苯胺重量的2%,反应时间90分钟,加氢转化率达100%.用气相色谱和质谱对产物进行了定量和定性分析.     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows     

船舶柴油机涡轮增压器的清洗

采用喷射清洗剂的方法，清洗涡轮叶片积炭。