基于改进Kalman滤波算法的多模型融合建模方法

针对聚合物生产过程重要质量控制指标或状态变量的软测量问题,提出了一种基于改进Kalman滤波算法的多模型融合建模方法。将混合核函数主元分析(K₂PCA)与人工神经网络(ANN)相结合,建立一种基于K₂PCA-ANN的数据驱动模型;利用改进Kalman滤波算法实现K₂PCA-ANN模型与机理模型融合,构建一种并联结构的混合模型;协调二次滤波(线性滑动平滑)和方差更新对混合模型进行优化处理,使混合模型的估计性能尽可能地达到最优,使混合模型的预测稳定性得到有效改善。将该多模型融合建模方法应用于氯乙烯聚合过程聚合速率软测量中,应用研究结果表明:与单一的机理模型或K₂PCA-ANN数据驱动模型的预测性能相比,该建模方法建立的聚合速率模型具有更佳的预测性能。该建模方法的运用为进一步开展聚合物生产过程优化与控制等研究提供基础条件。     

基于改进差分进化和最小二乘支持向量机的铝酸钠溶液浓度软测量

针对氧化铝蒸发过程铝酸钠溶液浓度难以在线检测问题,提出了改进差分进化和最小二乘支持向量机的铝酸钠溶液浓度软测量建模方法。首先基于灰色关联分析和核主成分分析确定模型的输入变量,再用改进差分进化算法的最小二乘支持向量机构建软测量模型。并与DE-LSSVM软测量模型进行比较;最后应用蒸发过程生产数据进行验证,结果表明,新模型具有更好的学习能力和泛化性能且预测精度更高,可为蒸发过程操作优化提供必要的指导。     

基于苯乙烯过程生产数据驱动的软测量模型研究

针对苯乙烯生产过程的特点,引入软测量技术在线预测苯乙烯生产过程的一些关键参数,介绍了人工智能BP神经网络和部分最小二乘方法的软测量建模方法,基于企业生产数据研究了乙苯脱氢转化率、第一脱氢反应器脱氢转化率、第二脱氢反应器脱氢转化率和苯乙烯选择性等关键变量的软测量方法,对比了BP神经网络和部分最小二乘方法建模优缺点,应用结果表明,基于BP神经网络所建立的关键参数的软测量模型可真实再现实际苯乙烯生产过程,为安全可靠监控苯乙烯生产过程及未来实施先进及优化控制技术奠定了基础。     

计算机通信及神经网络技术在软测量中的应用

介绍了基于OPC的DCS与微机网络数据通信技术和基于神经网络预估技术在生产过程软测量系统中的应用。以某己内酰胺装置软测量系统的开发为例 ,讨论了相关技术问题和解决思路。现场的实测数据仿真验证结果表明了软测量系统的有效性 ,最后给出了软测量技术应与生产过程优化相结合的方向发展     

基于混合核函数PCR方法的工业过程软测量建模

针对核函数PCR方法中单个核函数的局限性，提出了混合核函数PCR方法并将其用于工业过程软测量建模，以提高模型的推广能力和非线性处理能力。混合核函数集中了多个核函数的特点，兼具局部和全局特性，并可以通过参数调节他们对混合核函数的作用，将过程的先验知识融入到核函数的确定，进而适合不同的应用。工业丙烯腈生产过程丙烯腈收率软测量建模的应用表明，基于混合核函数PCR的软测量模型要优于核函数PCR方法，满足了工业应用要求。     

自适应软测量方法在动液面预测中的研究与应用

针对传统人工检测方法在测量动液面时存在精度低、实时性差等问题,采用软测量技术来完成对动液面的测量工作.根据对现场数据特性的分析,提出采用经验模态分解和基于黑洞的最小二乘支持向量机预测相结合的算法来实现动液面软测量建模;通过构建模型性能评价模块,动态更新模型,解决在油田生产过程中,静态模型不能完全反映生产工况导致模型失效的问题,提高算法的自适应能力及预测量精度.最后通过对油田生产现场监测数据进行实验验证,结果表明,该方法对油田动液面测量精度高,对生产波动的自适应能力强,满足油田现场测试使用要求,提高油田生产自动化程度.     

竖炉燃烧过程智能故障预报系统

赤铁矿竖炉燃烧过程机理复杂,运行工况变化频繁,使得故障易发,从而导致生产不稳定。将案例推理和软测量技术相结合,提出一种竖炉燃烧过程的智能故障预报方法。软测量模型对难以在线测量的关键工艺参数进行实时测量,基于案例检索与重用的故障预报模型根据过程数据及关键工艺参数软测量值的变化对燃烧过程的典型故障进行趋势预报,采用概率的形式表达诊断结果,并提供操作指导,可以有效避免故障的发生。将建立的故障预报系统应用于竖炉燃烧过程的生产实际中,故障发生率明显降低,表明了方法的有效性。     

混合核支持向量机在化工软测量中的应用研究

针对核函数方法中单个核函数的局限性,提出混合核支持向量机建模方法以提高模型的泛化能力和精度.本文的混合核函数由一个局部核函数和一个全局核函数线性组合而成,并可以通过参数来调节局部和全局核函数对混合核函数的作用.通过对工业双酚A生产过程软测量建模的仿真研究表明.混合核支持向量机软测量模型适用于化工建模并具有较好的泛化能力.     

基于改进BP神经元网络的软测量技术

针对基本BP神经元网络建立软测量模型所存在的几个问题：例如基本BP算法收敛速度较慢而且泛化能力较低等。本文尝试提出了变尺度与变步长相结合的改进BP神经网络软测量建模方法,以提高软测量模型的训练速度和外推能力,为软测量技术的在线应用提供更大的方便。实验结果表明：该改进BP神经元网络软测量建模方法在训练速度和外推能力方面有较大改善。     

基于加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模

针对化工过程软测量模型的多样性,提出基于一种加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模方法。将输入向量与输出的相关性作为加权系数,构建加权模糊聚类算法,对样本空间的输入数据进行聚类,然后用与输入变量对应的子模型进行输出估计,子模型输出作为系统模型的最终输出。该方法能够实现对输入数据更加合理的划分,提高软测量模型的精度。将该方法应用于双酚A生产过程的质量指标软测量建模,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.