湿化学法制备纳米陶瓷粉体中膜清洗工艺基础研究

以TiCl4水解法合成的TiO2超微粒子为对象, 进行无机陶瓷微滤膜清洗过滤研究.考察了操作压力、错流速率、浆料浓度等工艺参数的影响, 确立适合于超微粒子膜清洗过滤的工艺条件为0.1 MPa, 5 m*s-1.实验结果表明, 膜清洗过滤效率、操作方式以及产品质量等方面都明显优于目前工业生产上普遍应用的板框压滤机, 为无机陶瓷微滤膜技术应用于湿化学法合成超微粒子清洗过滤提供了科学与工程化依据.     

自动超声波清洗陶瓷过滤板技术

本文介绍了自动超声波清洗陶瓷过滤板的工作原理及大体结构,为了增加陶瓷过滤板清洗效率,延长陶板的使用寿命,对于陶瓷过滤机的长期发展,研究此项技术是非常有必要的。     

硅溶胶堵塞陶瓷过滤板机理初探

硅溶胶对陶瓷过滤板的堵塞非常普遍,常规的清洗方法很难奏效。本文对硅溶胶堵塞陶瓷过滤板的机理和清洗方法进行了深入系统的研究,找到了解决这个难题的正确方案。     

陶瓷微滤膜在回收矿浆工业废水中的应用与再生性能研究

对陶瓷微滤膜在矿浆工业废水中的应用及陶瓷膜的再生性能进行了研究。针对矿浆悬浮液中的固液相性质,选择陶瓷微滤膜对已经经过预处理的矿浆进行过滤与脱水。经多次过滤后的陶瓷膜用正、反冲洗法进行冲洗并考察膜再生性能。研究认为对某些已经经过预处理的矿浆用陶瓷微滤膜过滤,效果明显;用水正反冲洗后再生性能良好,膜的使用寿命长。     

陶瓷过滤机高效、节能机理与过滤板清洗技术的进展

通过对陶瓷过滤机的基本原理及工作程序的综述,剖析了固液分离用陶瓷过滤板的高效、节能机理与清洗过滤板的方法。     

过滤器烧结网滤芯再生措施探讨

在溶剂纺的制胶工艺中,烧结网滤芯是一种使用比较广泛的滤芯,该滤芯在使用一段时间后,需要进行清洗后再重新使用。介绍了烧结网滤芯的三种主要再生方法:溶液反冲法、加热挥发法以及超声波清洗法。由于三种再生方案单独使用时清洗效果不好,因此根据过滤介质及其所含杂质的特性不同,将三种清洗方法组合成三种不同的清洗方案:反冲与加热法组合,反冲与超声波组合以及反冲与加热、超声波组合。针对所过滤杂质的不同,分别使用不同的组合方案,能较好地提高滤芯清洗质量,延长滤芯使用寿命。     

一种新型体外清洗滤料核桃壳过滤器

油田污水处理系统常用的过滤器有两种:水力加气方式清洗滤料的多介质过滤器和机械搅拌方式清洗滤料的核桃壳过滤器。改性污水处理工艺产生的污泥主要成分是碳酸钙,过滤时极易穿透吸附在滤床滤料上,使滤料不能彻底洗净,再生难度加大。研制了一种新型体外清洗滤料核桃壳过滤器,采用独特的滤料罐外流化循环大强度清洗技术,能彻底清洗滤料,使滤料再生,同时污水处理能力较多介质过滤器提高了一倍,用水量降至原来的25%左右,具有推广价值。     

筒式过滤器滤芯在线清洗技术试验研究

针对筒式过滤器过滤后滤芯再生问题,分析了几种在线清洗技术的清洗效果,对比总结筒式过滤器滤芯在线清洗的优选方式。     

氧化铝泡沫陶瓷过滤板喷浆工艺的应用研究

本文简单介绍了泡沫陶瓷过滤板的制备工艺、分类及应用领域,对氧化铝材质的泡沫陶瓷过滤板喷浆料的粒度、含水率、喷浆量等因素进行了分析.对比了手动喷浆和自动喷浆的优缺点,并研究了上浆后喷浆和干燥后喷浆的利弊及适用条件,以及对泡沫陶瓷喷浆工艺做了较为全面的分析,希望能帮助泡沫陶瓷过滤板厂家进一步了解喷浆工艺在泡沫陶瓷生产工艺中的作用.     

陶瓷膜在高温燃煤烟气净化中的比选研究

采用三种材质不同的陶瓷膜对某燃煤电站高温烟气进行了过滤性能和清灰再生性能的实验研究。主要考查了过滤速度及粉尘浓度对陶瓷膜过滤效率的影响,结果表明,过滤速度越大,过滤效率越高;粉尘浓度增加,过滤效率升高。在模拟实际电厂条件下,氧化铝陶瓷膜的过滤性能优于堇青石陶瓷膜和莫来石陶瓷膜,且清灰再生效果也最佳,是高温燃煤烟气净化的合适材料。     

操作参数对陶瓷过滤管脉冲反吹清灰过程的影响

在由单根陶瓷过滤管组成的实验装置上,利用U形管压差计及压阻式压力传感器分别测定了过滤含粉煤灰气体时滤管内外压差和脉冲反吹时滤管内的瞬态压力. 结果表明,在进入连续稳定循环过程后,单根滤管在各个循环的清灰效率仍存在较大的波动.在过滤参数不变而仅改变反吹参数的情况下,可依据反吹压力波形正压峰值来判断清灰效率的优劣. 同时分析了重要操作参数对反吹压力波形及清灰效率的影响. 指出脉冲宽度对清灰效率几乎没有影响;在满足清灰要求的前提下,再提高反吹压力对清灰并没有明显的改善效果;而过高的过滤速度对清灰效率极为不利,会导致过滤循环操作无法正常进行.     

陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹全过程的瞬变流场计算

采用二维轴对称非稳态流动模型对陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹全过程中滤管内外的瞬变流场进行了数值模拟,所计算的滤管外径向速度波形与实验测定结果基本吻合,给出了从正常过滤过程到脉冲反吹结束的全过程中引射区域和滤管内速度场及温度场的变化, 分析了反吹气体温度对滤管内温度分布的影响.模拟结果表明,过滤器的操作温度与反吹气体温度差提高,会加剧滤管轴向方向脉冲清灰不均匀性.     

陶瓷过滤器滤管脉冲反吹过程的流动特性

在由三根陶瓷滤管组成的实验装置上 ,利用热线风速仪对脉冲反吹时滤管外瞬态流场进行了测定 ,分析了喷吹压力、脉冲宽度、过滤气速和喷吹距离对滤管外流场的影响。随着离开滤管距离的增加 ,喷吹速度和回流速度逐渐减小。结果表明 ,回流现象和喷吹气流沿轴向的不均匀性是影响过滤器脉冲反吹性能的重要因素     

陶瓷过滤器滤管外瞬态流场

在由 3根陶瓷滤管组成的实验装置上 ,利用热线风速仪对脉冲反吹时滤管外瞬态流场进行了测定 ,分析了喷吹压力和脉冲宽度对滤管外流场的影响。结果表明 ,滤管外流场存在严重的气体回流区 ,回流速度峰值数倍于正常过滤气速。随着离开滤管壁面距离的增加 ,喷吹速度和回流速度逐渐减小 .随着喷吹压力的增加 ,反吹速度和回流速度也显著增加 .     

陶瓷过滤器脉冲反吹用喷嘴优化设计

The experimental study was carried out to optimize the nozzle shape and dimension for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle. A bench scale unit of ceramic filter consisting of four commercial filter elements was used to measure the traces of the transient pressure around the nozzle and the overpressure in the filter cavity during the pulse-jet injection of pulse gas. Overpressure in the filter cavity is related to the pulse cleaning force. Nozzle design is concerned to increase the overpressure at the open end of filter element of pulse cleaning inlet, as well as to minimize the consumption of pulse gas. Convergent nozzle induces more secondary flow and generates higher pulse cleaning effect than straight nozzle. Nozzles of different convergent ratio （ratio of outlet to inlet diameter of nozzle） by changing the convergent angle and height were tested. The outlet diameter of convergent nozzle seriously influences the cleaning effect. The optimum convergent ratio increases with the increase of pulse gas pressure The nozzle position （distance of nozzle tip from the open end of filter inlet） is also important to decide the nozzle dimension. Nozzle of large outlet diameter accepts high pressure of pulse gas to provide large overpressure in the filter cavity of top position by applying long distance.     

Operation of ceramic candle filter at high temperature for PFBC application

In order to develop a reliable system of a ceramic filter for paniculate collection at high temperatures like Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC), an experimental study was carried out to observe the characteristics of the ceramic filter utilizing a simple block weigh-down. One block weigh-down fixes four commercial filter elements coincidentally by pressing down the individual venturi diffuser. Its operational performance was investigated in the temperature range of 600-800 °C in a bench scale unit using oil combustion gas into which fly ash was fed. The transient aspects of the temperature and pressure in the pulse cleaning system were also observed during the pulse cleaning.     

自动反洗表面过滤器在净化污酸处理中的应用

介绍了重庆华强化肥有限公司2×80 kt/a硫铁矿制酸净化工序技术改造情况。采用"文—电"稀酸洗净化工艺代替"文—间—电"水洗净化工艺,用板式稀酸冷却器代替间冷器,用自动反洗表面过滤器代替澄清池和斜板沉降池,用陶瓷真空过滤机代替压滤机。改造后w（H₂SO₄）约30%的稀酸送入干吸工序和磷铵萃取工序回用,陶瓷真空过滤机产生的w（Fe）>61%滤渣直接外售,每年增加直接经济效益约350万元。     

Numerical analysis of flow field in the hot gas filter vessel during the pulse cleaning process

The flow field is simulated for a ceramic filter vessel containing three candle filters which are arranged in the form of an equilateral triangle. Grids generated by GAMBIT are adopted for the simulations. The Reynolds stress model provided by FLUENT code is applied to evaluate gas flow and temperature field in the filter vessel. The temperature profiles in the ceramic candle filter cavity during the pulse cleaning process are analyzed under different operating conditions and for different lengths of candle filter. The evolution of radial velocity in the porous wall of the filters being cleaned and the normal working filters as well as around the filters is discussed. Sharp temperature change takes place in the top of the candle filter which is subject to thermal stress. The phenomenon of temperature increase during the pulse cleaning process has been carefully observed and interpreted based on the effect of gas compression. The simulated results show qualitative agreement with the experimental field observations with the filter vessel.     

Experimental study on the nozzle effect of the pulse cleaning for the ceramic filter candle

The effects of the nozzle size and its shape for the pulse cleaning of a ceramic filter candle were observed experimentally in the hot and cold bench units using commercial filter elements. The traces of the transient pressure, temperature, and overpressure in the filter cavity were measured to estimate the pulse cleaning effects. At the given pulse cleaning system, the pulse cleaning was optimized by the reciprocal effect of the nozzle size, which increases the primary pulse gas mass and reduces the secondary pulse mass as its size increases. The convergent nozzle showed a higher pulse effect than the straight one due to its concentrating effect, which leads to high pressure of the gas leaving the pulse nozzle.