水质六价铬检测实验室间比对能力验证情况分析及效果评价

对生态环境部标准样品研究所组织开展水质六价铬检测的实验室间比对能力验证的情况进行分析及评价,通过采用稳健Z比分数计算法来评价每个实验室的检测结果以及检测能力,来判断是否满足预定的目标,从而不断提升检测水平和质量,为进一步加强实验室质量控制提供依据。     

测厚仪在石油钻井底座无损检测中的应用

我单位长期对石油设备开展日常检测工作,满足石油设备在进行生产过程中的安全使用.采用超声波测厚仪对石油钻井底座进行无损检测能够对底座材料的腐蚀、夹层及内部缺陷情况做出判断,确保石油钻井底座的安全使用,有利保障了石油生产的顺利进行.     

苯加氢系统重沸器泄漏的判断方法

介绍了一种苯加氢系统重沸器泄漏的判断方法。根据热油膨胀槽液位的下降情况，对每个重沸器内物质进行分析，再结合化学和机械检测方法可快速判断导热油泄漏位置。     

落锤式弯沉仪在高速公路工程检测中的应用

近年来我国公路事业蓬勃发展，为了能够提供更好的交通服务，公路无损检测技术也在更新迭代。弯沉检测技术作为道路218无损检测的重要组成部分，在我国公路安全评估中起着至关重要的作用。本文围绕某车流量大、全线长的高速公路工程实例，指出落锤式弯沉仪在高速公路工程检测中的优势，分析实测数据并根据数据判断路面损害情况，为往后相似工程实例提供经验。     

基于机器视觉的聚乙烯薄膜质量检测装置的设计

设计了一套基于机器视觉的聚乙烯薄膜表面质量检测装置,利用电荷耦合器件(CCD)精确检测聚乙烯薄膜表面图像灰度值的变化情况,判断产品表面是否有划痕,薄膜厚度是否均匀,在化工产品生产过程中对产品质量可以实现实时准确的检测。     

高温合金加工用PcBN复合片的研制

为研究PcBN刀具在高温合金加工中的应用,通过优化黏结剂成分与cBN微粉的配比,利用国产一米压机,在高温高压的条件下烧结出了大直径的PcBN复合片。超声波扫描检测分析,烧结产品基本无分层、裂纹等缺陷。在同等的加工条件下,从车削高温合金的对比检测数据中,分析得出样品的PcBN刀具寿命已经达到国外竞品的水平。     

TFT-LCD基板玻璃断板检测系统设计及应用

TFT-LCD基板玻璃产品都很轻薄,导致在传送和清洗过程中容易断板。针对此种情况设计了TFT-LCD基板玻璃断板检测系统。该系统通过检测玻璃在恒定速度下经过感应开关的时间来判断基板玻璃是否断板。通过断板检测系统能够有效地检出断板产品,提高产品质量。     

防腐用陶瓷表面釉膜与金属基体的界面结合研究

本文在简述金属和无机陶瓷复合现状以及陶瓷防腐蚀优点的基础上,运用一定工艺将低温釉喷涂在金属表面经过烧结形成防腐釉膜,通过金相显微镜、SEM线扫描等检测手段分析界面结合情况,得出此工艺烧结的陶瓷釉膜与金属基体的界面结合情况良好.     

红外成像检测技术在特种设备检验中的应用研究

介绍了红外热成像检测技术在承压类特种设备领域应用的情况，对化工装置中的燃烧器、低温容器和塔式容器进行了红外成像检测应用。根据结果可知，目视宏观检查很可能造成较多的漏检，但是采用红外检测技术进行检测，可以很直观地找出许多因密封不严造成的能源浪费情况。对于低温设备，红外热像图可以直观感受跑冷的位置和程度，为保温修补提供尺寸指导；根据高热区域的形态，可以大致判断缺陷的类型和尺寸，重点对该区域进行壁厚检测和无损检测抽查。在操作过程中，建议对大型在用容器（如塔式容器）采用红外检测仪对容器整体进行一次360°扫查，针对发现的高热区域进行再次近距离检测比对，进而判断该位置的缺陷尺寸和类型，可以极大地提高检测效率。     

PE-UHMW塑烧板基板成型压力与烧结时间研究

利用超高分子量聚乙烯(PE-UHMW)粉末代替传统材料成型塑烧板基板,通过研究冷压压力对PE-UHMW粉末坯体孔隙率的影响及烧结颈随烧结时间的演变,确定了采用粉末压制烧结成型时成型压力应小于6 MPa,烧结时间应为30 min左右。通过对制件性能的检测及微观形貌的观察,验证了该参数成型的塑烧板基板符合孔径约为30～40μm,孔隙率大于40%,拉伸强度大于2 MPa的使用要求。     

Kinetics of staining and bleaching

Kinetics of staining and stain removal have been studied with food dyes and natural colorants. Kinetics of staining indicate that the staining agent is adsorbed on the fiber surface and diffuses into the interior of the fibers. Similarities exist between staining and dyeing mechanisms of cotton, polyester and nylon fibers. Stain removal by nonoxidative detergency involves diffusion of the staining agent from the interior of fibers and desorption from the fiber surface. The kinetics of stain removal by bleaching with peroxyacids or activated sodium perborate depend on the affinity of the stain to fibers. When desorption of stain is rapid, bleaching of the stain in solution is the rate- determining step and stain removal obeys pseudo- first- order kinetics. When the stain is washfast, the concentration of the stain in fibers decreases with the square root of time, indicating a diffusion process. The peroxygen bleaching agent is sorbed in the subsurface of fibers or diffuses into the interior of fibers. If bleaching occurs in the outer perimeter of fibers, the rate- determining step may be the diffusion of stain molecules from the interior of fibers to the location of the bleaching agent. On the other hand, if bleaching occurs within fibers, the rate- determining step may be diffusion of the bleaching agent to the stain located within the fibers. *To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

污泥厚度对超声波辅助热风干燥污泥特性的影响

由于在超声波声场中污泥微粒会发生分层现象，声互作用力使得微粒于超声传播方向相垂直的平面上发生凝聚，因此污泥厚度大小对超声波辅助热风干燥污泥特性有着重要的影响。通过实验的方法，对不同厚度污泥在超声波声场中的分层凝聚现象进行观察，发现污泥内部结构的分层现象随其厚度的增加而明显。研究了超声波对不同厚度污泥干燥过程中各时期干燥时长、干燥速率的影响效果，以及分析了湿分有效扩散系数（D_eff）随污泥厚度变化的情况。从实验结果中可以发现，在超声波功率小于135 W范围内，污泥厚度越大，干燥过程中第一降速期时间越长，干燥速率提升效果越差，而对恒速干燥期内干燥速率提升效果更明显；在5、10以及15 mm厚度的污泥中，10 mm厚度的污泥在超声波功率小于90 W的条件下总干燥时长降低幅度最大，干燥速率在各阶段提速也较快；污泥厚度越小，超声波功率对污泥湿分有效扩散系数影响越小，反之影响越大。     

The effect of free fatty acid on the reactivity of copper-based catalysts for the hydrogenolysis of fatty acid methyl esters

In the synthesis of fatty alcohols by hydrogenolysis of fatty acid methyl esters, small amounts of free fatty acids in the feed negatively affect the reactivity of copper-silica based catalysts. The effect of the acid was investigated in relation to the production of water, the nature of the inhibiting species, and the degree of reduction of the catalyst. Inhibition is reversible and not due to catalyst deactivation. Water is not the inhibiting species. Furthermore, formation of copper and zinc soaps was excluded. Lauric acid in the methyl ester feed reacts preferentially, but at a lower rate than the ester. Inhibition most likely stems from a preferential adsorption of the acid at the active sites of the catalyst. The consequences for practical applications are discussed.     

黏弹性表面活性剂溶液中颗粒沉降特性研究

黏弹性表面活性剂溶液悬浮颗粒流广泛存在于自然界和工业生产中,黏弹性表面活性剂溶液的非线性流变性质及应力松弛效应对其中颗粒沉降有着显著影响。采用FENE-P和Giesekus黏弹性本构模型对表面活性剂溶液中颗粒沉降特性进行研究,发现两种本构模型不仅表现出剪切稀化,而且出现拉伸硬化。颗粒在沉降初期的不稳定性主要是由溶液自身的弹性效应引起,弹性效应越强,颗粒沉降速度不稳定性越强,而剪切稀化效应会减弱颗粒沉降速度的不稳定。颗粒沉降过程中在其尾部形成一个“负尾迹”,随着剪切稀化和拉伸硬化效应增强,负尾迹区增大,弹性效应增加,负尾迹增强,负尾迹区流体内部反向速度分布导致的表面活性剂溶液中微观胶束的拉伸断裂和重构可能是引起颗粒沉降速度持续波动的原因。     

塑造企业文化推动企业发展

企业文化是一种从事经济活动的组织之中形成的组织文化。在企业的成长过程中，企业文化不一定是主要因素，但却是影响企业发展的决定因素。企业文化是由内而外的表现，它的核心是一种理念，一种精神，一种目标，需要企业各级员工共同实现。企业文化建设与创新不可分离，在世界市场这个大的竞争环境中，创新的企业文化建设会推动企业的发展。     

Geometrical analysis of dynamic problem on the membrane transport using spectral solution

The problem analyzed in this paper is a specific application of the composite membrane. General diffusion and convection formulation is presented for the dynamic problem. The spectral analysis considers convective transport of a single solute species across a one dimensional membrane system. The solution is obtained using operator theoretic methods. The geometrical structure of the spectrum of the operator is determined for the complete range of the various parameters including the distribution coefficient, the convective velocity and the diffusion coefficient. The structure of the spectrum allows a complete characterization of all the eigenvalues of the system in terms of all of these physical parameters. Calculation of the first eigenvalue for a number of cases shows its variation with the convective velocity for various medium porosities and allows a priori estimates of the profiles.     

液相沉淀反应在管式微通道反应器中的流动行为研究

以碳酸钙水相合成为模型反应,借助对流动反应过程的放大观测,从沉淀悬浮液的流变特性分析了液相沉淀反应在毫米级管式微通道中的流动行为特征以及通道堵塞的过程机理。结果表明,碳酸钙-水悬浮体系的黏度在低剪切速率下随固含率的增加而飙升,而反应通道堵塞的本质可归因于在壁面和流动主体区形成了固含率较高的局部高黏区,使流动性严重恶化。提高反应的流速加快了壁面沉积层和沉淀颗粒团聚体的形成,反而加快了堵塞;其中团聚体的形成远快于沉积层的积累,使团聚体的“架桥”虽晚于沉积层出现,却成为管路堵塞的主要因素。基于破坏流动壁面和主体的局部高黏区,设计了两种新型的微通道反应器模型,有可能为解决反应通道堵塞这一难题提供新的思路。     

Liquid permeation of organic mixture by surface-modified polyethylene membrane

Linear low-density polyethylene membranes were prepared by a casting method. IN order to modify the surface, the membrane was irradiated with UV light. In an atmosphere of carbon disulfide vapor, multiple internal reflection spectra observations showed that the surface of membrane had a carbonyl group. The casted membrane is an asymmetric membrane. When the flat surfce of membrane faces the upstream side, the flux of the membrane is twice as that of the other surface of membrane. From the comparision of the pervaporation characteristics of casted membrane and blown film, the crystallinity of membrane affects the separation factor and flux of the membrane. The higher the crystallinity of the membrane, the better the selectivity, and the poorer the flux.     

Modeling and simulation of a sulfolane extraction process

Modeling and simulation for a sulfolane extraction process were performed. The process investigated in the present work consists of two tray columns, one of which is used for extraction and the other one for washing. The modified θ-method was employed for the modeling of the process. The computation of the equilibrium state of a two-phase system is one of the key issues in the modeling and simulation of extraction processes. In the present work the UNIFAC method was used for the computation of related thermodynamic properties and equilibrium states. Results of simulations showed good agreement with actual plant operation data.