一步法熔融还原炼铁流程的模拟

本文对一步熔融还原炼铁流程进行了流程系统计算机模拟研究，建立了相应的通用程序软件．对不同煤种、铁矿石组成、铁浴炉渣碱度、铁浴出口温度及二次燃烧率等参数条件下的各项物料消耗、能量消耗及利用等指标作出了预报，并与二步熔融还原炼铁流程进行了物耗、能耗、成本等的比较，其结果可为该炼铁流程的概念设计提供依据和参考．     

流化床+铁浴熔融还原炼铁过程的分析

本文对流化床＋铁浴熔融还原炼铁流程进行了分析，从能量守恒以及能量贬质观点，综合评价和分析其用能过程，并绘出了全系统完整的流图，通过对薄弱环节分析，考察了流程的热力学完善性，并提出了一些相应的改善措施，为熔融还原炼铁流程的可行性研究及流程选择提供了依据.     

熔融还原炼铁与清洁能源化工联合生产工艺

熔融还原炼铁工艺直接使用非焦煤生产液态铁,具有流程短,投资和生产成本低,环境污染小,铁水质量好的优点,是面向21世纪的前沿炼铁技术,给合一定的化工方法,将熔融还原炼铁工艺附产的大量煤气,转化成一种清洁能源－二甲醚,可进一步提高熔融不炼铁工艺过程的能量利用率,本文就熔融还原炼铁与清洁能源的联合生产工艺方法和特点进行了探讨。     

一段熔融还原法制取磷酸

在一步熔融还原炼磷制取磷酸基本规律研究的基础上，建立了一套４０ｋＷ感应加热模拟实验装置通过热模实验，制取了可实用的磷酸溶液，证明了一步熔融还原炼磷制取磷酸的工艺（ＳＲＰＡ）流程是可行的     

超低碳炼铁技术路径分析

2060年碳中和目标既使我国钢铁工业未来发展面临巨大挑战，又为其提供了换道超车的发展机遇。本文对绿氢直接还原、氧化铁熔融还原、碱性溶液电沉积铁、酸性溶液电沉积铁的发展历史和技术现状进行了综述。在全绿电炼铁场景下，本文对各种技术路线的理论和实际耗电进行了估算，从技术成熟度、电耗、技术难度、应用前景等方面，对各技术路径进行了对比分析，发现碱性溶液电沉积铁电耗最低，酸性溶液电沉积铁和电供热氢气熔融还原次之。从技术难度上看，氢气直接还原、酸性溶液电沉积铁技术难度较小，且都已完成一定规模的中试，氢气熔融还原炼铁、碱性溶液电沉积铁和氧化铁熔融电解炼铁技术都还处于概念或技术发展早期阶段。综合来看，氢气直接还原、酸性溶液电沉积铁和氢气熔融还原炼铁路线可望发展成为有竞争力的超低碳炼铁技术，而碱性溶液电沉积铁和氧化铁熔融电解炼铁技术难度较大，短期内恐难以取得较大突破。     

石灰石对难选菱铁矿煤基熔融还原的影响

基于新型预还原-熔融还原一步炼铁工艺,以石灰石作为造渣剂,对新疆难选菱铁矿进行煤基熔融还原试验研究.探讨了石灰石在菱铁矿熔融还原过程中的作用机理及其掺量对铁收得率、渣铁分离效果、渣活性的影响规律.结果表明:石灰石对快速熔渣和熔融还原反应有促进作用,在一定范围内增加石灰石掺量有助于渣铁分离后铁收得率和渣活性的提高,随着石灰石掺量增大渣铁分离难度增大.     

熔融还原炼铁用耐火材料的研究现状

综述了国内外熔融还原炼铁用耐火材料的研究现状。讨论了熔融还原技术的工艺特，点及其耐火材料的使用条件。分析了目前已基本成熟的ＣＯＲＥＸ工艺的耐火材料的使用现状及存在问题，和铁浴式熔融还原炉用耐火材料的研究现状，存在问题及前景。     

低品位难选菱铁矿煤基还原试验研究

在分析低品位难选新疆菱铁矿性质的基础上,进行了直接还原-熔融还原一步炼铁试验研究,考察了还原时间和温度、煤用量对金属化率的影响规律及碱度对铁收得率、渣铁分离效果的影响规律.结果表明:在一定范围内,增加还原时间和温度,提高碳氧比有利于直接还原铁金属化率和熔融还原渣铁分离后铁收得率的提高;高碱度配料可以实现渣铁分离.通过XRD和SEM对配加氧化钙的渣进行了矿物相和形貌分析,对渣的活性进行了讨论.     

熔融还原炼铁法用耐火材料的现状及其发展

熔融还原炼铁技术是当代世界冶金工业中引人注目的前沿开发技术之一，可以预料熔融不技术在本世纪末将有较大的突破，二十一世纪将有可能与高炉法并存而因地制宜地加以采用。由于熔融还原工艺的工作条件严酷，反应器的寿命很低，耐火材料的问题能否根本解决是决定熔融还原工艺能否投入使用的关键因素之一。本文讨论了两种较有发展前途的熔融还原工艺ＣＯＲＥＸ法和ＤＩＯＳ法及其所用耐火材料的现状，并预示了其发展前景。     

铜渣熔融还原炼铁过程研究

根据熔融还原原理,进行了铜渣熔融还原炼铁研究.考察了碱度、保温温度、保温时间、CaF2添加量对铜渣中铁收率和铁水脱S,P的影响.XRD分析结果表明,水淬铜渣中含铁物相主要为2FeO·SiO2和Fe3O4.确定的铜渣熔融还原炼铁的合理工艺条件为:惰性气氛下,碱度1.6,保温温度1 575℃,保温时间30min,CaF2/...     

熔融尿素升压泵断轴原因及对策

高压法三聚氰胺装置熔融尿素升压泵运行过程发生多起断轴事故,使装置多次出现非计划停工。根据泵结构特性及介质特殊性,分析泵轴断裂失效的原因,提出处理或避免方法,采取相应的措施对其进行结构和工艺上的改造,收到良好的效果。     

HYBRID NEURAL APPROACHES FOR MODELLING DRYING PROCESSES FOR PARTICULATE SOLIDS

ABSTRACT

This work presents methods for synthesizing drying process models for particulate solids that combine prior knowledge with artificial neural networks. The inclusion of prior knowledge is investigated by developing two applications with the data from two indirect rotary steam dryers. The first application consisted in the modelling of the drying process of soya meal in a batch indirect rotary dryer, The external and internal mass transfer resistances were associated in the hidden layer of the network to linear and sigmoidal nodes, respectively. The second application consisted in the modelling of the drying process of soya meal in a continuos indirect rotary dryer. The model was constructed using the Semi-parametric Design Approach. The model predicts the evolution of solid moisture content and temperature as a function of the solid position in the dryer. The results show that the hybrid model performs better than the pure “ black box” neural network and default models. They also shows that prior knowledge enhances the extrapolation capabilities of a neural network model,     

汽车前大灯反射镜BMC热固性注塑模设计

以一副汽车前大灯反射镜模具为例,叙述了预制整体模塑料的注射成型工艺过程,分析了模具结构与热塑性注塑模的典型区别和特点,并介绍了模具标准件、材料及热处理.     

HYBRID NEURAL APPROACHES FOR MODELLING DRYING PROCESSES FOR PARTICULATE SOLIDS

This work presents methods for synthesizing drying process models for particulate solids that combine prior knowledge with artificial neural networks. The inclusion of prior knowledge is investigated by developing two applications with the data from two indirect rotary steam dryers. The first application consisted in the modelling of the drying process of soya meal in a batch indirect rotary dryer, The external and internal mass transfer resistances were associated in the hidden layer of the network to linear and sigmoidal nodes, respectively. The second application consisted in the modelling of the drying process of soya meal in a continuos indirect rotary dryer. The model was constructed using the Semi-parametric Design Approach. The model predicts the evolution of solid moisture content and temperature as a function of the solid position in the dryer. The results show that the hybrid model performs better than the pure “ black box” neural network and default models. They also shows that prior knowledge enhances the extrapolation capabilities of a neural network model,     

中纯度对苯二甲酸生产技术

概述了中纯度对苯二甲酸的生产技术状况,从工艺技术,产品性能指标及技术经济性等诸方面对中纯度对苯二甲酸和精对苯二甲酸进行了比较,指出将中纯度对苯二甲酸,聚酯及纤维生产联合起来一体化生产更有利于降低成本,具有较强的竞争力,我国应积极开发该项技术。     

炼油厂污泥处理工艺的改进

研究了污水处理厂污泥处理流程,分析了影响污泥处理费用的因素,采用一系列措施改进工艺,结果表明改进后的工艺更适合于污泥脱水,并取得了较好的经济效益和环境效益。     

DESIGN STRATEGY FOR ACETIC ACID RECOVERY

Acetic add is recovered from dilute aqueous solutions by extraction followed by azeotropic distillation. The heat required for distillation accounts for the major proportion of the cost of the process. Therefore, the proper selection of the entrainer is of great importance. In this paper, a procedure for preliminary entrainer selection is developed combining the well proved heuristic approaches and the latest developments for the synthesis phase based on residue curve maps and liquid-liquid equilibria plots. The energy requirements for the most promising entrainers are calculated using a commercial process simulator. It was found that methyl tert-butyl ether is a promising entrainer for the acetic acid dehydration process.     

L—苯丙氨酸结晶过程研究

研究了Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的真空蒸发冷却结晶过程，测定了该物系的结晶热力学和介稳区曲线。应用间歇动态法确定了该物系的结晶动力学参数，进而作出最佳操作曲线。     

化工过程系统的组合特性及其最优化策略

通过化工过程系统结构的表示方法,讨论并分析了这一系统最优化问题所具有的组合特性,在讨论系统结构的编码表示方法的基础上,给出了针对大规模组合优化问题的随机算法求解策略．     

DEVELOPMENT OF A FUZZY EXPERT SYSTEM FOR THE SELECTION OF BATCH DRYERS FOR FOODSTUFFS

The selection of dryers is an art in which knowledge, experience and science all play important roles. Historically, dryer selection has been made by experts on the basis of their extensive knowledge. However, in recent years, computer-based techniques have been developed, which have the potential of at least partially deskilling this process. Of the various possibilities, fuzzy expert systems, in which the selection qualifiers are represented as linguistic rather than numerical variables, are the most promising. This paper describes the development of a fuzzy system for the selection of batch dryers for food products. It featured a novel modular approach in which independent selection goals for dryer type, atmospheric, vacuum or freeze operation, and single or multiple units were adopted. This made the system particularly flexible and amenable to adaptation. The program starts from a ' drying process checklist“ in which the principal process variables are specified, and provides a ranked list of feasible alternative dryers. The algorithm was extensively tested and provided quite plausible results. Four representative case studies are presented and discussed.