沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺优选

优选沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺条件,并通过还原力的测定初步研究黄酮的抗氧化活性。以总黄酮提取率为指标,采用单因素考察乙醇浓度、超声时间、料液比、超声功率对沙枣黄酮提取率的影响;在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计法优化沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺条件。沙枣黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件:乙醇浓度60%、超声时间15 min、料液比1∶22(g/m L)、超声功率320 W,在此条件下,沙枣黄酮的提取率8.64%,影响沙枣黄酮提取率的因素从大到小依次为:料液比超声时间乙醇浓度超声功率;通过还原力的测定,表明沙枣总黄酮有较好的抗氧化活性。     

响应面法优化玫瑰总黄酮超声提取工艺

采用超声法提取苦水玫瑰总黄酮,选取液料比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间3个因子,应用Box-behnken响应面分析、优化工艺条件。结果表明,超声提取黄酮成分的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数46%,液料比36∶1,提取时间5.7 min。在该工艺条件下总黄酮提取率达9.42%。     

黄桷树叶中总黄酮的乙醇超声提取工艺研究

采用超声乙醇提取黄桷树叶中总黄酮,以芦丁为标准品,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、超声功率对提取率的影响。结果表明最优工艺组合为:超声功率420 W,料液比1∶50 g/mL,乙醇体积分数60%,超声提取20 min。最优工艺条件下,黄桷树叶中总黄酮提取率9.34%。     

黄桷树叶中总黄酮的乙醇超声提取工艺研究

采用超声乙醇提取黄桷树叶中总黄酮,以芦丁为标准品,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、超声功率对提取率的影响。结果表明最优工艺组合为:超声功率420 W,料液比1∶50 g/mL,乙醇体积分数60%,超声提取20 min。最优工艺条件下,黄桷树叶中总黄酮提取率9.34%。     

Box-Behnken响应面法优化藤梨根总黄酮超声提取工艺

目的:优化藤梨根总黄酮超声提取工艺。方法:超声提取药材,利用分光光度计法于510 nm波长处测定总黄酮含量,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6 Trial软件建立以总黄酮提取率作响应值,液料比、乙醇体积分数和提取时间为三因素的Box-Behnken响应面并进行多元二次回归分析。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为液料比12.45,乙醇体积分数78.09%,提取时间39.66 min,总黄酮的提取率为7.49%,与预测值7.58%偏差1.19%。结论:该工艺稳定可行,可用于藤梨根中总黄酮的工业化生产。     

草珊瑚总黄酮的超声提取工艺研究

研究了超声法提取草珊瑚总黄酮的工艺.影响草珊瑚总黄酮提取率的主要因素是乙醇体积分数,其次是提取次数,提取时间和液料比对提取率影响不显著.正交实验确定草珊瑚总黄酮的最佳超声提取条件是:40%乙醇,液料比10∶1,提取时间40 min,提取3次.此条件下总黄酮得率为8.53%.超声提取法具有短时高效的优点,适合于草珊瑚总黄酮的提取.     

响应面法优化提取藏红花中总黄酮的提取工艺

藏红花含有丰富的黄酮类化合物。本文采用超声提取工艺,以乙醇体积分数,超声时间,料液比作为优化因素,从藏红花粉中提取总黄酮,最后进行吸光度测定,并计算含量。其结果用Box-Behnken中心组合设计法处理,得到最适工艺条件:乙醇体积分数为75%,料液比12:1,超声提取时间为40min,总黄酮提取率为0.168%,相对偏差为0.04%。为进一步研究藏红花总黄酮提取工艺提供理论依据。     

超声波提取灯笼草中总黄酮的最佳提取条件的研究

本文以灯笼草为原料,研究超声波提取灯笼草总黄酮的最佳工艺。通过单因素试验研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声波功率及超声时间对总黄酮提取量的影响。以此为基础,采用正交试验设计,优化超声波提取灯笼草总黄酮工艺条件结果为乙醇浓度为60%,最佳料液比为1︰40,提取温度为50℃,超声波功率为100 W,提取时间30 min为最佳提取条件。黄酮提取率为5.66%。     

响应面法优化红薯叶多酚超声辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

以红薯叶多酚提取率为评价指标,以提取温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间为考察因素,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化红薯叶多酚的超声辅助提取工艺,并通过测定红薯叶多酚对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基的清除能力,评价其抗氧化活性.确定红薯叶多酚的最佳提取工艺为:提取温度61℃、乙醇体积分数72％、料液比1:21(g...     

正交实验法优选小蓟中总黄酮的提取工艺

优选小蓟中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺.以总黄酮提取率作为考察的指标,运用超声法提取小蓟中的总黄酮,将乙醇体积分数(A)、超声提取时间(B)和料液比(C)3个因素作为单因素实验对象,在单因素实验的基础上设计正交实验,从而确定最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数80％,超声提取时间45 min,料液比1:20(g·mL-1)时提取率最高.该方法操作简便、准确、提取率高,并且此实验结果为小蓟的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.