臭氧氧化四溴双酚A过程中溴离子和溴酸盐生成的影响因素

为了研究控制四溴双酚A（TBBPA）臭氧化过程中溴酸盐生成的影响因素,通过实验对不同的水质参数和臭氧投加量条件下臭氧氧化TBBPA过程中溴离子（Br－）及溴酸根离子（BrO3－）的生成量进行了考察。结果表明,臭氧氧化TBBPA生成BrO3－分为两阶段：第一阶段为臭氧氧化降解TBBPA生成Br－,即Br－累积阶段;第二阶段为臭氧化Br－生成BrO3－,即BrO3－生成阶段。Br－及BrO3－的生成量随着TBBPA初始浓度的增加而增加,生成速率随臭氧投加量增加而提高。25～55 ℃条件下反应40 min后,BrO3－生成量随温度升高增加了4.5倍。pH值8～11内,pH值降低对Br－及BrO3－生成量有明显的抑制作用。     

臭氧氧化水库原水溴酸盐生成的控制研究

探究了棘洪滩水库原水经臭氧氧化后,消毒副产物溴酸盐的生成情况。通过混凝改变进水水质,探究了不同水质条件下溴酸盐生成量的差异,证明有机物含量越低溴酸盐生成风险越大;投加过氧化氢可以有效抑制溴酸盐的生成;在臭氧工艺后增添活性炭工艺可以有效去除臭氧工艺产生的溴酸盐。     

饮用水处理中臭氧化副产物生成与控制研究

以含溴黄河水为水源,利用中试连续实验,评价臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)深度处理工艺对COD_(Mn)及嗅味的去除效果,重点研究了臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐、甲醛等副产物的生成与控制效果。研究发现,O3-BAC工艺能有效降低COD_(Mn)和嗅阈值(TON),在不同水质条件下,臭氧量为2.0 mg/L时溴酸盐的生成量存在超标风险(10μg/L),且导致甲醛大量生成,为29.07μg/L。投加过氧化氢能够有效控制溴酸盐,当氧消耗量为3.0 mg/L以下时,H_2O_2为2.0~3.0 mg/L能将溴酸盐控制在标准内,投加H_2O_2对甲醛生成产生一定影响,随着H_2O_2投加量增加,甲醛生成量先增加后又有所降低。     

含溴原水深度处理中溴酸盐生成的影响因素

为研究含溴原水深度处理中溴酸盐生成的影响因素,对苏州地区X水厂原水,各工艺段的出水,以及出厂水中的溴酸盐、溴化物、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等水质指标进行了检测,并考察了各类水质指标与出厂水溴酸盐含量之间的关系.结果表明X水厂深度处理工艺过程中,溴酸盐浓度的峰值出现在主臭氧后,随着臭氧投加量的增加或者原水氨氮浓度的降低,出厂水...     

东太湖原水臭氧氧化过程中溴酸盐及溴代有机消毒副产物的控制

以太湖为水源水,利用静态试验的方式,分别研究在预加氯、加氨以及预加氯后加氨三种条件下臭氧氧化对溴酸盐及溴代有机消毒副产物的控制情况。结果表明,在所研究的条件下,最佳加氯量及加氨量分别为1 mg/L和0.04 mmol/L,碱度的影响在三种条件下基本一致,随着碱度升高(0~200 mg/L),溴酸盐生成量略微上升,同时溴代有机副产物产量略微下降,消毒副产物总量呈小幅上升。预加氯后加氨的方式对溴酸盐的抑制率最大(57.9%),显著高于单独加氯(29.9%)和加氨(39.1%)的方式,但同时协同效应也增加了溴代有机副产物的生成量。     

纳米金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化抑制溴酸盐形成的效能研究

通过纯水的模拟研究,探讨了纳米SnO2和纳米TiO2催化臭氧氧化抑制溴酸盐形成的情况及不同条件下纳米TiO2的抑制效能.结果表明,纳米SnO2催化及纳米TiO2催化均能有效抑制溴酸盐的形成,相对单独臭氧氧化条件溴酸盐生成量分别降低了45.81％和74.10％;光照对纳米TiO2催化抑制溴酸盐形成的效能影响不大;反应温度在10～26℃之间时,随着温度的升高,纳米TiO2催化抑制溴酸盐形成的作用越明显;纳米TiO2催化抑制溴酸盐生成的效能随着Br-初始质量浓度的增加和pH的上升而降低.     

四溴双酚A的臭氧氧化降解研究

通过小试试验,考察了臭氧对水体中四溴双酚A的处理效果,并研究了臭氧浓度、p H值和温度等因素对处理效果的影响,试验结果表明:臭氧可以实现对四溴双酚A快速去除,反应符合假一级动力学模型,四溴双酚A的去除率随臭氧投量升高而增大;较低的p H和温度有利于臭氧对四溴双酚A的去除。GC-MS分析发现,四溴双酚A降解中间有机产物主要包括三溴双酚A、二溴苯酚等,分析推测得出其降解反应途径。臭氧降解四溴双酚A的同时会有无机副产物的生成,主要包括溴离子及溴酸盐。     

苏氨酸氯化生成饮用水中消毒副产物三氯丙酮的机制

为了考察饮用水中消毒副产物三氯丙酮（TCAce）的形成过程和影响因素,采用气相色谱-质谱法,以甲基叔丁基醚为萃取剂,1,2-二溴丙烷为内标物,建立了消毒副产物三氯丙酮（TCAce）的测定方法。以L-苏氨酸为前体,考察在不同反应条件下三氯丙酮的生成效果,并探讨了TCAce的形成途径。结果表明：TCAce的生成量在碱性条件下高于中性和酸性条件,在5.5~8.5的pH范围内,随着pH的增大而逐渐提高。在试验条件下,当氯投加量由5.46 ml增加到21.84 ml时,TCAce的生成量随投氯量的增加而增加。当前体物L-苏氨酸投加量由59.6 mg·L^-1增加到476.4 mg·L^-1时,TCAce的生成量随投加量的增大而减小,当反应温度由10℃增加到30℃时,TCAce的生成量随之增加。HClO氯化L-苏氨酸形成TCAce的过程包含7个步骤,包括取代、氧化、氨基重氮化和还原等复杂的过程。     

苏氨酸氯化生成饮用水中消毒副产物三氯丙酮的机制

为了考察饮用水中消毒副产物三氯丙酮(TCAce)的形成过程和影响因素,采用气相色谱-质谱法,以甲基叔丁基醚为萃取剂,1,2-二溴丙烷为内标物,建立了消毒副产物三氯丙酮(TCAce)的测定方法。以L-苏氨酸为前体,考察在不同反应条件下三氯丙酮的生成效果,并探讨了TCAce的形成途径。结果表明:TCAce的生成量在碱性条件下高于中性和酸性条件,在5.5~8.5的p H范围内,随着p H的增大而逐渐提高。在试验条件下,当氯投加量由5.46 ml增加到21.84 ml时,TCAce的生成量随投氯量的增加而增加。当前体物L-苏氨酸投加量由59.6mg·L-1增加到476.4 mg·L-1时,TCAce的生成量随投加量的增大而减小,当反应温度由10℃增加到30℃时,TCAce的生成量随之增加。HCl O氯化L-苏氨酸形成TCAce的过程包含7个步骤,包括取代、氧化、氨基重氮化和还原等复杂的过程。     

污水深度处理次氯酸钠消毒副产物二氯乙腈的生成影响研究

针对城市污水处理厂二级出水消毒过程中产生消毒副产物的问题,以二氯乙腈(DCAN)为研究对象,采用次氯酸钠作为消毒剂,对城市污水处理厂二级出水进行消毒的过程中,次氯酸钠投加量、消毒反应时间、反应温度、pH等4个因素对DCAN生成的影响进行了考察。结果表明,次氯酸钠的投加量对DCAN的生成具有较大影响。随着次氯酸钠投加量的增加,DCAN的生成量随之增加;当反应时间达到3.5h时DCAN的生成量达到最大值,此后DCAN的含量开始缓慢降低;随着温度的升高DCAN的生成量随之增加;偏酸性条件下DCAN的生成量高于偏碱性条件。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。