羊毛粉/PP共混纺丝和复合纺丝纤维的研究

采用高压空气粉碎羊毛制得的羊毛粉,与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混纺丝和皮芯型复合纺丝,分别制得羊毛粉/PP共混纤维和复合纤维。对比分析了羊毛粉/PP共混纤维、复合纤维及纯PP纤维的结构和性能。结果表明:羊毛粉/PP共混纤维的断裂强度、初始模量高于复合纤维及纯PP纤维,其大小顺序依次为共混纤维、纯PP纤维、复合纤维;羊毛粉/PP共混纤维的表面染色深度(K/S值)高于复合纤维及PP纤维,其大小顺序依次为共混纤维、复合纤维、纯PP纤维;羊毛粉/PP共混纤维和复合纤维的回潮率均高于纯PP纤维,其大小顺序依次为复合纤维、共混纤维、纯PP纤维。     

世界功能纤维发展概况

功能纤维指具有特殊功能的纤维的总称,共有20余种,介绍其中中空纤维膜、活性碳纤维、聚乳酸纤维、耐火绝热的生物体溶解纤维、光催化纤维、导电和高抗静电纤维、纳米纤维和碳纳米管的近况。     

从日本新型功能纤维的开发看我市功能纤维的未来

日本的功能纺织品占其全部纺织品的３９％,近年来众多的研究单位和企业参与功能纤维和纺织品的研究开发,导电纤维、芳香纤维、抗菌纤维、消臭纤维、阳光蓄热纤维、远红外纤维、防紫外纤维和防电磁波纤维等一批功能纤维被推向市场,获得了良好的经济效益。我市有良好的研究开发功能纤维的基础和条件,应当加大功能纤维的开发力度,推动我市纺织工业的发展。     

新型保暖纤维的研究与应用

作为功能性纤维材料的研究热点之一,保暖纤维的开发与应用备受关注.本文简要介绍了保暖纤维的实现途径与方法,着重介绍了异形纤维、气凝胶纤维、吸湿发热纤维、光能发热纤维、相变调温纤维等新型保暖纤维的研究与应用,并对保暖纤维今后的发展进行了展望.     

新型纤维材料开发中的生态安全与环境问题

以抗菌纤维、阻燃纤维、远红外纤维和负离子纤维为例,指出了功能性纤维开发中的生态安全问题,以竹浆和麻浆纤维、莫代尔纤维、碳纤维、海岛纤维、聚乳酸纤维为例,指出了新型纤维素纤维、高性能纤维、新型合成纤维开发中的环境问题;同时也介绍了纤维开发中所用助剂的生态安全和环境问题、纺织品生态安全主要监控项目与高度关注物质、纳米材料的安全问题,建议在新型纤维材料开发中,高度关注生态安全和环境问题,不能再走之前“先污染后治理”的老路.     

竹原纤维热湿性能研究

通过测试竹原纤维的耐热性能、吸放湿性能和吸湿溶胀性能,并与苎麻纤维、竹浆纤维的性能进行了分析比较,认为竹原纤维和苎麻纤维吸湿后都会发生较大的溶胀,耐热性都较好,但竹原纤维吸湿更好、放湿更快,略优于苎麻纤维;竹浆纤维因其加工方法不同,除吸湿能力优于竹原纤维外,其放湿速度慢、吸湿溶胀率小、耐热性能也比竹原纤维差。     

高科技纤维的新技术和新品种

介绍国外对位芳酰胺纤维、碳纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维、间位芳酰胺纤维、聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维、酚醛纤维、中空纤维气体分离膜和离子交换纤维的新技术、新工艺和新设备,并进行了评述.随后介绍几种重要的新型高科技纤维,如聚对亚苯基双恶唑、聚苯胺、聚醚酮、多肽和环氧树脂纤维。     

绿色纺织纤维的性能与应用

介绍了几种典型的绿色纺织纤维,如彩棉、竹原纤维、大麻纤维、Lyocell纤维、甲壳素纤维的性能与应用,并对绿色纺织纤维的发展趋势进行了预测。     

高性能无机连续纤维

介绍了高性能无机连续纤维的种类,主要品种为玄武岩纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳(石墨)纤维,碳化硅 纤维、氮化硅纤维和氮化硼纤维,并对其发展历史、制备技术、性能及应用领域进行了概述,对无机连续纤维 的发展进行了展望,指出进一步提高性能、降低生产成本将是今后研究的重点。     

Lyocell纤维及其功能化研究进展

介绍了Lyocell纤维的生产工艺、性能及用途,综述了Lyocell纤维在功能化方面的研究进展,包括多孔Lyocell纤维、抗菌Lyocell纤维、吸水Lyocell纤维、导电Lyocell纤维、抗紫外线Lyocell纤维、发光Lyocell纤维、阻燃Lyocell纤维、相变Lyocell纤维等。加强差别化Lyocell纤维研究,提高产品附加值,以满足消费者对功能性纺织品的需求。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.