三种活性炭对吲哚和吡啶的吸附性能

考察了3种活性炭一沥青基球形活性炭(PSAC)、煤质柱状炭(EAC)和椰壳颗粒炭(GAC)对水中吲哚和吡啶的吸附效果,测定了3种活性炭对吲哚和吡啶的吸附等温线和吸附动力学曲线.结果表明,3种活性炭对吲哚的去除率都能达到100%;PSAC和EAC对吡啶的去除率约为82%,GAC对吡啶的去除率约为92%;PSAC对吲哚和吡啶的吸附速率最大.活性炭的吸附性能由活性炭结构和吸附质分子性质所决定.微孔越丰富,吸附性能越好;中孔越多,吸附质分子的传质阻力越小,吸附速率越大;吸附质分子在水中的溶解度越小,活性炭的亲和力越强,吸附量越大,吸附效果越好.3种活性炭对吲哚和吡啶的吸附符合Freundlich公式,并确定了公式参数,Frendlich公式中的参数a越大,1/n越小,则活性炭吸附容量越大:a越大,活性炭的吸附速度越快.     

船用一体化生物活性炭装置选炭挂膜及运行优化

采用一体化生物活性炭中试装置,探究4.0 mm和1.5 mm的柱状炭对污染物去除性能,择优选择作为装置目标炭进行人工挂膜。挂膜成功后,探究不同气水比条件下,装置污染物去除效果。结果表明,2种活性炭均有较高的COD去除率,且4.0 mm柱状活性炭运行稳定,无跑炭现象,利于生物膜的形成,为此次实验的目标炭。启动挂膜阶段,装置污染物去除率呈现先降低后逐步升高,最后趋于稳定;气水体积比2:1条件下,装置污染物去除效率较高,COD、NH4+^-N的平均去除率分别为79.5%、10.7%。NH4^+-N去除率均不高,可能与硝化细菌生长受限有关。     

黄浦江原水生物活性炭深度处理的挂膜研究

利用中试装置对饮用水生物活性炭(BAC)深度处理的挂膜过程进行了研究,讨论了挂膜过程中污染物去除效果的变化.结果表明,生物活性炭的挂膜前中期亚硝酸盐积累严重,出水DO的波动较大;挂膜后期,BAC的出水亚硝酸盐氮降低到无法检出,炭柱对DO的削减较为稳定.炭柱对CODMn、UV254、TOC和BDOC的去除效率随着挂膜时间的推进趋于稳定,挂膜后期分别达到66.9%、87.6%、64.9%和65.5%.建议采用活性炭滤柱对氨氮的去除率保持稳定及出水较低的亚硝酸盐氮作为判断生物活性炭成熟的水质参考依据.     

曝气生物滤池处理印染废水挂膜启动研究

采用不经二沉池沉淀的二级生化出水启动生物活性炭装置。启动挂膜过程中研究了装置对COD、NH3-N及色度的去除效果和进、出水的DO、pH值变化。试验结果表明:生物膜成熟后,生物活性炭装置对COD、NH3-N及色度均有较好的去除效果,稳定运行时COD的去除率保持在65%以上,NH3-N的去除率保持在70%以上,出水中未检测到色度。通过考察装置进、出水DO和pH值变化,可以判断硝化细菌的生长状况。研究结果显示:挂膜过程中进、出水DO差值变小时,硝化细菌生长状况良好;挂膜过程中出水pH值变小时,硝化细菌生长状况良好。     

生物活性炭深度处理工艺挂膜研究

利用中试装置对生物活性炭深度处理工艺的动态培养自然挂膜过程进行研究,讨论了挂膜过程中污染物去除效果的变化,试验显示挂膜期间炭柱对氨氮的去除率与进水氨氮质量浓度可拟合成二次曲线的关系,进水氨氮质量浓度为0.76mg/L时氨氮去除率最高;炭柱对CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别为32.07%和44.76%;对有机物去除的相关性进行分析显示,挂膜期间中炭柱CODMn和UV254进水浓度和去除量之间相关性分别达0.72和0.71;最后提出以CODMn和UV254的去除率作为判断生物活性炭工艺生物膜成熟的标志以及相关的参数。     

生物活性炭强化过滤工艺影响因素的研究

通过中试模型实验考察了生物活性炭工艺对污染地表水除污染效能的影响因素.结果表明温度降低对生物活性炭去除有机物与氨氮有较大影响,温度低于10℃,生物活性炭对有机物的去除率为20%左右,对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率为20%～40%;生物活性炭工艺采用底部曝气与顶部曝气运行方式对有机物和氨氮的去除影响不大,但采用两种曝气运行方式的生物活性炭工艺对有机污染物去除率均稍高于无曝气时生物活性炭的去除率;实验表明空床接触时间低于20 min时,有机物的去除能力明显下降,但其对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除影响较小.     

处理焦化废水中难降解有机物的实验与研究

在实验条件下,运用SBR法水解（酸化）和好氧工艺,研究了焦化废水中比较典型的几种难降解有机物如喹啉、吲哚、吡啶以及苯酚的去除规律。经此工艺处理后,喹啉、吲哚、吡啶和苯酚的去除率分别达到92．8％、92.3％、89．6％和100％。     

2种超滤膜在膜-粉末炭生物反应器中处理沉后水的对比研究

采用浸没式膜-粉末炭生物反应器(MABR)工艺处理模拟沉后水,考察该工艺对浊度、氮类、有机物、颗粒物的去除效果,并对比聚氯乙烯(PVC)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDC)中空纤维膜在此工艺中的净水效果和膜污染情况。结果表面,该工艺对浊度、氮类和有机物有较好的去除效果,可以将出水浊度控制在0.2 NTU以下;挂膜成功后,PVC膜对NH_4~+-N的去除率稳定在95%以上;COD_(Mn)、DOC、UV_(254)的平均去除率分别为38.8%、34.8%、47.0%。对比分析,发现2种超滤膜的过滤性能表现基本相当,但是PVDF超滤膜的污染情况比PVC更严重。     

焦化废水中难降解有机物处理试验研究

在实验室条件下,运用水解(酸化)、好氧两段SBR工艺,研究了焦化废水中比较典型的3种难降解有机物———喹啉、吲哚、吡啶以及含量最高的苯酚的去除规律。经此工艺处理后,喹啉、吲哚、吡啶和苯酚的去除率分别达到:92.8%、92.3%、89.6%和100%。     

高锰酸盐—生物活性炭联用工艺除藻试验研究

考察了高锰酸盐预氧化—生物活性炭联用工艺去除藻类的效能.试验结果表明,高锰酸盐预氧化能明显改善混凝工艺对藻类的去除效果,随高锰酸盐投量的增加,混凝工艺对藻类的去除率呈上升趋势.生物活性炭滤池对藻类的去除主要集中在进水端,在20 cm处,去除率可达到60%.高锰酸盐—生物活性炭联用工艺对藻类及有机物有明显的去除,去除率可...     

生物强化在颗粒活性炭处理微污染水源水中的作用

采用水力循环方法将人工驯化培养后的微生物固定于活性炭上,以达到生物强化的目的.结果表明,经生物强化后的生物活性炭对TOC及AOC的去除效果均优于普通活性炭,其中TOC的平均去除率提高9%,对AOC的去除率可提高10%～30%.采用超声波振荡技术对活性炭上附着菌的生长情况进行研究发现,水力循环法固定于活性炭上的附着菌,牢固程度与稳定运行期间活性炭上自然生长的附着菌相差不大,对氨氮去除的持久性明显高于自然生长的附着菌.     

Treatment of wastewater from acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin manufacturing by biological activated carbon (BAC)

Background: The wastewater originating from the production of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) resin is a toxic and refractory industrial wastewater. The purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of adsorption and biodegradation of biological activated carbon (BAC) for ABS resin wastewater. Results: More than 80% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and organic nitrogen (Org‐N) was removed after the 100th run in BAC with the help of bioregeneration, and the treatment efficiency of BAC was higher than that of adsorption and biodegradation alone. The initial Org‐N was mainly transformed into NH₄⁺‐N, and the transform efficiency reached 65% after the 100th run. After bioregeneration, the COD and TOC removal efficiencies of BAC reactor reached 88.97% and 86.26%, respectively. The BAC had different bioregeneration efficiencies of 94.41, 64.82, 61.05 and 40.04% for 3, 3‐imminodipropiononitrile, 3, 3‐oxydipropiononitrile, α, α‐dimethyl‐benzylalcohol and acetophenone, respectively, which mainly resulted from the different polarity of the compounds. Conclusion: BAC could protect microorganisms from shock loadings of toxic, refractory and complicated ABS resin wastewater. The mechanism of the organic pollutants removal by BAC consisted of three phases including adsorption, bioregeneration and stability. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Removal Of Residual Organics From Drinking Water By Ozonation And Activated Carbon Filtration: A Pilot Plant Study

The effects of ozonation, granular (GAC) and biological activated carbon (BAC) in the removal of natural organic matter and precursors of disinfection byproducts from drinking water were studied on pilot scale. Ozonation was determined to be the best method to reduce concentrations of the precursors of AOX, chloroform and mutagenicity, whereas BAC removed organic matter the most effectively. Reductions in TA100 mutagenicity were an average 40%, 4%, 26% in ozonated, GAC and BAC filtered water, respectively. Average reductions of AOX levels were similar at 48%, 7% and 35%, respectively. The chloroform formation potential always increased after GAC filtration.     

常规处理与深度处理工艺对南京长江原水中有机物去除效能比较

以长江南京段原水为研究对象,通过常规处理及深度处理工艺(强化过滤工艺和生物活性炭工艺)对长江南京段水源水中有机物的去除效能进行对比研究。结果表明常规工艺对CODMn、UV254、DOC及BDOC的去除率分别为30%、41%、27%及25%。强化常规工艺和生物活性炭工艺各指标的去除率分别为34%和52%、48%和50%、37%和40%及74%和82%。强化过滤工艺及生物活性炭工艺对1,2,4-三氯苯的去除效果明显,能显著提高出水水质。常规工艺对MW大于5 kDa的有机物去除效果明显,强化过滤工艺对MW小于1 kDa的有机物去除率大于25%,生物活性炭工艺对各个分子量区间的去除效果都比较好,特别是对原水中占多数的MW小于1 kDa的有机物去除率大于30%。     

生物活性炭深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用生物活性炭技术深度处理焦化厂生化后出水。结果表明,焦化厂生化后出水（COD为200mg／L、色度为900度）经生物活性炭处理后,COD降为46．9mg／L、色度降至25．8度,达到国家工业再生用水水质标准（COD小于60mg／L,色度小于30）;并与颗粒活性炭深度处理焦化废水相比,生物活性炭法处理焦化废水COD及色度的去除率分别提高了13．4％和5．2％,且生物活性炭使用寿命是颗粒活性炭的3．3倍,生物活性炭的吨水材料费为1．4元,比颗粒活性炭低3．26元。生物活性炭法是一种有效、低成本的焦化废水深度处理方法。     

Evaluation of a pilot scale dual media biological activated carbon process for drinking water

This study was carried out to optimize a dual media BAC (biological activated carbon) process for DOC removal and DBPs (disinfection by-products) control. Pilot scale tests were coducted at the Tukdo water treatment plant in Seoul, Korea. The dual media BAC process is highly efficient in the removal of DOC and THMFP, and is more capable of sustaining microorganisms than a single layer filter. The bottom layer of the sand filter functioned as a screen for turbidity, microorganisms, and other biological material. Total DOC removal efficiency was 13 to 25%, and the corresponding THMFP (trihalomethane formation potential) removal efficiency was approximately 20 to 33%. Turbidity and DOC leakage continued for 40 min after backwashing in all reactors. Breakthrough occurred from 24-72 hours in each reactor. Ten species of microorganisms were identified in the activated carbon filled in BAC reactors. The predominant species were Clavibactor and Corynebacterium and microbial species were simple at the lower end.     

Hydro-treatment of Athabasca vacuum tower bottoms in supercritical toluene with microporous activated carbons and metal-carbon composite

Highly porous biomass-derived activated carbon (denoted as BAC) and the BAC-supported NiMo catalyst (Ni-Mo/BAC), as well as a novel highly porous metal-carbon composite (Ni-Mo-BAC) were prepared and tested for hydro-treatment of Athabasca vacuum tower bottoms (AVTB) in supercritical toluene at 380 °C. All the BAC-based catalysts were very effective for HDAs of AVTB, converting asphaltenes to maltenes (MA) with toluene insoluble (TI) as a by-product. The BAC and Ni-Mo-BAC catalysts, having much greater BET surface areas and containing significant amount of micropores, were exceptionally active for HDAs of the AVTB in supercritical toluene, leading to an AS removal efficiency of 68% and 79%, respectively. The hydro-treatment of AVTB in supercritical toluene with the BAC-based catalysts also led to 21-25% S removal and 30-32% N removal. The metal-carbon composite (Ni-Mo-BAC) showed exceptionally high activity in HDAs of AVTB in supercritical toluene, which might be accounted for by its unique properties of maintaining at a high BET surface area and porous structure during the AVTB treatment. The possible roles of the carbon-based catalysts and supercritical toluene in hydro-conversion of AVTB were discussed.     

利用生物活性炭提高微生物燃料电池产电性能

通过比较三组微生物燃料电池（MFC）的产电性能,考察使用生物活性炭（BAC）对提高MFC产电性能所起的作用。它们分别是：在阳极室内未投加活性炭的、投加了柱状活性炭的和投加了小颗粒活性炭的3种MFC。投加时机是在电池启动阶段,此时微生物在活性炭上驯化出生物膜,即形成生物活性炭,目的是辅助阳极富集更多微生物。结果表明,投加了小颗粒活性炭的MFC在产电性能和污水处理上具有优势。该电池最大容积功率密度达到1540 mW/m³ ,COD去除率达到了88%。     

高锰酸钾预氧化—O3/BAC组合工艺处理长江陈行水库原水

以长江陈行水库原水为研究对象,探讨高锰酸钾预氧化-O3/BAC组合工艺对水中有机物、消毒副产物前驱物的去除效果,并评价该工艺出水生物稳定性。结果表明,生物活性炭出水CODMn均值为0.63 mg.L-1,平均去除率68.9%,UV254均值为0.005 cm-1,平均去除率89.0%;高锰酸钾预氧化-O3/BAC组合工艺可以有效去除水中氯化消毒副产物前驱物,对THMFP和HAAFP的去除率分别为66.2%和84.2%;该工艺出水AOC质量浓度为47μg.L-1,,生物稳性较好。     

臭氧-生物活性炭联合应用提高电厂补给水水质

针对于目前火力发电厂补给水中的有机物含量过高的问题,采用臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺对其进行处理。实验结果表明,当O3的投加质量浓度为3mg／L、接触时间为20min、炭柱停留时间为20min,O3-BAC工艺对CODMn的平均去除率为52．57％,UV254的平均去除率为68．15％。同时O3和BAC协同作用使O3-BAC的活性炭柱出水水质稳定,延长了活性炭的使用寿命。实验表明,O3-BAC工艺在锅炉补给水处理中的应用可行。