Co-Fe/硅藻土催化剂上肉桂醛的选择加氢——反应性能的研究

在固定床反应器中对肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇的反应性能进行了研究。考察了Co-Fe催化剂的活性和选择性;Co负载量、助剂Fe对催化剂选择加氢性能的影响;考察了反应温度、压力、H2的空速等对肉桂醛在催化剂上加氢性能的影响。结果表明,钴/硅藻土催化剂的最佳钴负载量为12%,助催化剂和主催化剂的最佳比为Fe/Co=0.20(mol/mol)。最佳反应温度为423 K,反应的压力越高越有利于催化反应,但压力大于4 MPa后,肉桂醛的转化率和肉桂醇的选择性提高幅度不大,宜控制在4 MPa左右。空速对肉桂醇的选择性影响不大,但空速越高肉桂醛的转化率越低,催化反应中宜控制较低的氢气空速为佳。     

过渡金属改性的Pt/n-Al_2O_3在肉桂醛加氢反应中的催化性能

用NaBH4作还原剂,制备了中性氧化铝(n-Al2O3)负载的Pt-M(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Mn,Sn)双金属催化剂。考察了过渡金属及反应条件对Pt-M/n-Al2O3催化肉桂醛加氢制肉桂醇的影响。结果表明,Fe改性的Pt/n-Al2O3对催化肉桂醛加氢制肉桂醇具有较好的催化性能,当Pt-Fe/n-Al2O3(中性)催化剂中Pt、Fe的含量均为0.3%时,在70℃,2 MPa氢气条件下反应1.5 h,肉桂醛的转化率为100%,肉桂醇选择性高达84.8%。     

共沉淀法制备氧化铝负载铜催化剂及其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Al2O3负载Cu催化剂,表征了其晶相、孔结构、表面形貌,考察了制备条件对催化肉桂醛加氢性能的影响. 结果表明,与浸渍法所制催化剂相比,共沉淀法所制催化剂具有更高的肉桂醛加氢活性;随焙烧温度升高,催化剂活性组分粒径增大,肉桂醛的转化率先升高后下降,873 K还原的催化剂的活性最高;随反应温度升高,反应速率迅速上升,肉桂醇的选择性则下降. 在2 MPa和363 K条件下,反应4 h后肉桂醛的转化率为14.7%,肉桂醇的选择性为56.5%.     

Co—Fe催藻土催化剂上肉桂醛的选择加氢——反应性能的研究

在固定床反应器中对肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇的反应性能进行了研究。考察了Co-Fe催化剂的活性和选择性;Co负载量、助剂Fe对催化剂选择加氢性能的影响;考察了反应温度、压力、H2的空速等对肉桂醛在催化剂上加氢性能的影响。结果表明,钴／硅藻土催化剂的最佳钴负载量为12％,助催化剂和主催化剂的最佳比为Fe／Co=0．20（mol／mol）。最佳反应温度为423K,反应的压力越高越有利于催化反应,但压力大于4MVa后,肉桂醛的转化率和肉桂醇的选择性提高幅度不大,宜控制在4MVa左右。空速对肉桂醇的选择性影响不大,但空速越高肉桂醛的转化率越低,催化反应中宜控制较低的氢气空速为佳。     

过渡金属改性的Pt／n-Al2O3在肉桂醛加氢反应中的催化性能

用NaBH4作还原剂,制备了中性氧化铝（n-Al2O3）负载的Pt-M（M=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Mn,Sn）双金属催化剂。考察了过渡金属及反应条件对Pt-M／n·Al2O3催化肉桂醛加氢制肉桂醇的影响。结果表明,Fe改性的Pt／n-Al2O3对催化肉桂醛加氢制肉桂醇具有较好的催化性能,当Pt-Fe／n—Al2O3（中性）催化剂中Pt、Fe的含量均为0．3％时,在70℃,2MPa氢气条件下反应1．5h,肉桂醛的转化率为100％,肉桂醇选择性高达84．8％。     

掺杂Co对CNTs负载Pt催化剂上肉桂醛选择性催化加氢性能的影响

研究了Co的掺杂对Pt/CNTs催化剂催化加氢肉桂醛反应性能的影响。结果发现, Co的掺杂对Pt/CNTs催化剂催化加氢活性起到明显促进作用, 并有利于C＝O基团的选择性加氢。Pt-0.17% Co/CNTs催化剂显示了较高的肉桂醇加氢选择性, 在反应条件为70℃、2 MPa和1.5 h时, 肉桂醛的加氢转化率达到97.1％,生成肉桂醇的选择性达到93.6％。同时, 初步研究了该催化剂上肉桂醛催化加氢反应动力学, 催化反应的活化能为26.5 kJ•mol^-1。     

Mucor sp.JX23发酵液生物催化肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇

研究了Mucor sp. JX23发酵液直接生物催化肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇的反应,并考察了肉桂醛质量浓度、反应pH值、温度、时间等因素对反应转化率和选择性的影响。结果表明,Mucor sp. JX23发酵液的最适催化条件为：肉桂醛质量浓度3 g/L,反应体系的初始pH = 6.0,28℃反应70h。在此条件下,肉桂醛的转化率为82.9%,肉桂醇的选择性为90.4%。     

锡卟啉的合成及其绿色催化氧气氧化环己烯

考察催化剂金属锡次卟啉二甲酯催化氧化环己烯的反应性能。探讨了在催化氧化过程中,反应温度、压力、时间、催化剂用量等因素对环己烯转化率和产物选择性的影响,并结合GC-MS在线分析检测。结果表明,当温度100℃、压力0.8 MPa、时间7 h、催化剂用量0.5 mg(7.6×10-4mmol)、环己烯10 mL(98 mmol)的条件下,环己烯的转化率达84%,相应产物2-环己烯-1-醇和2-环己烯-1-酮的总选择性为94%,并对该反应的催化氧化反应机理进行了初步研究。     

锡卟啉的合成及其绿色催化氧化环己烯

考察催化剂金属锡次卟啉二甲酯催化氧化环己烯的反应性能。探讨了在催化氧化过程中,反应温度、压力、时间、催化剂用量等因素对环己烯转化率和产物选择性的影响,并结合GC-MS在线分析检测。结果表明,当温度100℃、压力0.8 MPa、时间7 h、催化剂用量0.5 mg(7.6×10-4mmol)、环己烯10 mL(98 mmol)的条件下,环己烯的转化率达84%,相应产物2-环己烯-1-醇和2-环己烯-1-酮的总选择性为94%,并对该反应的催化氧化反应机理进行了初步研究。     

生物基2,3-丁二醇选择性脱氢制备3-羟基丁酮反应工艺研究

采用自主知识产权并已工业化的铜基脱氢催化剂研究了2,3-丁二醇（BDO）选择性脱氢生产3-羟基丁酮（3H2B）反应工艺,分别考察了温度、空速、氢醇摩尔比等条件对反应的影响。结果表明,在临氢工况下,反应压力为常压～0.2 MPa、温度为250～270℃、氢醇摩尔比为3∶1、LHSV在2.0～9.0 h^-1时,2,3-丁二醇转化率≥56%,3H2B选择性≥97%;在非临氢工况下,反应压力为常压～0.2 MPa、温度为250～270℃、LHSV在2.0～5.0 h^-1时,BDO转化率≥60%,3H2B选择性≥96.0%。催化剂经1 600 h稳定性实验后,催化性能保持稳定,BDO转化率≥65%,3H2B选择性≥96%。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows     

船舶柴油机涡轮增压器的清洗

采用喷射清洗剂的方法，清洗涡轮叶片积炭。