可得然胶凝胶性能影响因素的研究

研究了3种物质PS、DS、WG对可得然胶凝胶强度和高温状态脱水率的影响。结果表明。PS对可得然胶凝胶强度具有显著提高作用,PS、DS、WG均对可得然胶高温状态脱水率有一定的降低作用,PS-DS-WG复配体在显著提高可得然胶凝胶强度的同时,还能降低其高温状态脱水率。     

可得然胶凝胶特性改变的研究

研究了添加两种盐类（PS、NS）对可得然胶凝胶强度的影响。结果表明,PS能够显著增强可得然胶在高温状态时的凝胶强度;NS能够显著降低可得然胶的凝胶初始温度;NS与PS复配,其协同作用可大幅提高可得然胶的凝胶强度、降低可得然胶的使用浓度和凝胶初始温度,从而拓展其应用范围。一     

可得然胶凝胶高温稳定性的改进

为了扩展可得然胶在三次采油等领域的应用,通过单因素实验与正交实验研究了提高可得然胶凝胶高温稳定性的方法。结果表明:添加适量的韦兰胶(0.15%)、小核菌多糖(0.15%)、四硼酸钠(2.00%)及Na_2SO_3(0.3%)能够显著提高可得然胶凝胶(2%含量)在高温(100℃)条件下的稳定性,保温60 d,凝胶强度保留率达到75%以上,凝胶脱水率低于15%,提高稳定性效果理想,为可得然胶后续深入拓展开发提供了实验数据。     

海上油田深部堵水用乳液增黏复合凝胶体系研究

针对海上油藏作业空间有限的特点以及传统的在线配注堵剂体系存在成胶强度低和封堵能力弱的问题,研制了一种由AMPS耐温抗盐乳液聚合物、聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）交联剂和无机纳米增强剂所组成的复合凝胶体系。通过成胶实验研究了组分质量分数、温度和矿化度对复合凝胶体系成胶性能的影响,优选了合理的配方并评价了注入和运移性能、热稳定性能和选择性封堵性能。结果表明：随着聚合物、交联剂和无机纳米增强剂组分质量分数的增加,成胶时间缩短和成胶强度增加。相比单一凝胶体系,复合凝胶体系的成胶时间缩短和强度增强。岩心注入和运移性能评价结果表明,复合凝胶体系待成胶液黏度低,能够在多孔介质中实现注入和深部运移,达到深部封堵目的。在模拟油藏温度80℃条件下,复合凝胶体系老化90 d后,脱水率仍然低于10%。该体系对不同渗透率的地层均具有良好的选择性封堵性能。     

水玻璃凝胶堵水体系提高采收率性能评价

在前人研究的基础上,以双河油田437Ⅱ4-6层系地质状况和地层水为例,对硅酸凝胶体系的成胶时间,成胶强度进行了进一步的研究,具体化了成胶时间和强度的控制方法,考虑了各种影响因素,取得了较好的效果。结果表明：水玻璃凝胶体系能够取得较好的堵水效果,完全满足现场要求。     

筛网系数法评价胶态分散凝胶

介绍了用筛网粘度计测定胶态分散凝胶筛网系数SF的方法 ,测得的筛网系数SF可以反应胶态分散凝胶成胶初期的相对强度及成胶时间 ,同时筛网系数SF的测定具有快速简捷、准确可靠、重复性好、无金属干扰等优点     

KL-1高强度凝胶配方研究及性能评价

针对油藏中的大孔道,裂缝等高渗通道,本文研究了一种高强度凝胶,通过正交实验和单因素控制实验考察高强度凝胶各组分对凝胶性能的影响。通过静态实验,实现凝胶强度可调,成胶时间可控;通过岩心动态实验,测得凝胶的封堵率98%,突破压力梯度30 MPa.m。     

高温养护对炉底灰胶凝体系强度及水化产物的影响

为实现炉底灰在大体积混凝土工程中的资源化利用,结合净浆强度测定、X射线衍射、红外光谱及扫描电镜等手段,研究了高温养护对不同龄期炉底灰胶凝体系强度及水化产物的影响,结果表明:炉底灰胶凝体系水化产物主要为羟钙石,红辉沸石,文石以及C-S-H凝胶,高温养护促进了胶凝体系中硅酸钙的水化,生成更多的羟钙石和C-S-H凝胶,提高了试样早期强度;养护后期,胶凝体系水化速率及强度增长速率减小,羟钙石参与碱激发反应被消耗,C-S-H凝胶聚合度降低.高温养护下,胶凝试样的早期微观形貌以密实的网状C-S-H凝胶为主,随着龄期的增长,C-S-H凝胶结构更加致密,包裹于凝胶中的羟钙石在高温作用下产生微裂隙,阻碍了试样强度的发展.     

筛网系数法评价胶态分散凝胶

介绍了用筛网粘度计测定胶态分散凝胶筛网系数SF的方法,测得的筛网系数SF可以反应胶态分散凝胶成胶初期的相对强度及成胶时间,同时筛网系数SF的测定具有快速简捷,准确可靠,重复性好,无金属干扰等优点。     

化学剂组分浓度对聚合物凝胶成胶性能影响研究

为了更好的揭示聚合物凝胶体系的成胶规律,利用布氏粘度仪对不同化学剂浓度下聚合物凝胶体系成胶粘度及成胶时间进行表征。研究结果表明:凝胶体系随着聚合物以及铬交联剂浓度的增加成胶时间下降、成胶强度增加,硫脲作为稳定可以有效的延缓成胶时间而对成胶强度影响较小。综合考虑成胶时间及成胶强度,最佳的聚合物凝胶体系配方为浓度为2 500 mg/L的聚合物+质量分数为为0.3%的铬交联剂醋酸铬+质量分数分别为0.03%的硫脲。     

Introduction of alkali soaking and microwave drying processes to improve agar quality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gracilaria verrucosa</Emphasis>

Gracilaria species produce agars with low quality due to their high sulfate concentrations. For this reason, the gel properties of many Gracilaria agars must be improved by appropriate processes. In this study, we developed an improved agar extraction process for Gracilaria verrucosa by alkali soaking extraction and microwave thawing and drying. Variables such as the seaweed to alkali volume ratio, extraction time, and alkali concentration were adjusted to optimize the yield and agar quality. The yield of the agar was maximized (34.5±0.6%) using 3% alkali concentration; the lowest yield (17.0±1.7%) was obtained with 1% alkali concentration. Agar gel strengths ranged from 462.0±7 to 627.3±11 g·cm^?2. We have developed a process for quickly producing an agar gel through thawing and drying using microwave radiation. This study shows the possibility of producing a high-value agar using alkali soaking extraction methods for nonedible G. verrucosa.     

龙须菜提取琼胶碱处理工艺条件优化

为研究高温稀碱处理条件与龙须菜琼胶理化性质间的关系,利用正交试验研究了碱液浓度、碱处理温度和碱处理时间三因素与龙须菜琼胶理化性质间的定量关系。通过综合出胶率、硫酸基含量和3,6-内醚-半乳糖含量的实验结果,得出三组最佳处理条件,再经验证试验,并最终由琼胶的凝胶强度确定碱处理的最佳工艺条件为:碱液浓度为6%,碱处理温度为80℃,碱处理时间为120min。为提高龙须菜琼胶加工质量、降低成本提供了重要科学依据。     

高相对分子质量PE的增塑熔融纺丝 Ⅱ.拉伸工艺和纤维的结构性能

采用石蜡增塑高相对分子质量ＰＥ后纺丝并经高倍拉伸制备高强高模纤维。此法比凝胶纺丝法工艺简单,产率高、成本低。该法研究了高相对分子质量ＰＥ和石蜡共混初生纤维的萃取拉伸工艺和拉伸纤维的结构性能。     

Investigation of a homogeneous activating ozonation method in the rinsing procedure of cotton fabric dyed with reactive dye

The textile dyeing process requires the consumption of large quantities of water, which includes huge amounts of coloured wastewater. Usually the rinsing of dyed fabric and the treating of the dyeing house wastewater are separated. The two independent processes not only increase the difficulty of wastewater treatment but also increase the costs of the treatment. In this paper, the ozone/tetraacetylethylenediamine active oxidation technology was employed to rinse dyed fabric and to decolorise the rinsing wastewater simultaneously. The effects of the rinsing conditions on the decolorisation ratio and the chemical oxygen demand Cr value of treated wastewater, and the K/S value, colour difference, tensile strength and fastness of dyed samples were investigated. The results indicated that the decolorisation ratio of the rinsing effluent was greater than 80% and the chemical oxygen demand Cr value decreased more than 58% by the ozone/tetraacetylethylenediamine rinsing process compared with that of traditional rinsing processes. Furthermore, the curve of decolorisation kinetics was in good agreement with a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model. In addition, the decolorisation mechanism was also discussed after ultraviolet–visible and ultra performance liquid chromatograph–mass spectrometry analyses of the degraded dye molecule.     

Effect of Kappa-Carrageenan on the Properties of Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone) Hydrogel Prepared by the Application of Radiation

Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) hydrogels with kappa-carrageenan (KC) were synthesized by γ-ray irradiation. The conditions of synthesis such as variation of total radiation doses and concentration of KC were determined. The properties of the prepared hydrogels, such as gel strength, gel fraction, swelling ratio, and water absorption were evaluated. Gel strength and gel fraction attain maximum up to a certain dose but swelling ratio and water absorption decrease with increased total doses. Gel strength, swelling ratio, and water absorption increase with an increase in the concentration of KC but the gel fraction reduces.     

水洗法分离处理油砂、油泥的研究

选择了水洗法作为油砂和油泥分离处理的统一方法。分别考察工艺条件中单因素条件的变化对分离效果的影响,确定了最适宜实验工艺条件。结果表明,对油砂来说,水洗剂为FH-1,水洗剂浓度为6.5%,分离温度为95℃,油砂与水洗剂的质量比为1∶6时水洗效果最好,出油率可达87.66%;对油泥来说,水洗剂为FH-1,水洗剂浓度为2.5%,试验分离温度为72℃,油砂与水洗剂的质量比为1∶6时水洗效果最好,出油率可达93.07%。     

Rinsing Processes in Open-width Washing Machines

A simulator is described for rinsing processes carried out on open-width washing machines. In combination with a theoretical model, a simple method is given for testing rinsing processes. The method has been used to investigate the extraction of caustic soda from a cotton fabric, varying the temperature, fabric velocity and type of fabric. The results were verified by measurements in a commercial open-width washing machine. The absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the washing water is shown to be important for removing the caustic soda. The method may be used in practical situations to optimise process conditions.     

用山楂中酸性成分制备新型天然豆腐凝固剂

以药食两用的山楂中混合有机酸研制新型豆腐凝固剂。超声辅助水浴法提取山楂中总酸成分,通过旋转蒸发浓缩提取液,作为新型豆腐凝固剂。以感官评价及凝胶强度为指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验优化该凝固剂的添加工艺。最佳工艺条件为凝固剂总酸添加量为0.25.100mL-1豆浆、豆浆浓度为1∶7、点浆温度为60℃,在此条件下制备的豆腐具有山楂香气,豆香浓郁,凝胶结构稳定。凝胶强度,感官指标均可与市售豆腐相媲美,为开发新型天然豆腐凝固剂打下理论基础。     

不同类型反胶团萃取细胞色素C的研究

以细胞色素 C为研究对象 ,研究了水相 p H值、离子强度、相体积比、表面活性剂浓度和类型及萃取时间对反胶团法萃取细胞色素 C的影响 ;讨论了不同类型反胶团体系的萃取机理。结果表明 ,反胶团法的提取率高 ,且高效、快速、简便。选择合适的体系和条件 ,可以实现细胞色素 C的有效萃取     

萃取条件对UHMWPE冻胶纤维结构与性能的影响

以二甲苯为萃取剂,对超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)冻胶纤维中的溶剂进行萃取,研究了不同萃取条件下UHMWPE冻胶纤维的结构与性能。结果表明,UHMWPE冻胶纤维的最佳萃取条件为萃取时间5 min,萃取温度50℃。随着萃取温度的升高,UHMWPE冻胶纤维的强度和模量增大,萃取温度50℃时,其结晶度最大。经萃取干燥的UHMWPE冻胶纤维截面具有微孔的网状结构。