新型锌合金单硅酸聚合性的研究

鉴于新型锌合金的硅含量，可高于常见锌合金的１０倍，在用光度法测硅前，对单硅酸的聚合性问题，进行了理论分析，并作了试验验证。结果表明，新型锌合金在测定条件下，单硅酸不聚合，所配制的一系列测硅检量液可隔夜使用，这既保证了测硅的准确度，又简化了操作，提高了分析速度，节约了药品。     

烧碱蒸发装置的改进

通过改进工艺流程，科学确定加热面积的配比，合理选择采盐泵等技术改进措施，提高了生产强度，满足了高气压的生产条件，延长了洗效周期，减少了设备的腐蚀，提高了成品碱的质量，满足了生产联二脲的要求并降低了汽耗和电耗，年可节约ll0万元。     

NONA的合成研究

完成了２，２＇，２″，４，４＇，４″，６，６＇，６″－九硝基三联苯的合成，并改进了其分离方法，使其纯度高于文献所报道，安定性更好。同时对合成的工艺条件进行了探索，部分地完成了实验室合成的工艺条件。     

论国企领导干部的"权力"与应承担的"责任"

我国企业改革开放多年来，取得了很大的成绩，打破了原来的旧经营体制，从计划经济转变到市场经济，给企业代来了很大的活力，企业争取到更大的经营自主权，推动了市场经济的发展，增强了我国的经济活力，使综合国力以及人民生活水平都有了很大的提高，广大人民群众也感受到改革开放给人们带来的好处，但是在旧体制转变到新体制的过程中，过分强调企业的自主权，致使个别企业领导人滥用职权，随心所欲，一切以自己的个性，以局部的眼前的利益来决策企业的一切事物，所有这些决策和带来的后果，没有一个领导来承担责任，使企业、社会从观念上对改革、开放搞活，这一具有历史性意义的工程发生了疑问，这就提出了企业的领导干部权力和应承担的责任如何相应挂钩、相应制约的问题。     

油水分离用水力旋流器特性的试验研究

油，水分离用水力旋流器是一种高效，节能的新型分离装置，其结构及尺寸与固，液分离用水力旋流器有较大的差别。通过研究，计算确定了水力旋流器的几何结构及各部分尺寸，并制造了一台样机，在自行设计的试验台上进行了试验研究，分离效率达９５％。同时试验了不同参数（（压力Ｐ，流量Ｑｉ，浓度Ｃｉ，分流比Ｆ，尾管长度ｌ３等）对仞了性能的影响，找出了一些规律，为进一步深入的研究及试验打下了基础。     

国外筒式过渡机简介

本文归纳介绍了国外近年来发明的先进的几种典型筒式过滤机及其结构，工作原理，特点，应用范围等，并进行了分析，近年来，美国和日本等国家，发明了多种型式的，用于涂料，净化水及啤酒等工业上的筒式过滤机，这些过滤机，揭开了过滤行业的新纪元，促进了工业的发展。     

肌醇生产中蛋白质的危害及去除

本文从肌醇工业生产的实际出发，阐述了蛋白质等杂质对肌醇质量、得率以及原辅材料消耗造成的影响，针对肌醇中蛋白质等杂质的特点，作者在不改变原生产流程，不增添设备的前提下，采用锡山市新宇化工厂生产的净化剂ＦＮＯ－１０，在去除蛋白质方面取得了明显的效果，不但提高了肌醇的质量，而且提高了肌醇得率，减少了辅助材料的消耗，降低了生产成本。     

生物絮凝剂的研究与开发

总结了生物絮凝剂的研究与开发状况。叙述了研究生物絮凝剂的背景，概括了产絮凝剂生物的筛选，鉴定及培养条件，分析了生物絮凝剂的结构，性能，作用机理，列举了生物絮凝剂的应用；最后，谈了目前对其开发的情况和新的研究方法。     

肌醇生产中蛋白质的危害及去除

阐述了蛋白质等杂质对肌醇质量，得率以及原辅助材料消耗造成的影响，针对肌醇中蛋白质等杂质的特点，在不改变原生产流程，不增添设备前提下，采用净化剂ＦＮＯ－１０，在去除蛋白质方面取得了明显的效果，不但提高了肌醇的质量，而且提高了肌醇得率，减少了辅助材料的消耗，降低了生产成本。     

混酸槽的复合衬里

利用橡胶和辉绿岩胶泥对混酸槽进行了复合衬里，该方法防腐败效果明显，降低了原材料的消耗，杜绝了跑，冒，滴，漏现象，这种方法简单易行，耗资少，使混酸槽的使用寿命延长，提高了经济效益。     

2004～2005年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2004年7月-2005年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2004年～2005年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界几大区域塑料的产量、增长率及所占份额；美国、德国、日本、韩国、法国、比利时、印度、西班牙、中国台湾、加拿大、巴西、英国等国家和地区的不同树脂的产量及消费量；各国、各地区塑料原料的产量、进出口量、国内消费量和人均消费量；日本塑料原料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮、聚砜）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol

The article underlines and discusses the state-of-the-art accomplishments in the catalytic conversion of glycerol (1,2,3-propanetriol) to fuels and value-added chemicals in the past five years (2008–2012). The reactions include steam reforming, aqueous-phase reforming, hydrogenolysis, oxidation, dehydration, esterification, etherification, carboxylation, acetalization, and chlorination. Typical products are hydrogen, propanediols, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, acrolein, glyceride, polyglycerol, glycerol carbonate, acetals, ketals, and epichlorohydrine. Recent studies on the catalysts, reaction conditions, and possible pathways are primarily discussed. They indicate that major breakthroughs are achieved by the use of multifunctional catalysts, process intensification and integrated reactions. Literature survey suggests that future work on the catalytic conversion of glycerol for commercial goals particularly requires new catalysts, innovative reactor engineering, and close multidisciplinary partnership.     

Mechanisms Governing Anaphylaxis: Inflammatory Cells,Mediators, Endothelial Gap Junctions and Beyond

Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute, life-threatening multisystem allergic reaction resulting from the release of a plethora of mediators from mast cells culminating in serious respiratory, cardiovascular and mucocutaneous manifestations that can be fatal. Medications, foods, latex, exercise, hormones (progesterone), and clonal mast cell disorders may be responsible. More recently, novel syndromes such as delayed reactions to red meat and hereditary alpha tryptasemia have been described. Anaphylaxis manifests as sudden onset urticaria, pruritus, flushing, erythema, angioedema (lips, tongue, airways, periphery), myocardial dysfunction (hypovolemia, distributive or mixed shock and arrhythmias), rhinitis, wheezing and stridor. Vomiting, diarrhea, scrotal edema, uterine cramps, vaginal bleeding, urinary incontinence, dizziness, seizures, confusion, and syncope may occur. The traditional (or classical) pathway is mediated via T cells, Th2 cytokines (such as IL-4 and 5), B cell production of IgE and subsequent crosslinking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) on mast cells and basophils by IgE-antigen complexes, culminating in mast cell and basophil degranulation. Degranulation results in the release of preformed mediators (histamine, heparin, tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase, cathepsin G and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and of de novo synthesized ones such as lipid mediators (cysteinyl leukotrienes), platelet activating factor (PAF), cytokines and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Of these, histamine, tryptase, cathepsin G, TNF-α, LTC₄, PAF and VEGF can increase vascular permeability. Recent data suggest that mast cell-derived histamine and PAF can activate nitric oxide production from endothelium and set into motion a signaling cascade that leads to dilatation of blood vessels and dysfunction of the endothelial barrier. The latter, characterized by the opening of adherens junctions, leads to increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation. These changes contribute to airway edema, hypovolemia, and distributive shock, with potentially fatal consequences. In this review, besides mechanisms (endotypes) underlying IgE-mediated anaphylaxis, we also provide a brief overview of IgG-, complement-, contact system-, cytokine- and mast cell-mediated reactions that can result in phenotypes resembling IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Such classifications can lead the way to precision medicine approaches to the management of this complex disease.     

Hydrocarbon components of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly sex pheromone

The primary sex pheromone of the yellowheaded spruce sawfly,Pikonema alaskensis (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), was found to include a series of straight-chain hydrocarbon dienes, all with the double bonds in the 9 and 19 positions and all with the (Z, Z) configuration. The major components, of 29, 31, 33, 35, and 37 carbon atoms, were synthesized. In the field and the greenhouse, the synthetic dienes were far above control levels in activity but, at least during the first hours of bioassay, were somewhat less active than the female-derived materials on a weight basis. In the field, a mixture of all five synthetic dienes, in the proportions found in the females, was more attractive than any single one, on a mole basis. In addition, (Z, Z)-9,19 dienes of 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 39 carbons have been detected in females in minor amounts. The first five were bioassayed, and each was found to be similar in activity to the 35-carbon component when compared on a weight basis. The synthetic dienes, while active by themselves, were strongly synergized by two, more polar, Florisil fractions derived from females. Experimental design considerations are discussed.     

抗菌防腐剂（Ⅰ）—抗菌防腐剂的历史、定义与分类

简要回顾了抗菌防腐剂的发展历程,进一步明确了杀菌剂,抑菌剂,抗菌剂,防腐剂,防霉剂,消毒剂,杀生剂,保鲜剂,抗生素的概念。同时,结合抗菌防腐剂的发展在对抗菌防腐剂按无机物,有机物和天然物分类的基础上,进一步又按化学结构和官能团将抗菌剂分为有机金属,有机卤代物,醇,酚,醚,醛,酮,醌,酸,酯,含氮类,含硫类,有机磷,有机砷类以及杂环类等。     

Genotype and growing location effects on phytosterols in canola oil

There is little information available about phytosterols in canola (Brassica napa L.) oil and the effects of genotype and growing locations from Virginia and the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, a potential area for the establishment of domestic production to provide edible oil. Our objectives were to characterize the phytosterols, phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, and FA in oil from Virginia-grown canola. Among 11 canola genotypes grown at two locations during 1995–1996 significant variations existed for oil content and FA profiles, but not for contents of phospholipids, unsaponifiable matter, total phytosterols, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, Total phytosterol content in the oil of Virginia-grown canola varied from 0.7 to 0.9% with a mean of 0.8%. This concentration compared favorably with oil from Canadian canola, which typically contains 0.5 to 1.1% total phytosterols. The mean contents of brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ⁵-avenasterol, and Δ⁷-stigmatenol as percentages of total phytosterols in Virginia-grown canola were: 9.7, 32.0, 0.6, 49.3, 4.99, and 3.5%, respectively. Growing location did not affect phytosterols in Virginia-grown canola oil but had significant effects on contents of phospholipids, and saturated (myristic, stearic, and arachidic) and unsaturated (palmitoleic, linoleic, linolenic, eicosenoic, and erucic) FA.     

典型过程强化技术在纳米材料制备中的应用进展

纳米材料被誉为21世纪的新材料,广泛应用于化工、电子、国防、陶瓷等领域。传统的纳米材料制备方法面临粒径控制较困难、批次间重复性差,存在放大效应等不足。过程强化技术是化学工程学科的研究前沿和热点方向之一,旨在通过在生产过程中采用新工艺、新设备等手段,实现缩减操作单元、减小设备体积、提高生产能力及能量利用效率的目的,是实现化工过程安全、高效、绿色的重要途径。过程强化技术不仅在制备时间和能源利用效率等方面明显优于常规方法,还可以得到特殊形态和性能的纳米材料。过去二十年中,过程强化技术广泛应用于纳米材料的小试和规模化制备,并取得了良好的经济及社会效益,引起越来越多科学研究者的重视。本工作以超重力、微化工、微波、超声、等离子体技术、离子液体为代表,综述了过程强化技术在纳米材料制备领域中的应用及相关研究的最新进展,结合实例对不同领域进行了概述,分析总结了各领域的优势和特点,讨论了在快速发展的纳米材料制备领域中存在的机遇和挑战,并展望了其未来的应用前景。     

Low-molecular weight organic compositions of acid waters from vegetable oil soapstocks

Alkaline extracts (soapstocks) from canola, corn, cottonseed, peanut, soybean, and sunflower oil refining were acidified, and identities and concentrations of the low-molecular weight organic components of the resulting acid waters were determined by gas chromatography, followed by mass spectroscopy, and by high-performance liquid chromatography. The main components of each acid water sample, in order of decreasing concentration and after omitting the fermentation product lactic acid, were phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from canola;myo-inositol, phosphoric acid, α-glycerophosphate andmyo-inositol-1-phosphate from corn; glycerol, α-glycerophosphate,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from cottonseed; phosphoric acid, glycerol, andmyo-inositol from peanut; α-glycerophospho-1-myo-inositol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, α-glycerophosphate, and glycerol from soybean; and α-glycerophosphate, glycerol,myo-inositol-1-phosphate, and β-glycerophosphate from sunflower.     

树脂基复合材料成型工艺研究进展

主要综述了树脂基复合材料的几种成型工艺,包括RTM、VARTM、CRTM、LRTM、RFI、VARI、SCRIMP、SRIM、TERM,各自的发展现状、成型原理、特点等.     

The variation of element contents in triticale during vegetative growth

The variation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As and Hg concentrations was studied under field conditions in triticale. The samples were collected every 10 days from tillering to full ripening stage using plant material from 0.5 m² per plot. The concentrations generally decreased from early growth to harvest. The elemental concentrations in triticale differed from the other cereals, but the variation's trend was similar.

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Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Schwankungen in den Konzentration von N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Sn, Sr, Sb, Ti, Te, V, Se, As und Hg in Triticale unter Feldbedingungen untersucht. Von der Bestockung bis zur Vollreife wurden alle 10 Tage von je 0.5 m² pro Parzelle Pflanzenproben genommen.In allgemeinen haben die Konzentrationen von Frühjar bis zur Ernte abgenommen.Der elementengehalt in Triticale war demjenigen der übrigen Getreidearten verschieden, aber der Trend der Änderungen war ähnlich.