2—氨基—4—芳基噻唑的合成

以苯乙酮（对硝基苯乙酮）、硫脲和碘为原料合成了２－氨基－４－苯基噻唑和２－氨基－４－对硝基苯基噻唑。以α－卤代２,４－二氯苯乙酮和硫脲为原料合成了２－氨基－４（２,４－二氯苯基）噻唑。第二种合成方法反应简便,收率高。     

从2,4-二硝基氟苯自由基氯化制备2,4-二氯氟苯的研究

２,４－二硝基氯苯与超细氟化钾（摩尔比１∶１．２）反应制备２,４－二硝基氟苯,收率８８．５％。后者在１８０°Ｃ液相脱硝基氯化制备２,４－二氯氟苯,收率８２．５％,纯度高于９９．５％,经ＩＲ和１３ＣＮＭＲ确认其结构。实验表明本合成路线简捷,成本低,此外还探讨了在氟化和氯化时爆炸的原因     

2-氨基-4-芳基噻唑的合成

以苯乙酮（对硝基苯乙酮）、硫脲和碘为原料合成了２－氨基－４－苯基噻唑和２－氨基－４－对硝基苯基噻唑。以α－卤代－２,４－二氯苯乙酮和硫脲为原料合成了２－氨基－４－（２,４－二氯苯基）噻唑。第二种合成方法反应简便,收率高     

有机中间体合成中的新试剂,新反应,新技术,新工艺：Ⅲ 氟硝基？…

本文详细介绍了硝基氯苯在季争盐和烷氧基聚氧乙烯醚存在下合成２,４－二氟硝基苯,２,３,４,－三氟硝基苯,５－氯－２,４－二氟硝基苯,２,４,５－三氟硝基苯,５－氯－２－氟－４－（硝基甲基）硝基苯和５－氟－４－氟－２（硝基甲基）硝基苯,２－氯－５－氟－４－硝基苯甲酸和４－氯－５－氟－２－硝基苯甲酸,２,４,５－三氟苯甲酸,２－氯－４,５－二氟苯甲酸的最新合成工艺。     

反—α—苯基邻硝基肉桂酸合成工艺探讨

本文详细探讨了反－α－苯基邻硝基肉桂酸（PNCA）在合成过程中，催化剂、反应温度和反应时间的影响，从中优选出一条理想的合成工艺路线。     

反—4—（4—R—苯乙烯基）吡啶光二聚反应的研究

通过反－４－（４－Ｒ－苯乙烯基）吡啶「Ｒ＝Ｈ（Ⅰａ）,Ｍｅ（Ⅰｂ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅰｅ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅰｃ）,ＯＨ（Ⅰｄ）,Ｍｅ２Ｎ（Ⅰｅ）」在烯盐酸中的光二聚反应合成了４个ｒ－１,ｃ－２,ｔ－３,ｔ－４,３－双（４－Ｒ－苯基）－２,４－二（４－吡啶基）环丁烷「Ｒ＝Ｈ（Ⅱａ）,Ｍｅ（Ⅱｂ）,ＯＭｅ（Ⅱｃ）,ＯＨ（Ⅱｄ）」,除Ⅱａ外,其余为新化合折。光二聚反应具有高度立体选择性且几乎是定量完成的。研究发现,随     

5—（5—硝基—2—吡啶偶氮）—2,4—二氨基甲苯与铂（Ⅱ）显色反应的研究

报道了５－（５－硝基－２－吡啶偶氮）－２,４－二氨基甲苯（５－ＮＯ２－ＰＡＤＡＴ）与铂（Ⅱ）的显色反应。实验表明,在０．９～３．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的磷酸介质中,铂（Ⅱ）可与试剂形成稳定的１∶３绿蓝色配合物。该配合物的最大吸收波长为６１３ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为７．０２×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。铂（Ⅱ）浓度在０～１１μｇ／１０ｍＬ范围内符合比尔定律。大量的常见金属离子和除钌外的其他贵金属离子不干扰测定。所拟方法选择性好,可在不加任何分离的情况下,直接用于二次合金管理样－８８及催化剂中微量铂的测定,结果满意。     

几个双偶氮—8—氨基喹啉新衍生物的合成及其分析应用的研究

合成了４个５，８－二位偶氮－８－８氨基喹啉衍生物，它们是５－苯偶氮－８－喹啉、５－苯基偶氮－８－（４－羧基苯基偶氮氨基）喹啉、５－苯基偶氮－８－（４－溴苯基偶氮氨基）喹啉、５－苯基偶氮－８－（４－硝基苯基偶氮氨基）喹啉。     

2,5—二甲基—3,4—二乙酰基呋喃及其衍生物的合成

以ＫＩ－ＮａＩ为间接电解质，丙酮为溶剂，用间接电氧化的方法将乙酰丙酮（３）、乙酰乙酸乙酯（４）进行偶联反应，高产率地得到偶联产物四羰基化合物（５－６），进而在酸性介质中经Ｐａａｌ－Ｋｎｏｒｒ环化，合成了２，５－二甲基－３，４－二乙酰基呋喃（７）和２，５－二甲基－３，４－二乙氧羰基呋喃（８）。（７）再经ＮａＢＨ４还原得２，５－二甲基－３，４－二（１－羟基乙基）呋喃（９）。     

原位荧光标定硝基化合物

介绍了用原位荧光标记法测定硝基化合物２，４－二氯苯基－４′－硝基苯基醚，Ｏ，Ｏ－二甲基－Ｏ－（３－甲基－４－硝基苯基）硫逐硫酸酯，Ｏ－乙基－Ｏ－异丙胺基－Ｏ－（对甲邻硝基苯基）硫逐磷酸酯，Ｏ，Ｏ－二甲基－Ｏ－（对硝基苯基）硫逐磷酸酯的方法，并报告了上述硝基化合物丹酰荧光衍生物的荧光性能。     

Effect of (E,E)-2,4-decadienal on Side-Chain Modification,Conformation Change,and Aggregation of Bovine Serum Albumin

Protein modification by active aldehydes is associated with ageing and some chronic diseases, and it is closely related to food quality and safety. In this study, the modification of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using trans,trans-2,4-decadienal at various concentrations (0–10 mm ) is investigated. The results show that the changes in the number of free amino groups and arginine residues, carbonyl formation, aggregation characteristics, and fluorescent lipofuscin-like pigments (LFLP) fluorescence are more severe at (E,E)-2,4-decadienal concentrations of 4–10 mm , whereas the conformational changes are more significant at low concentrations (0.1–2 mm ). In the BSA modified by 1–10 mm (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, the microenvironment of tryptophan residues to become more hydrophobic, the structure became compact, hydrophobic binding sites decreases, molecular weight and particle size increases, and covalently cross-linked heterogeneous aggregates increases. At the same time, the relationship between the oxidation parameters and samples is explained using principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. Practical Applications: (E,E)-2,4-decadienal is highly electrophilically active with biomacromolecules. However, compared to the widely studied malonaldehyde (MDA), acrolein (ACR), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), and 4-oxo-trans-2-nonenal (ONE)-protein adducts, research on the modification of a protein by (E,E)-2,4-decadienal is insufficient, and the chemical nature of (E,E)-2,4-decadienal-protein adducts is not clear. This study may be useful for extending our understanding of the specific role of (E,E)-2,4-decadienal in the formation of modified proteins during the occurrence of chronic diseases and provides a theoretical reference for food quality and safety problems caused by protein carbonylation during processing and storage.     

2甲4氯二甲胺与2,4-滴二甲胺混合物的高效液相色谱分析

[目的]2甲4氯酸与2,4-滴酸结构性质相似,其混合物的分离较困难,如果检测、分析方法不当,会影响检测结果的准确性.[方法]采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇-水为流动相,使用Spherisorb C18(5 μm)为填料的不锈钢柱和紫外波长检测器,检测波长227 nm,对50％2甲4氯二甲胺盐·2,4-滴二甲胺盐水剂中的2甲4氯酸与2,4-滴酸进行了定量分析.[结果]2种物质的分离度可达1.78,标准偏差分别为0.105、0.110,变异系数分别为0.39％、0.44％,平均回收率为99.3％、100.1％,线性相关系数为0.999、0.999.[结论]该方法操作简便,快速,准确,可以为复配制剂的生产与质量控制提供参考.     

2,4-二氯-5-磺酰氨基苯甲酸合成工艺研究

2,4-二氯苯甲酸为原料,经氯磺化、氨解、水解酸化三步反应制备了2,4-二氯-5-磺酰氨基苯甲酸(1)。研究了各步反应的影响因素,确定反应的最佳工艺为:n(氯磺酸)∶n(2,4-二氯苯甲酸)=3.5∶1,反应温度为130～140°C,反应时间为3.5h。得产品2,4-二氯-5-磺酰氨基苯甲酸(2)。n(氨水)∶n(2)=4∶1,10～15°C反应3h,盐酸酸化,得到(1),总收率79.3%,纯度98.7%(HPLC),结构经IR与1H NMR证实。     

2，4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚中杂质成分的分离与检测

通过气质联用方法,对2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚中的杂质进行分离和检测,经过库检索和人工解析发现：杂质主要包括2,4-二甲基苯酚、1-（叔丁基硫）-4-甲基苯、2-叔丁基-（邻、间、对）-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-5-甲基苯甲醚等4种化合物。     

2,4-Dichlorophenol molecularly imprinted two-dimensional photonic crystal hydrogels

A novel molecularly imprinted two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal hydrogels (MIPH) for sensitive and label-free recognition of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was prepared. The 2-D photonic crystal template was fabricated by using air-water interface self-assembly method. And then the template was embedded with molecularly imprinted polymer, which was synthesized with 2,4-DCP as imprinted molecules, dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent, acrylic acid and acrylamide as functional monomers, N,N-methylene bis acrylamide as cross-linker, azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The imprinted molecules were removed by 0.01 M ammonia solution. The results indicated that the 2,4-DCP molecularly imprinted 2-D photonic crystal hydrogels has good response and recognition ability to 2,4-DCP. When the molar ratio of cross-linking density of MIPH is 2.3% and the molar ratio of imprinting molecule is 5.0%, the change of Debye ring diameter is the largest. The diameter of Debye ring increased by 7.1 mm when the concentration of 2,4-DCP changed from 0 to 1 × 10⁻⁶ M, and the particle spacing of MIPH reduced 38 nm. In addition, the diameter of the Debye ring hardly changed in the solution of analogues of 2,4-DCP such as, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and so on, indicating that the MIPH has highly sensitivity and specificity.     

N-(2-methylpropyl)-(E,E)-2,4-decadienamide a mosquito larvicide fromAchillea millefolium L.

A methanol extract ofAchillea millefolium L. showed activity against 24-hr-old larvae ofAedes triseriatus. Bioassay- and TLC-monitored fractionation yielded a neutral fraction which was refined further by column chromatography to afford the antilarvalN-(2-methlpropyl)-(E,E)-2,4-decadienamide which was identified by spectral methods and through comparisons with a synthesized sample. Isolated and synthesized amides at 5 ppm resulted in 98 and 100% mortality of 24-hr-oldA. triseriatus larvae. TheN-(2-methylpropyl)-amides of decanoic and (E)-2-decenoic acids showed the same order of antilarval activity asN-(2-methylpropyl)-(E,E)-2,4-decadienamide, butN-(2-methylpropyl)sorbamide was inactive.     

Effect of surfactant micelles on homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of 2,4-hexadienoic acid with pentacyanocobaltate(III)-hydride complex

The influence of anionic (SLS), cationic (CTAB) and nonionic (NP 9E0) surfactant micelles on the homogeneous catalytic selective hydrogenation of 2,4-hexadienoic acid to 2-hexenoic acid in alkaline aqueous solutions of pehtacyanocobaltate(III)-hydride complex was studied at 1 atm pressure and 30 C. The results indicate that, compared to the reactions in the aqueous medium, (a) surfactant micelles present in concentrations in the neighborhood of their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) enhance both the net rate of formation of the pentacyanocobaltate(III)-hydride complex and its equilibrium concentration by factors of 2 to 5 and 1.1 to 1.5, respectively; (b) the neutral NP 9E0 surfactant micelles enhance the rate of hydrogenation of 2,4-hexadienoic acid by pentacyanocobaltate(III)-hydride complex by a factor of 3, and, (c) the SLS and the CTAB surfactant micelles totally inhibit the hydrogenation of 2,4-hexadienoic acid. Probable mechanistic reasons are also advanced in order to explain the observed activation of the well known pentacyanocobaltate(III)-hydride complex by surfactant micelles.     

2,4-二氯-5-氟苯甲酰乙酸甲酯生产工艺改进

讨论了２ ,４ 二氯 ５ 氟苯甲酰乙酸甲酯生产中, 碳酸二甲酯的回收和纯化。确定了通过破坏碳酸二甲酯和甲醇的共沸现象而得到高质量的碳酸二甲酯, 回收率达８２ ％ 。     

高效液相色谱测定环境水中2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸的方法研究

建立了以高效液相色谱法进行分离和检测环境水中2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的方法。环境水中的2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸用SPE C18小柱进行固相萃取。液相色谱的条件是：色谱柱：SPE C18 150mm×4．6mm;流动相：甲醇：水（9：1,V／V）;流速：3mL·min^-1;柱温：40℃;检测器：UV 282nm;进样量10μL。回收率〉98％,最低检测限为0．01mg·L^-1。本法具有良好的灵敏度和重现性。     

Mass transfer resistances in the palladium-catalysed hydrogenation of 1-methoxy-2,4-(nitrophenyl)-ethane

Hydrogenation of 1-methoxy-2,4-(nitrophenyl)-ethane (MNPE) to 1-methoxy-2,4-(aminophenyl)-ethane (MAPE) over Pd/C catalyst was studied in a three-phase stirred slurry reactor. The reaction was performed in a kinetic region (no internal and external mass transfer resistances) at temperatures ranging from 293 to 320 K, hydrogen pressure 200 kPa using powdered pellets of 1–4% Pd on carbon support. The rates have been correlated with power law and Hougen–Watson kinetic models. The rate expression which best fit the data is

which postulates a reaction between adsorbed MNPE (marked by B) and hydrogen (marked by A).