微电解-Fenton试剂氧化处理硬丁腈橡胶废水

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂法联合处理硬丁腈橡胶装置的拉开粉(BX)废水,试验了各种条件对废水中的COD和BX去除率的影响.结果表明,铁炭微电解的最佳工艺条件是:进水pH为3～4、铁炭质量比为1∶1、气水体积比为10:1、停留时间为30 min,对废水的COD和BX去除率分别达到51%和50%以上;以微电解反应出水作为后续Fenton试剂反应器的进水,当质量分数10%的FeSO4溶液的投加量为3.75 mL·L-1,pH=3.0±0.15、停留时间为60 min时,质量分数27.5%的H2O2溶液投加量为7.5 mL·L-1时效果最好,COD和BX去除率分别达到80%和87%以上.     

铁炭微电解/Fenton氧化预处理高浓度煤化工废水的研究

采用铁炭微电解/Fenton氧化组合工艺预处理高浓度煤化工废水,研究了工艺条件对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,铁炭床微电解的最佳运行条件为:进水pH=2,反应时间为20 min;Fenton氧化的最佳条件为:进水pH=4,30%H2O2投加量为3 mL/L,反应时间为60 min。在此运行条件下,COD总去除率可以达到60%～70%,其中微电解反应床COD去除率为40%～47%。采用该工艺预处理高浓度煤化工废水,降低了后续生物处理的负荷,同时不会引起铁炭床的钝化和板结。     

铁炭微电解吸附-Fenton氧化联合处理高浓度有机实验室废水的研究

采用铁炭微电解吸附-Fenton氧化、超声联合工艺处理高浓度有机实验室废水,研究了pH值、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间等因素对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:铁炭微电解吸附体系在pH=5、Fe∶C体积比为1∶1、时间为3h条件下COD去除率为24%;再经Fenton氧化控制反应时间2h,在FeSO4投加量为6g/L、H2O2投加量为90mL/L、pH=3的处理条件下,废水COD总去除率达48.32%。     

阿奇霉素废水的预处理

针对阿奇霉素废水高COD、高氨氮浓度、高色度以及高含盐量的特点,采用吹脱-铁炭微电解-Fenton氧化预处理阿奇霉素废水,效果良好。试验结果表明：吹脱pH值为11～12、吹脱时间20 h时,氨氮去除率达到80%;铁炭微电解pH值为3～4、铁炭比为1.5、反应时间为80 min时,COD去除率达到45%;向微电解出水投加30 mL/L的H₂O₂（质量分数为30%）进行Fenton氧化处理,COD去除率提高到89.6%。预处理后,废水的BOD₅/COD从0.18提高到0.3,提高了废水的可生化性。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton组合工艺深度处理焦化废水

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton组合工艺对焦化废水进行深度处理,考察初始p H值、铁炭质量比、铁炭微电解反应时间、铁炭投加量、H2O2投加量和Fenton反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,铁炭微电解的最佳运行条件为:初始p H值为2,反应时间为90 min,铁炭投加量为80 g/L,铁炭质量比为3∶1。Fenton氧化的最优运行条件为:H2O2的投加量为2 m L/L,反应时间为30 min。当试验原水CODCr的质量浓度为237~248 mg/L,色度为250~270倍时,在最佳运行工况条件下,经组合工艺处理后其出水CODCr的质量浓度为108~114 mg/L,去除率在51.9%以上,达到GB 16171—2012《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》中间接排放标准的要求。出水色度为20~25倍,去除率在90.0%以上,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准的要求。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton-生物接触氧化法处理土霉素废水

采用了铁炭微电解-Fenton-生物接触氧化工艺对高浓度难生化处理的土霉素废水进行处理.结果表明,当原水COD在6 000 mg·L~(-1)左右、pH=2.2时,铁炭微电解反应50 min后COD的去除率达到40%,再对铁炭微电解出水投加质量浓度220mg·L~(-1)的H_2O_2(30%)进行Fenton试剂法处理,COD的去除率达到75%以上,然后进入生物接触氧化反应池,出水能够达到排放标准.     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂预处理纤维素发酵废水

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂对高化学需氧量、高色度及高盐度的纤维素发酵废水进行了预处理研究。研究表明,铁炭微电解的最佳工艺条件为pH值为4～5,铁屑用量150 g/L,铁炭质量比为1∶2,反应时间1 h,曝气量30 mL/min;Fenton反应最佳条件为:pH值为5,H2O2投加量为4.5 mL/L,反应时间60 min,在此反应条件下,废水COD总去除率接近40%,色度去除率达81%,有效地去除了废水中影响乙醇发酵的4种抑制剂,改善了后续生化处理条件,提高了废水的可生化性。     

铁碳微电解-H2O2法预处理晚期垃圾渗滤液

采用铁碳微电解-H2O2法对晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理，研究了铁炭与H2O最佳组合参数以及处理效果。结果表明，当pH为4，铁炭质量比为3：1，水力停留时间（HRT）为1h时，垃圾渗滤液COD去除率达到40％；对出水投加1mL·L^-1的H2O2（30％），常温下反应20min，原水COD的去除率大于70％，色度去除率为90％以上，出水的可生化性由0．23增加到0．68。并通过对微电解反应后铁屑表面特征分析，研究了造成反应效率下降的原因。     

电Fenton法处理染料废水的研究

采用电Fenton法预处理染料废水,对影响COD及色度去除率的各种因素,包括内电解反应的初始pH值、铁的投加量、铁炭投加比,Fenton试剂氧化处理过程中初始pH值、H2O2的投加量及投加方式、反应时间等进行了研究。结果表明,内电解反应的最佳条件为：pH值为3．0,铁的投加量为25g/L,Fe／C为1：1．3;Fenton试剂氧化处理染料废水的最佳条件为：H2O2投加量为30mmol／L,pH值为内电解出水pH值（4．0左右）,反应时间为50min。COD去除率可达58％,色度去除率可达95％以上,B／C的值也由原来的0．08提高到0．36左右。     

高浓度有机废液预处理技术的研究

探讨了采用铁炭微电解-Fenton氧化-絮凝技术对高浓度有机废液进行预处理。结果表明,铁炭微电解反应条件为:进水pH为4,反应时间60 min,铁炭体积比为2:1,反应2次;Fenton氧化反应条件为:初始pH为4,投加占废液体积4%的质量分数30%的H2O2,反应时间60 min;絮凝沉淀反应条件为:初始pH为7,投加PAM 5 mg/L,PAC 300 mg/L。实验室优化工艺条件下COD总去除率达到93.3%,B/C由0.052提高至0.346,提高了废液的可生化性。经预处理后,可以进入企业污水处理站后续处理,达标排放。本方法能够将作为危险固废的高浓度有机废液转变为一般有机废水,以降低处理成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。