纳米医用生物陶瓷的制备研究进展

本文综述了牙科用氧化铝基生物陶瓷、羟基磷灰石生物涂层、多孔羟基磷灰石、羟基磷灰石/聚合物可降解生物复合材料、羟基磷灰石/ZrO2生物复合材料、β-Ca2P2O7生物材料等6种纳米医用生物陶瓷的制备研究进展,并对其制备研究进行了展望.     

钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层研究进展

钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层以其优异的力学性能和生物活性,成为近年来材料学家研究的热点医用材料之一。本文综述了在钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层的研究进展,特别是在提高涂层结合强度和涂层结晶度方面的最新研究成果,展望了钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层复合材料的发展趋势和前景。     

电沉积HA/Ti复合涂层的研究

采用复合电沉积-水热法在钛基体上形成羟基磷灰石／钛复合涂层。讨论了电沉积工艺条件对涂层中钛微粒含量的影响。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等手段对处理后的涂层进行了表征。实验结果表明：在[Ca^2 ]0．00525～0．042mol/L、J0.1～0．3mA/cm^2、T313～353K、t60～180min条件下能制备得到羟基磷灰石和钛微粒两相分布均匀的复合涂层，涂层中Ti微粒的含量为64.3％～88．7％(质量分数)。涂层经500℃烧结8h，羟基磷灰石和钛没有发生化学反应。     

羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层制备方法综述

羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷具有优良的生物相容性与生物活性,但强度低、韧性差的力学性能限制了它的广泛应用。医用钛及钛合金具有优良的力学性能,但耐磨性较差,同时属于生物惰性材料,与骨的结合是一种机械锁合。在医用钛及钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层是目前国内外的研究热点,具有重要的理论及实践意义。本文阐述了在医用钛及钛合金表面制备羟基磷灰石涂层方法的研究现状与研究进展,并对其工艺与理论发展进行了展望。     

羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料制备的研究进展

聚乳酸是一类重要的生物降解聚合物,羟基磷灰石是人体骨骼的基本成分。以羟基磷灰石为增强材料、聚乳酸为基体制备的羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料,是无机/有机生物复合材料的典型代表,具有良好的力学性能与生物相容性,在很多领域有重要的应用。本文主要综述了羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料的制备方法。     

钛板表面生物活性梯度陶瓷涂层的制备

采用涂覆-烧结法制备了一种以金属钛为基体的二氧化钛-羟基磷灰石梯度涂层材料.通过对其进行成分设计,从而将金属钛、羟基磷灰石这两种材料各自的优点综合起来,并弥补了相互的不足.用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）及粘结拉伸试验研究了该生物梯度材料的制备、组织结构、表面形貌、化学组成以及力学性能.试验证明,该材料具有较好的结合强度以及优良的生物活性,是一种很有前景的骨替换材料.     

碱处理法制备钛合金表面羟基磷灰石涂层

采用碱处理法制备钛基羟基磷灰石涂层,考察了碱液处理中有关钛合金表面活化参数对其诱导羟基磷灰石沉积速度的影响,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对样品的化学组成、结构和性能进行了表征,确定了钛合金表面活化处理的最优参数.结果表明,钛基体经10 mol/L氢氧化钠,饱和硝酸钙预钙化处理,模拟体液中培养后,羟基磷灰石沉积速度快,14 d就可形成致密﹑均匀﹑裂纹少的涂层;碱液处理后饱和硝酸钙溶液预钙化可得到片状的羟基磷灰石生物矿化层;且钛基体在600 ℃的热处理是HAP涂层沉积的重要条件之一.与相关研究相比较,该方法的优点在于可在形状复杂的植入体上形成均匀的涂层,工艺简单,并且涂层与基体结合牢固.     

羟基磷灰石生物陶瓷涂层制备方法评述

根据医用生物陶瓷羟基为磷灰石及医用金属材料的生物，力学特性，本文认为在金属基体表面涂覆羟基磷灰石是综合金属材料及生物陶瓷材料各自优越性阳有希望的途径这一。评述了羟基磷灰石涂层的制备方法，论证了较为优化的涂层结构。     

针状缺钙羟基磷灰石涂层的烧结特征及磷酸氢钙相的影响

研究了Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ表面针状缺钙羟基磷灰石涂层在４５０－９８０℃空气中烧结后的相组成和显微主磷酸氢钙相的影响,分析了缺钙羟基磷灰石的高温分解行为。烧结过程不仅使Ｔｉ６Ａｌ４Ｖ表面形成致密的ＴｉＯ２保护膜,而且获得了对骨组织生长 有利的 式磷灰石＋β－磷酸三钙双相涂层结构。由此使涂层／基体系统的生物特性和力学性能同时得到改善。     

电沉积制备羟基磷灰石-碳化硅复合涂层

采用电沉积技术在碳/碳复合材料表面制备出羟基磷灰石-碳化硅复合涂层,通过扫描电镜、x.射线衍射仪、能谱仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪研究了电解液浓度与电流密度对复合涂层形貌与组成的影响,采用粘接拉伸法测试羟基磷灰石-碳化硅涂层、羟基磷灰石涂层与基体的结合强度.结果表明:随着电解液浓度的降低,涂层的组成由磷酸氢钙转变为羟基磷灰石,晶体从大尺寸的片状逐渐转变为纳米级球状.随着电流密度的升高,涂层的钙、磷摩尔比逐渐升高,晶体向疏松的针状转变.选取适当的工艺参数,羟基磷灰石-碳化硅与基体结合强度高于羟基磷灰石涂层.     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.