碳纳米管在PA 6/PP共混体系中的选择分散性

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺（PA）6／聚丙烯（PP）／碳纳米管（CNTs）三元复合材料。研究了相容剂的结构、CNTs的表面性质对复合体系微观分散性的影响。结果表明,在相容剂增容条件下,PP可以在PA6基体中均匀分散,呈明显的“海-岛”结构;CNTs的表面有机基团决定了其在不同相中的分散,强酸处理的CNTs1^#表面氧化生成的羧基与PA6的胺基反应,在不同相容剂增容的PA6与PP共混体系中CNTs1^#均分散在PA6相中;而氧化后与己内酰胺原位聚合的CNTs2^#表面生成低聚合度的PA6,表面引入了一定的胺基,与双羧基相容剂（衣康酸与苯乙烯共聚接枝聚丙烯）反应,可使CNTs2^#进入PP相中。     

共单体固相接枝PP对PA6/PP合金增容作用的研究

研究了马来酸酐、苯乙烯共单体固相接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St)]增容尼龙6(PA6)/PP合金的两相形态结构、力学性能及结晶性能.结果表明,PP-g-(MAH-co-St)是PA6/PP合金的有效增容剂,少量的PP-g-(MAH-co-St)即可达到良好的增容效果,能够显著提高合金的力学性能.加入增容剂后,PP在基体PA6中的分散更均匀,颗粒尺寸更细小.增容剂使PA6/PP合金的结晶性能发生改变,PP结晶度增加,PA6结晶度下降.     

GF增强PA6复合材料的力学与摩擦性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备玻璃纤维(GF)增强尼龙(PA)6复合材料,研究了GF含量对PA6/GF复合材料力学性能和摩擦性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的磨损机理进行分析.结果表明,GF显著影响复合材料的力学性能和摩擦性能,GF质量分数为15%时增强效果较好,PA6/GF复合材料的缺口冲击强度比纯PA6提高5倍,摩擦因数降低43%,磨损量减少33%.GF含量较低时,PA6/GF复合材料的磨损以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主,含量较高时则主要表现为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损.     

相容剂和加工工艺对PA1010/PP共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St）]为相容剂,制备了聚酰胺10101/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混体系。用毛细管流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试等方法研究了和加工工艺相容剂对PA1010/PP共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-(MAH-co-St)有效降低了PA1010/PP共混体系的熔体流动速率;该共混体系熔体属于假塑性流体,熔体黏度随PP-g-(MAH-co-St)含量的增加逐渐增大;随着相容剂含量的增加,PA1010/PP共混体系中分散相PP的粒径逐步减小,力学性能得到改善,PA1010/PP/PP-g-(MAH-co-St)为70/25/5和70/20/10的共混体系的拉伸强度分别比PA1010/PP (70/30)共混体系提高了55.0 %和61.9 %,冲击强度分别提高了61.0 %和129.7 %;剪切速率为706.5 s-1时出现熔体破裂现象,剪切速率为5002.65 s-1时出现严重熔体破裂。     

PP-g-(MAH/VAc)接枝物对PP/PA6体系的增容作用

通过扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪和力学性能测试等方法研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸配和酷酸乙烯酷(PP-g-MAH/VAc)对聚丙烯康酸胺6(80/20}共混体系的增容效果。结果表明,PP-g-(MAH/DAc)用于PP/PA6共混体系,分散相PA6的微区尺寸可以减小到5μm以下,相应地提高了共混物的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和冲击强度。使用接枝率为5.3%的PP-g-(MAH/VAc)作为相容剂,当用量为8%时,体系的拉伸强度为60.88MPa,断裂伸长率为558%,冲击强度为5.28KJ/㎡.DSC分析表明,PP/PA6共混体系各组分相互促进成核,结晶度降低。FTIR结果表明,PP-g-(MAH/VAc)中的MAH上的酸配基团与PA6中的酸胺键发生了化学反应从而改善了体系的相容性。     

相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO_3三元复合材料性能的影响

分别以PP-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH为相容剂,制备了聚丙烯/尼龙6/纳米碳酸钙(PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3)三元复合材料。研究了不同相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3复合材料力学性能和微观结构的影响,确定了最佳相容剂及其用量。结果表明:相容剂对PP/PA6/nano-CaCO3复合材料具有良好的界面改性效果,其中POE-g-MAH的改性效果较佳。     

PP/EVOH/PA6共混物的性能研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH/)聚酰胺6(PA6)共混物,研究了PP/EVOH/PA6三元共混物的相容性、流变性能、阻隔性能、力学性能、热性能及形态结构。结果表明:相容剂与EVOH和PA6间发生了反应,提高了共混物的相容性;相容剂的加入提高了PP、EVOH、PA6的结晶温度,增强了PP与EVOH和PA6间的黏合力,降低了界面张力;EVOH占EVOH/PA6总量68%的三元共混物吸油率最小,当相容剂用量为5份时,PP/EVOH/PA6三元共混物吸油率比PP/EVOH二元共混物降低了8%。     

相容剂对PA6/PP合金性能的影响

分别采用聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和硬脂酸(ST)作为相容剂,通过熔融共混法制备了PA6/PP(聚酰胺6/聚丙烯)合金,研究相容剂用量对该合金性能的影响。结果表明,随着相容剂的增加,PA6/PP合金的吸水性和熔体流动速率下降,拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度先增大后减小。当PP-g-MAH和ST用量分别为PA6/PP合金的4.0%(质量分数,下同)和2.0%时,复合材料的综合性能更佳。     

长玻纤增强PP/PA6合金材料的性能

以连续长玻璃纤维为增强材料,以聚丙烯(PP)与尼龙(PA)6树脂为基体,以马来酸酐接枝PP(PP-g-MAH)作为相容剂,经过双螺杆挤出机和特制的浸润装置制备了长玻纤增强PP/PA6合金材料。通过常规力学性能、球压痕硬度、耐划伤、热变形温度等测试和微观结构分析,考察了PA6含量及其与PP-g-MAH质量比对合金材料强度、刚性、常低温冲击性能、硬度、耐刮擦以及耐热性能的影响。结果显示,当PA6/PP-g-MAH质量比为2,即PA6含量为10份,PP-g-MAH含量为5份时,合金材料的综合性能达到最佳;当PA6/PP-g-MAH质量比低于2时,PA6特性优势随着其含量增加而提升,而当PA6/PP-g-MAH质量比高于2时,相容剂不足以增容PP/PA6两相,综合性能有所衰减。所制备的长玻纤增强PP/PA6合金材料具有较好的强度、刚性、韧性、硬度以及更好的–40℃冲击性能,且其密度低,耐刮擦性能优异,在特殊领域如电动工具外壳具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚酰胺66改性玻璃纤维增强聚苯硫醚体系的摩擦学性能研究

研究了聚酰胺66(PA66)改性玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚苯硫醚(PPS)（PPS/PA66/GF）复合体系的摩擦因数、磨损体积、磨损后表面的微观形貌及损耗因子峰值、储能模量对摩擦因数的影响。结果表明,PA66的加入显著改善了复合材料的摩擦学性能,当PA66含量为40 %（质量分数,下同）时,磨损最小,为5.24 mm3,相对于PPS+30 %GF(13.60 mm3)下降了61 %;扫描电镜分析磨损表面,随着PA66含量的增加,磨损机理由磨粒磨损转为粘着磨损;复合材料损耗因子峰值越大,摩擦因数越小;初始储能模量越大,摩擦因数越小。     

Gemini表面活性剂/醇/正辛烷/盐水体系微乳液的研究

以壬基酚为原料在催化剂存在下与二溴烷烃作用生成双醚,然后磺化,合成了一类Gemini阴离子表面活性剂,用悬滴法测定了其油水界面张力,结果表明,Gemini表面活性剂可使油水界面张力降低到 10-3mN/m。研究了Gemini表面活性剂 /醇 /正辛烷 /盐水体系的微乳液相行为,通过拟三元相图的方法确定了助表面活性剂醇的种类,实验结果表明,链长的比链短的醇具有更好的助活作用。通过正交实验方法得到了形成中相微乳液的最佳组成:w(GeminiD) =0 1%;w(n C6H13OH) =4 0%;w(NaCl) =1 5%。     

Formation of the Perovskite Phase in the PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3─PbTiO3 System

The reaction sequences during calcination of oxide mixtures were studied for the PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃─PbTiO₃ (PMN-PT) system. The effect of reactivity and composition of the starting mixtures was investigated. In the present study, a B-site-deficient, cubic pyrochlore phase in the PbO-Nb₂O₅ system was formed at 500°C. The perovskite phase of PMN was formed at 7007deg;C through the diffusion of MgO into the pyrochlore phase. The lattice parameter of the pyrochlore phase decreased as this transformation to perovskite progressed.     

Phase Equilibria in the Spinel Region of the System FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3

Phase relations in the spinel region of the system FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃ were determined in CO₂ at 1300°, 1400°, and 15000°C and for partial oxygen pressures of 4 × 10⁻⁷ and 7 × 10⁻¹⁰ atmospheres at 15OO°C. The spinel field extends continuously from Fe₃O_4-x to FeAl₂O_4+z.     

EVA／APP／PER／MEL／纳米蒙脱土复合材料的研究

通过制备有机改性蒙脱土(MMT),共混改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物为主体的无卤膨胀阻燃电缆材料,发现改性MMT与聚磷酸铵(APP)/季戊四醇(PER)/三聚氰胺(MEL)三元膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)之间有力学和阻燃协效作用,能同时提高塑料的力学和阻燃性能。     

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Metastable Regions for the AI2O3-SiO2 System

The paper offers a short review of investigations conducted on the Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system, particularly from the point of view of an appearance of immiscibility gaps, below the liquidus temperatures. Based on theoretical criteria and using the data along the liquidus curves (for mullite and corundum), this investigation suggests immiscibility regions at both ends of the phase diagram. That is, it defines the Margules polynomials for calculation of the activity coefficients necessary for determining the Gibbs energy of mixing. Obtained results are in good agreement with the results reported by Risbud and Pask and other investigators who have found immiscibility gaps at rather high temperatures.     

Phase Diagram for the SiF4 Join in the System SiO2-Al2O3-SiF4

Alumina reacts with 1 atm of SiF₄ below 660°± 7°C to form A1F₃ and SiO₂. At higher temperatures the product is a mixture of fluorotopaz and AIF₃. Mixtures of fluorotopaz and AIF3 decompose in 1 atm of SiF₄ at 973°± 8°C and form tabular α-alumina. The equilibrium vapor pressure of SiF₄ above mixtures of fluorotopaz and AlF₃ is log p (atm) = 9.198 – 11460/ T (K). Fluorotopaz itself decomposes at 1056°± 5°C in 1 atm of SiF₄ to give acicular mullite, 2Al₂O₃^.1.07SiO₂. Alumina and mullite are stable in the presence of 1 atm of SiF₄ above 973° and 1056°C, respectively. The phase diagram of the system SiO₂-Al₂O₃-SiF₄ shows only gas-solid equilibria.     

Studies in the System CaO-Al2O3-SiO2H2O: III, New Data on the Polymorphism of Ca2SiO2 and Its Stability in the System CaO-SiO2- H2O

The nature of the low-temperature inversions γ-α' and α'-β was investigated by various techniques: hydrothermal and "dry" quenching runs, differential thermal analysis at atmospheric and elevated nitrogen pressures, X-ray diffractometer patterns obtained at elevated temperatures, "static" pressure techniques, and infrared absorption spectrometry. A revised energy-temperature diagram is presented for Ca₂SiO₄, with the transition γ' to α' taking place at about 725°C. and the α'-β transition, although not reversible at an exact temperature, taking place at about 670° C. At low water pressures (2000 lb. per sq. in.) the inversion γ-α' was placed at 675°C. Attempts to extrapolate the value obtained at 2000 lb. per sq. in. to obtain a more accurate reversible inversion temperature at atmospheric pressure, although limited in accuracy by the reliability of heat-of-transition data, would indicate a temperature of about 725° C. at atmospheric pressure. Three new compounds, 8CaO.3SiO₂ -3H₂O (X), 6CaO 3SiO₂.H₂O (Y), and 9CaO-6SiO₂ H₂O (Z), were found to be stable above 700°C. at H₂O pressures greater than 7500 lb. per sq. in.     

On the Formation of Fe2+ in the System MgO-Fe2O3-MgFe2O4 at High Temperatures

The formation of ferrous iron in the system MgO-Fe₂O₃MgFe₂O₄ is of interest in connection with its deleterious effect on the microwave performance of magnesium ferrite, MgFe₂O₄. The partial reduction of ferric iron in the system at relatively low temperatures is discussed in terms of the preferential diffusion of iron, and its partial stabilization as ferrous iron from lattice energy considerations.     

Phase Relations in the Si3N4-Rich Portion of the Si3N4–AlN–Al2O3–Y2O3

The phase relations in the Si₃N₄-rich portion of the Si₃N₄–AlN–Y₂O₃ rystem were investigated using hot-pressed bodies. The one-phase fields of β3 and α, the twophase fields of β+α, β+M (M=melilite), and α+M, and the three-phase fields of β+α+M were observed in the Si₃N₄-rich portion. The α- and β-sialons are not two different compounds but an allotropic transformation phase of the Si–Al–O–N system, and an α solid solution expands and stabilizes with increasing Y₂O₃ content. Therefore, the formulas of the two sialons should be the same.