一代宗师何朝宗瓷塑艺术的文化解读

明代德化瓷塑大师、瓷圣何朝宗的瓷塑艺术具有独特和永恒的艺术魅力,它达到了中国古代瓷塑艺术成就的高峰。何朝宗鬼斧神工的瓷塑艺术将宗教精神、人生哲学、审美情趣融入德化的白瓷,创造出了一件件不朽的瓷塑艺术品,他的艺术风格一直影响到数百年后的今天。现存福建泉州海交馆的何朝宗瓷塑艺术代表作品《渡海观音》,就是一尊何氏精湛的雕塑艺术语言和艺术家心目中的“世上独一无二的艺术珍品”。何朝宗的瓷塑艺术凝铸着一个时代的智慧,它将永恒的闪耀着灿烂的光辉。     

木块填料对高浓度乙醇连续发酵过程中振荡行为的弱化机制

前期研究发现，添加木块填料可有效弱化管式反应器中的振荡行为，并推测其机理可能与酵母细胞的固定化、酵母细胞生长微环境的改变和管式反应器中稀释速率的改变三方面因素有关。本文实验证明了木块填料反应器的稀释率的改变不是导致振荡弱化的主要原因。进一步研究表明：一方面，与其他填料体系相比，木块填料体系不仅维持了较高的生物量浓度，而且维持了较高的细胞活性，从而具备了弱化振荡的前提条件；另一方面，与无填料体系培养出的酵母细胞相比，木块填料体系培养的酵母细胞具有较高的乙醇耐受性，从而弱化了乙醇浓度变化导致的发酵参数的大幅度波动。     

浅谈现代陶艺

20世纪90年代以来,在中国现代陶艺的快速发展的道路上,积累了不少问题,其中一些问题是中国特有的,它是中国当代艺术在国际化潮流中不可避免的遭遇,例如现代主义和后现代主义在移植时的前后衔接的尴尬,本土化、后殖发主义的影响等.     

Y型分子筛负载磷钨酸催化剂的结构和性能

采用混合法制备磷钨酸质量分数不同的Y型分子筛负载催化剂,利用傅立叶红外光谱和X射线衍射仪表征了催化剂的表面酸性和结构,并用催化法脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的烷基化反应考察其催化性能.结果表明,220 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Keggin结构,550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸为Dawson结构,Dawson结构的磷钨酸催化烷基化反应的性能优于Keggin结构的磷钨酸.随着磷钨酸量的增加,催化剂中B酸量先增加后减少,L酸量减少.550 ℃焙烧的磷钨酸质量分数为5%的催化剂具有较好的催化活性和较长的寿命.     

骨胶生产中蒸骨制胶操作方法

1 对蒸骨制胶过程的认识 蒸骨制胶的过程也就是用蒸汽使骨料块在密封的锅内受热、受压,使骨质疏松,由生胶质热解转变为可溶解于热水的动物胶质(习惯上称之为"骨胶")的过程.     

华顾恩:团队是成功的关键——独家专访法基瑞安水泥首席执行官

"你好,欢迎欢迎!".作为拉法基瑞安水泥的CEO,华顾思微笑着向<中国水泥>的记者们一一握手打招呼,尽管他的发音还带着外国的语调,但听起来非常亲切.陪同我们采访的公司负责企业传播的副总裁乔天云告诉记者,与我们见面之前,华顾思刚刚从法国总部开会回来.他的工作很忙,日程安排满满的,许多时间都是在国内国际航线上度过的.但他依然神采奕奕,目光敏锐,嘴角带着可亲的笑容.华顾思热情随和,采访中始终带着微笑,有时还开个玩笑.他给<中国水泥>记者的印象--身材魁梧,天庭饱满,浓而密的眉毛下面有一双睿智的眼晴,这是一位具有很强亲和力和感染力的企业领导人.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对内胎质量的影响

从内胎生产所用设备的性能和操作对内胎质量的影响进行了阐述.着重介绍了内胎生产所用设备的结构、工艺流程及经常出现的质量缺陷、造成的原因和防治办法.对内胎生产具有一定的参考价值.     

硬度计压头形状和负荷的大小对显微硬度的影响

硬度是衡量超硬材料烧结体的主要特性之一.然而目前国内外还没有超硬材料烧结体硬度测量的统一的标准.文章通过硬度计测量标准块的硬度值总结如下:施加相同力而采用不同形状的压头所得结果不同,采用相同的压头而施加不同的力所得结果也不一样;随着施加负荷的增大,压痕周围产生的破碎形变也在增大,这将影响测量值的准确性.因此,压头的形状和所施加的负荷是影响硬度值的一个重要因素.通过分析得知,在测试中应采用努普压头并且施加小负荷的力.[1,3]     

用∑WESH图评价某涂料化工厂的可持续性

介绍了在清洁生产过程中用∑WESH图评价涂料化工厂的可持续发展的原理及方法,并进行了一个实例的评价.从该厂的∑WESH图得出该厂的水及能源的利用率高,所用的原材料的稀缺性都不大,唯一较严重的问题是二甲苯的通过量大,危害性较严重.因此建议该厂在配方上尽量减少二甲苯的使用,开发新产品.     

颜色釉的装饰特点及其运用

景德镇的高温颜色釉瓷器以其丰富多彩的釉色、精致完美的器物、风格迥异的造型、清亮耀眼的光泽,而成为世界工艺美术史上一颗闪烁着夺目光华的明珠.本文从颜色釉的形成和发展、颜色釉的工艺特色以及颜色釉的运用及创新等方面作了些浅显论述,以求证颜色釉的灿烂成就.     

The lipid composition of erythrocytes in european cattle and buffalo steers

This study compared the lipid composition of the red blood cells of European cattle and of buffalo steers at the same level of feed intake in a thermoneutral evironment. The mean volumes of the erythrocytes and their lipid content were greater in buffalo than those in cattle. However, the amounts of phospholipid and cholesterol in cells of equal volume were higher in buffalo than in cattle. In contrast, the phospholipid level at a given cholesterol level was higher in cattle than in buffalo. The distribution of the different molecular species of phospholipids in the red cells of the two breeds were similar, but there were significant distinctions in their fatty acid patterns, notably in the levels of 24∶0 and 24∶1 in the sphingomyelin fractions. The proportion of total monounsaturated acids in the erythrocytes were similar from both breeds. However, there was a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a corresponding lower content of total saturated fatty acids in the red cells from buffalo than in those from cattle. The breed differences in erythrocyte lipid composition are discussed in relation to breed differences in red cell characters and could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of environmental adaptation.     

Changes in the Properties of Synthetic Fibres in Thermal Aging

Thermal aging of complex lavsan, nitron, and anid fibres and lavsan and nitron yarn was investigated in the temperature region above the glass transition temperature (120, 150, 180°C) in the free state and with shrinkage for up to 300 h. It was shown that thermal aging of chemical fibres in the general case includes periods of structural and thermochemical aging. The kinetic characteristics of thermal shrinkage of chemical fibres and yarn in the first period of thermal aging were investigated. An exponential curve of shrinkage in time was obtained and can be used to predict the behavior of fibres and yarn in the first period of aging in the free state. The kinetics of the change in the strength and relative elongation at break was investigated in prolonged thermal aging of chemical fibres and yarn in the free (with shrinkage) and fixed (without shrinkage) states. The exponential dependence of the change in the fibre breaking characteristics on the duration of heat treatment was demonstrated. The change in the properties in prolonged thermal aging in the free and fixed states in the first stage of aging takes place differently. With shrinkage, the strength decreases and the deformability increases as a result of relaxation phenomena in the first stage, followed by a symbatic decrease in the strength and deformability as a result of thermal degradation processes in the second stage. In heat treatment in the fixed state, the change in the mechanical properties in the first stage is slight, while the strength and deformability simultaneously decrease in time as a result of thermal aging in the second stage. The quantitative characteristics found can be used to predict the change in the mechanical properties of chemical fibres and yarn in conditions of prolonged exposure to heat.     

Fire deaths in the United Kingdom 1976-82

A study of fire deaths in the Glasgow area has been extended to the rest of the United Kingdom in order to assess the applicability of the conclusions reached in the Glasgow study to the whole country. With assistance from pathologists in a number of other areas, 71 cases were included in the study, covering both pathology and toxicology of the deaths where possible. In both the Glasgow and UK studies, most of the fire deaths occurred in dwelling-house fires. These and other demographic characteristics were in agreement with national fire statistics. The principal features of pathology in this study were burns (79 per cent of cases), respiratory system injury (72 per cent of cases) and soot deposition in the respiratory tract (96 per cent of cases), and these reflected a similar incidence in Glasgow study. Carbon monoxide was considered to be the cause of death in 51 per cent of the deaths in this study and to be implicated in the death of 37 per cent of the other cases (54 per cent and 31 per cent respectively in Glasgow). Cyanide was estimated to be a significant factor in 33 per cent of the deaths in the UK study (24 per cent in Glasgow). Alcoholic intoxication was found to be a significant additional factor in Glasgow but was much less prominent in the other areas of the UK. It concluded that, with the exception of alcohol, the results of the Glasgow study are valid for the UK as a whole.     

微生物技术在油气田开发中的研究与应用进展

综述了微生物技术在油气勘探、渗透率调剖、提高采收率、清防蜡、原油破乳、浮油处理方面的应用,并对难点问题进行了分析,展望了微生物技术在油气田开发中的应用前景.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of degradability and biocompatibility of poly(p-dioxanone) hemostatic clips for laparoscopic surgery

For the clinical application of biodegradable hemostatic surgical clips in laparoscopic surgery, it is necessary to determine their degradability and biocompatibility. Herein, in vitro and in vivo studies were undertaken to evaluate the degradability and biocompatibility of bioabsorbable clips made of poly(p-dioxanone). Changes in weight loss, pull-off force, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the poly(p-dioxanone) clips were determined after they were degraded in deionized water and phosphate buffer saline for the in vitro experiment and in laparoscopic models of bile duct ligation(BDL) and right gastroepiploic artery ligation(GEAL) using New Zealand white rabbits for the in vivo experiment. Changes in weight loss and pull-off force were greater in the in vivo experiment than the in vitro experiment. DSC showed the greatest variation in the degree of crystallinity of the clips degraded in deionized water. Stark differences in SEM were observed after 4 weeks of degradation both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of the clips was considered satisfactory because the L929 cells could adhere to the clips and proliferate adequately in the presence of the clip extract. Biocompatibility was inferred based on the histological analysis of BDL and GEAL, no significant inflammatory responses were observed after 4 weeks of ligation.     

Investigation of high-density polyethylene film surface treated with chromic acid mixture by use of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

High-density polyethylene films were treated with chromic acid mixture. 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine was reacted on the treated films. The changes in amounts of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones formed in the films were inferred by comparing the absorptions in the ultraviolet spectra. The changes in the film surfaces by chromic acid mixture treatment were investigated by comparing the changes in the amount of the hydrazones with changes in water wettability of the treated films. Scanning electron micrographs of the treated film surfaces were taken. Oxidation of the film surface zone, partial breakdown of polymer in the film surface zone, and oxidation of surface zone bared from the film inner zone seem to have occurred with increase in treatment time. When the treatment temperature was raised, the increase in carbonyl groups in the surface of the high-density polyethylene film with rise in treatment temperature seems to have been prevented by an increase in partial breakdown of polymer in the film surface.     

Distribution of cholesterol sulfate and its anabolic and catabolic enzymes in various rabbit tissues

Cholesterol sulfate (CS) recently has been shown to be involved in signal transduction pathway. To evaluate its functional significance, we determined the concentration of CS, and the specific activities of cholesterol sulfotransferase and CS sulfatase in various tissues of rabbit, and compared them with the concentration of sulfoglycolipids in rabbit tissues. CS was present in the epithelia and mucosa, but not in the tunica muscularis, of the digestive tract, trachea, uterine endometrium and uterine cervix. It was also present in lung, spleen, kidney, prostate, skin, hair, and nail at relatively high concentrations. Its concentration in the uterine endometrium was nine times higher in pseudopregnant rabbits than in nonpregnant rabbits because of activation of cholesterol sulfotransferase and inhibition of CS sulfatase in the pseudopregnant rabbits. Sulfoglycolipids were not detected in the uterine endometria of either nonpregnant-or pseudopregnant rabbits. However, sulfoglycolipids were detected at relatively high concentrations in the cerebrum, cerebellum, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, testis, and kidney of rabbits and thus the tissues in which both sulfolipids were detected were the gastrointestinal tract and kidney. In the digestive tract, the concentration of CS decreased in the order esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, but that of sulfatide increased in the same order, indicating distribution of CS in the squamous epithelium. In addition, both CS and sulfatide were detected in the serum. On the other hand, CS sulfatase activity was detected in all tissues examined, even in hair, from which the enzyme was liberated by brief sonication, and its highest specific activity was deteted in the liver. The specific activity of cholesterol sulfotransferase varied among the tissues examined and was found to be significantly high in the esophageal epithelium and the uterine endometrium of pseudopregnant rabbit, indicating involvement of cholesterol sulfation in the formation of epithelium.     

精-异丙甲草胺在大豆及土壤中的残留动态

为了评价精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态及环境安全性,在天津、吉林两地同时进行了精-异丙甲草胺在大豆上的残留动态试验.结果表明,天津地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为19.1 d,在土壤中的半衰期为27.9 d;吉林地区精-异丙甲草胺在大豆植株中的半衰期为21.4 d,在土壤中的半衰期为34.1 d.收获的大豆籽粒中精-异丙甲草胺最终残留量均为未检出.     

Differential Distribution of RBPMS in Pig,Rat, and Human Retina after Damage

RNA binding protein with multiple splicing (RBPMS) is expressed exclusively in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the retina and can label all RGCs in normal retinas of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, and monkeys, but its function in these cells is not known. As a result of the limited knowledge regarding RBPMS, we analyzed the expression of RBPMS in the retina of different mammalian species (humans, pigs, and rats), in various stages of development (neonatal and adult) and with different levels of injury (control, hypoxia, and organotypic culture or explants). In control conditions, RBPMS was localized in the RGCs somas in the ganglion cell layer, whereas in hypoxic conditions, it was localized in the RGCs dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. Such differential distributions of RBPMS occurred in all analyzed species, and in adult and neonatal retinas. Furthermore, we demonstrate RBPMS localization in the degenerating RGCs axons in the nerve fiber layer of retinal explants. This is the first evidence regarding the possible transport of RBPMS in response to physiological damage in a mammalian retina. Therefore, RBPMS should be further investigated in relation to its role in axonal and dendritic degeneration.     

Effects of water absorption on mechanical properties of hemp fiber composites

Effects of water absorption on mechanical properties of hemp fiber composites have been studied. Finite difference method modeling of water absorption in these composites showed the diffusion to be Fickian in nature. The residual tensile and flexural properties showed immediate decline following immersion in water, the loss in modulus being more pronounced than the loss in strength. The fracture of tensile tested composites following immersion in water was found to be more ductile than brittle, which showed the evidence of shear stresses being more significant in these conditions. For impact damaged composites immersed in water, most of the degradation in residual tensile properties occurred within first 100 h of immersion in water at same impact energy level and further immersion in water for up to 400 h did not result in any further degradation. No deterioration in fatigue strength and fatigue sensitivity of composites following immersion in water was observed. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers