可断键均三嗪脂肪磺酸盐型表面活性剂的合成与表面活性

以脂肪胺、三聚氯氰、氨基乙磺酸为原料合成了4种不同碳链长度均三嗪脂肪磺酸盐型表面活性剂[2-脂肪胺基-4-(2-磺基乙基)胺基-6-氯-1,3,5-均三嗪]。用元素分析、1HNMR、FTIR对中间体和目标产物的结构进行了表征。测定了25℃时4种表面活性剂的表面张力,研究了它们的表面活性。结果表明,疏水链长为C14时,该类表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和cmc下的表面张力(γcmc)达到最低值分别为:3.58×10-5mol/L和32.53 mN/m。与普通表面活性剂C12-LAS相比,疏水链长为C12~C16的该类表面活性剂的cmc均比C12-LAS低1~2个数量级,即它们降低水溶液表面张力的效率比C12-LAS高;疏水链长为C8、C12和C16时,其在溶液表面的饱和吸附量均比C12-LAS小,饱和吸附面积比C12-LAS大;疏水链长为C14时则相反。     

阴离子低聚表面活性剂吸附影响因素研究

采用浓度差减法研究了阴离子双子表面活性剂AK1048在含油石英砂上的吸附,考察了温度、盐度以及pH值等对其吸附特性的影响,发现随着表面活性剂体系盐度的增加,AK1048吸附量减小;随着pH值的增加,吸附趋势变化不明显;温度升高,GA 8-4-8吸附量减小;疏水基碳链长度越长,吸附量越大。上述结论为阴离子双子表面活性剂在三次采油领域的应用提供必要的理论支撑与指导。     

异辛醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚表面活性研究

本文以异辛醇烷基链为疏水烷基,以不同链长聚氧乙烯(EO)为亲水头基,插入不同链长的聚氧丙烯(PO)作为连接基团,制备了异辛醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚(i-C_8PO_mEO_n),并研究了该系列表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:i-C_8PO_mEO_n系列表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和表面张力均低于常规SDS,其中cmc要低1个数量级,而表面张力下降了10 m N/m;固定聚氧丙烯基团数,增加聚氧乙烯基团数有利于提升表面活性,cmc下降,降低表面张力的效率提升;当聚氧乙烯数较小(n=3)时,随聚氧丙烯基团数增加,表面活性剂胶束化能力增强;而当聚氧乙烯数较大(n=6或9)时,随环氧丙烷基团数增加,发生表面吸附的趋势更强;i-C8POmEOn系列表面活性剂的表面张力维持在29～30 m N/m附近,受PO、EO数的影响较小。     

阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用(Ⅰ)--表面活性

通过临界胶束浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γcmc)、表面吸附(Γ)、表面膜强度和表面润湿等,介绍了阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液的表面活性。阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液,消除了同电荷之间的斥力,形成了正、负电荷间的引力,十分有利于两种表面活性剂离子间的缔合,同时还增加了疏水性。因此,在适宜条件下,可以使胶团更容易形成,表面(或界面)上吸附量增加,使得复配溶液具有很低的表面和界面张力,提高表面活性。不仅等摩尔比的混合溶液的cmc和γcmc显著下降,非等摩尔混合也使cmc减小、γcmc降低。等摩尔混合溶液表面吸附层分子摩尔比近于1∶1,其他不同比例时,表(界)面层摩尔比在大多数情形中仍接近1∶1。吸咐层呈等比组成时达到最大电性吸引,表(界)面吸附量趋于饱和。与此同时,由于吸附层中分子间静电吸引力的较强相互作用,还使得表面膜机械强度增加,并表现出良好的润湿性能。     

系列磺基甜菜碱的合成及表面性能的研究

以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺、酰氯和丙磺内酯为原料,合成了系列磺基甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂;并通过红外光谱对目标产物进行了结构表征,结果表明产物的分子结构与设计的分子结构相符。采用滴体积法对两型表面活性剂的表面性能进行了测定;其中SB9-coo-2-3的临界胶束浓度（cmc）为23.550×10-4mol.L-1,cmc为31.006mN.m-1;SB11-coo-2-3的cmc为9.908×10-4mol.L-1,cmc为27.669mN.m-1;SB13-coo-2-3的cmc为1.968×10-4mol.L-1,cmc为24.932mN.m-1。结果表明,随着烷基链长的增加,系列磺基甜菜碱cmc呈指数下降,cmc逐渐下降,表面活性逐渐增加。     

一种高分子两性含氟表面活性剂的合成及其溶液性质

以甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)、丙烯酸(AA)、氯丙烯(AC)、三甲胺(TMA)为原料,合成了一种高分子两性含氟表面活性剂,通过红外光谱对该表面活性剂进行了结构表征.测试了该两性含氟表面活性剂的溶液性质,结果表明,该表面活性剂水溶液的等电点为pH 4.5～7.5、cmc为4.0×10-2g/L、γcmc为59.1 mN/m、泡沫稳定性为0.89.两性含氟表面活性剂含强碱性N原子,pH对表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度有一定影响,但对泡沫性能影响不大.     

甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂在高温高矿化度油藏条件下砂岩表面的吸附规律

利用紫外分光光度法测定了甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在3种不同砂岩表面的吸附量,研究了甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在胜利油藏环境下的吸附等温线,分别从吸附热力学和吸附动力学角度考察了两性离子表面活性剂在砂岩表面上的吸附规律,并对两性离子表面活性剂在石英砂、净砂、油砂表面吸附规律进行对比。结果表明,甜菜碱型两性离子表面活性剂在砂岩表面吸附符合Langmuir吸附规律,在石英砂上的吸附量最多,净砂次之,在油砂上的吸附量最少。温度由60～70℃的焓变小于温度为70～80℃的焓变,随温度升高影响趋势逐渐变小。Elovich方程能更好的描述吸附量随时间的变化关系。     

N-(3-二甲氨基)丙基全氟烷基磺酰胺盐酸盐的表面活性

全氟烷基磺酰氟与3-二甲氨基丙胺的缩合产物用盐酸酸化制备了具有不同长度全氟烷基的阳离子氟表面活性剂(CnF2n+1SO2NH(CH2)3NH(CH3)2+Cl-,n=4,6,8,简称PFB-MC,PFH-MC和PFO-MC).用滴体积法测定了pH=2.6～2.7时该类表面活性剂单体系及加盐(0.1 mol·L-1 NaCl)后的表面张力.随着氟碳链长增加,临界胶束浓度(cmc)减小,但表面饱和吸附量降低(单分子极限吸附面积增大);单体系最低表面张力(γcmc)PFH-MC最小(15.02 mN·m-1),明显低于PFB-MC,而PFO-MC与PFH-MC的γcmc相比反略有上升.外加盐能降低体系的cmc,但由于过量盐酸的存在对γcmc无明显影响.研究了表面活性剂在cmc前后的表面张力随pH的变化,发现酸度增强到一定值后表面张力急剧下降.结果表明该系列表面活性剂适用于强酸性环境、抗盐且具有极高的表面活性.     

氧化煤对CTAB的吸附性能及表面润湿性改性

为研究表面活性剂在氧化煤表面的吸附特性及其对煤表面润湿性的影响,系统考察了溶液温度、初始浓度、溶液pH值和吸附时间对阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在氧化煤表面吸附量的影响,研究了吸附CTAB对氧化煤表面润湿性改性的影响.结果表明,提高温度,增大CTAB溶液初始浓度,会增加CTAB在氧化煤表面的吸附量,CTAB溶液pH值在5~7之间时,有利于CTAB与煤吸附过程的进行;氧化煤表面极性含氧官能团的增加明显有利于CTAB在煤表面的吸附.氧化煤吸附CTAB后,接触角随时间变化由急剧减小变为略有下降,平衡接触角由0°变为70°,水分复吸率下降,其表面润湿性发生了明显的由亲水性向疏水性的反转.     

氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的合成及性能分析

文章主要是分析氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的合成以及性能。氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂主要是分成四类。借助脂肪胺的作用,和磺内酯等磺化剂发生烷基化反应,合成氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂。文章将阐释氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的性能,并探究氨基磺酸型两性表面活性剂的研究方向。     

氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的合成进展

氨基酸型两性表面活性剂是一类以生物物质为基础的环保表面活性剂。主要综述了两种羧酸基氨基酸型两性表面活性剂（N-烷基-β-丙氨酸和N-酰基氨基酸）的合成方法和合成进展,简述了磺基、硫酸基、磷酸基及其它氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的合成路线。指出环境友好的酶法和化学一酶法合成氨基酸型两性表面活性剂具有广阔的应用前景。     

Adsorption of Anionic Surfactant Mixtures by Polymeric Resins

Abstract

Results concerning the single-solute adsorption of two anionic surfactants were presented in a previous paper; this paper deals with their mixtures. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of mixtures of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate in aqueous solution by Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 polymeric resins at 10 and 30°C have been obtained and are compared to the predictions given by several multicomponent adsorption models that make use of the single solute adsorption data already available. Reasonable agreement has been achieved in some cases, especially when predicting total surfactant adsorption.     

两性表面活性剂（八）——两性表面活性剂的合成

较为详细地介绍了烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰胺基甜菜碱、磺基甜菜碱及其他若干种甜菜碱型表面活性剂的合成,并比较了其中一些合成路线,特别是磺基甜菜碱的几种合成方法。对咪唑啉中间体、两性咪唑啉合成中的主要副产物及两性咪唑啉的开环结构进行了报道。对氨基酸型两性表面活性剂的原料胺、长链烷基氨基酸及烷基低聚氨基酸的合成方法也进行了讨论。     

利用咪唑啉两性表面活性剂在水相中剥离类水滑石的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了咪唑啉两性表面活性剂插层的镁铝类水滑石(MgAl-LDHs),再将插层的MgAl-LDHs置于pH=2的水溶液中,使层间呈现阴离子特性的两性表面活性剂转变为阳离子特性,进而通过静电排斥机理,在水相中成功实现MgAl-LDHs层板的剥离。采用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、热重和差示扫描量热分析、透射电子显微镜等技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,不同分子长度的咪唑啉两性表面活性剂均成功嵌入到MgAl-LDHs层间,且层间距不同。经过插层的MgAl-LDHs能成功剥离,XRD和TEM证实了MgAl-LDHs的分层,同时丁达尔效应证实了胶体的存在。     

Long chain carboxylic acids containing ether linkage: V. N-methyl substituted glycine-type amphoterics containing alkoxy radical

The substituted glycine-type amphoteric surfactants containing long chain alkoxy and methylated amino groups, such as N-(2-alkoxyethyl)methylaminoacetic acids and (N-[2-alkoxyethyl]-N-[carboxymethyl] dimethylammonium) chlorides, or N-(N-[2-alkoxyethyl]-2-aminoethyl) aminoacetic acids were synthesized, and their growth inhibitory activities against g positive, g negative bacilli, and some fungi were studied. The effect of substitution of methyl groups upon the amino group of the long chain alkoxyaminoacetic acids on their antimicrobial activities was examined, and the increasing effect, due to methyl substitution, was confirmed. The introduction of an aminoethyl radical between the alkoxyethyl and amino radicals of the substituted glycines also increased their antimicrobial activities. Dimethylsubstituted betain-type amphoterics showed less antimicrobial activities than the corresponding glycinetype amphoterics. Moreover, aqueous solution of these substituted glycine-type amphoteric compounds showed better surface activities at pH 4.0, 10.0 than at neutral pH.     

Properties of aqueous solution of a fluorocarbon surfactant and a nonionic surfactant,and their mixtures

The surface tensions of aqueous solutions of lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (LiFOS) and hexaethyleneglycoln-dodecylether (6ED), and of their mixtures, were measured. The effect of each surfactant additives on the adsorption and the micelle formation was discussed on the basis of the surface tension values using the Langmuir adsorption equation for the mixture of both surfactants and the modified Szyszkowski equation. From these results, in the range of low concentrations of 6ED or LiFOS, some of the 6ED molecules which had already adsorbed on the solution surface were found to be replaced by LiFOS molecules in an addition of LiFOS surfactant and vice-versa. In the ranges of higher concentration above critical micelle concentration (CMC) of each surfactant, it was concluded that the mixed micelle could be formed in the mixed system of both surfactants as well as in the mixed system of two kinds of ordinary hydrocarbon surfactants.     

国内外强化采油用表面活性剂研究进展

中国石油对外依存度持续上升,而采收率持续下降。中国剩余石油储量中大部分为高温高盐、低渗透、稠油油藏等难以开采的苛刻油藏。化学驱强化采油技术目前所使用的石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等常规表面活性剂由于活性低、耐盐性差而导致低效甚至无效。综述了新型表面活性剂,如阴-非离子表面活性剂、双子及寡聚表面活性剂、甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、烷基糖苷表面活性剂、黏弹性表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂、阴阳离子混合表面活性剂等的研究进展。讨论了国内外强化采油用表面活性剂评价方法的差异。最后,对采油用表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

Lipopeptidic surfactants. II. Acidic and basic Nα-lauroyl-L-arginine dipeptides from pure amino acids

In this paper, the second part of a systematic study whose aim deals with the influence of the terminal amino acid side chain on the properties of Nα-lauroyl arginyl dipeptides is reported. Nα-lauroyl arginyl dipeptides that contain an acidic amino acid (glutamic acid) or a basic amino acid (lysine) as terminal amino acid have been prepared by peptide synthesis methods. These compounds have been synthesized as methyl esters (cationic surfactants) and free α-carboxylic acids (amphoteric surfactants), and their fundamental surfactant properties and antimicrobial activity have been evaluated. The properties of these compounds have been compared to the properties of the cationic monomer derivative methyl ester of Nα-lauroyl arginine and of the amphoteric monomer derivative Nα-lauroyl arginine reported earlier. The compounds are soluble in water and show surface activity, although in the case of the amphoteric Nα-lauroyl arginyl dipeptide containing glutamic acid these two properties depend on the solution pH. The cationic Nα-lauroyl arginyl dipeptides are antimicrobial agents. However, only the amphoteric compound containing lysine may be considered antimicrobial.     

GSS362/TX-100复配体系在水中的溶液行为研究

研究了1,3-丙二醇双子琥珀酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(GSS362)和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-100)复配物在水中的表面性质和胶束化行为,并对理想混合临界胶束浓度以及混合体系中各组分在表面吸附层和胶束中的组成、相互作用参数和热力学参数进行分析计算。结果表明,复配物在水溶液中不存在协同效应,但是TX-100的加入明显降低了GSS362的临界胶束浓度,混合胶束的形成为自发过程,胶束中GSS362与TX-100分子具有较弱的相互作用,胶束中富含非离子表面活性剂TX-100。     

The Tail Effect of Some Prepared Cationic Surfactants on Silver Nanoparticle Preparation and Their Surface,Thermodynamic Parameters,and Antimicrobial Activity

The surface parameters of some cationic surfactants having different hydrophobic alkyl chains were assessed in aqueous solution using different techniques; surface tension, ultraviolet-Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The obtained critical micelle concentration (CMC) for N-(2-((3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium bromide (DBAO), N-(2-((3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyldodectan-1-aminium bromide (DBAD), and N-(2-((3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)amino)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylhexadectan-1-aminium bromide (DBAH) in aqueous solution using three techniques are nearly the same. Increasing the hydrophobic chain length enhances micelle formation. Raising the solution temperature from 25 to 65 °C also shows the same trend. The thermodynamic calculations outlined the adsorption propensity of the surfactants at the surface compared to their affinity to form micelles. Both micellization and adsorption processes are enhanced with both the hydrocarbon elongation and with raising the solution temperature. The effect of the surfactant tail on the preparation process of the silver nanoparticles (AgNP) was assessed and confirmed using transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV–Vis spectra. Increasing the surfactant tail leads to a smaller particle size with a narrow distribution. The stability of the prepared AgNP is enhanced with hydrophobic surfactant tail elongation as proved with increasing the zeta-potential of the prepared AgNP colloid. The foaming power, interfacial tension, and emulsification stability of the DBAO, DBAD, and DBAH surfactants were determined. The DBAO, DBAD, and DBAH surfactants showed good antimicrobial activities against both bacteria (Gram positive and negative) and fungi, which have been enhanced because of incorporation of AgNP.