SrBi_4Ti_4O_(15)陶瓷薄膜的铁电性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CaxSr1-xBi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷薄膜,并研究了Ca掺杂量、退火温度以及保温时间对SrBi4Ti4O15陶瓷薄膜铁电性能的影响。研究结果表明,当Ca掺杂含量为0.4%,退火温度为750℃,保温时间为5 min时,样品的铁电性能最好。     

La/Nb掺杂对Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)薄膜铁电性能和疲劳特性的影响

采用溶胶–凝胶工艺(sol–gel)在Pt/Ti/SiO2/p-Si衬底上分别制备Bi4–xLaxTi3O12和Bi4Ti3–yNbyO12铁电薄膜,研究La/Nb掺杂对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜铁电性能和疲劳特性的影响。结果表明:La/Nb掺杂均能有效改善Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的铁电性能和疲劳特性。当La摩尔(下同)掺量在0.5～0.75时,La掺杂对Bi4Ti3O12薄膜的性能改善作用最好,而且在明显提高薄膜铁电性能的同时,对薄膜疲劳特性的改善更加显著,薄膜经1010极化反转后,其剩余极化强度(Pr)仅下降5.1%。Nb掺杂对提高薄膜铁电性能的作用更加明显,Nb掺量为0.06时,Bi4Ti3–yNbyO12薄膜的Pr高达18.7μC/cm2,但Nb掺量不宜过多,当Nb掺量超过0.06以后,薄膜的铁电性能和疲劳特性均反而有所下降。     

热处理工艺对钙锶铋钛铁电薄膜性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法和快速退火技术在带白金电极和钛过渡层的硅片(Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si)上制备了钙锶铋钛(Ca0.4Sr0.6Bi4Ti4O15,CsBT-0.4)铁电薄膜.结果表明:退火温度及保温时间对CSBT-0.4铁电薄膜的微观结构、晶粒取向以及铁电性能的影响较大.x射线衍射谱表明:退火温度为750℃、保温时间为5min,得到的CsBT-0.4铁电薄膜样品的晶粒大小较均匀且致密性好,而且晶粒以a轴取向的球状晶粒为主,剩余极化强度(2Pr)和矫顽场(2Ec)分别为16.2 μC/cm2和130kV/cm.     

无铅压电陶瓷SrBi4Ti4O15的制备工艺与性能研究

研究了SrBi Ti O 无铅压电陶瓷的制备工艺,确定 900℃为合成温度,在 1100℃烧结。对烧结后的 4 4 15样品进行性能测试,SrBi Ti O 无铅压电陶瓷的压电常数为10Pc/N,需要有一些制备方法来提高其在某一方向的 44 1 5压电性能。     

Ca含量对Sr_(1-x)Ca_xBi_2Nb_2O_9无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能的影响研究

采用传统固相法成功制备了Sr1-xCaxBi2Nb2O9(SCBN,x=0～0.2mol)无铅压电陶瓷,采用XRD,SEM,HP4294A等测试分析手段研究了陶瓷的晶体结构,介电、压电和铁电性能,结果表明:随着Ca取代量的增加,晶格常数逐渐减小,介电常数、压电常数以及材料的矫顽电场和剩余极化强度均有所降低,而居里温度先增大后减小,在x=0.15时,居里温度达到最大值Tc=508℃,高于纯SrBi2Nb2O9陶瓷的居里温度。     

SrBi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷的制备工艺研究

研究了固相反应合成SrBi4Ti4O15粉末的反应过程及不同预烧温度对SrBi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷物相结构的影响。对不同工艺条件对SrBi4Ti4O15铁电陶瓷相对密度的影响进行了讨论，确定最佳工艺条件，预烧温度900℃，烧结温度为1100℃(Al2O3埋烧)。     

硅基铌掺杂Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)薄膜溶胶-凝胶工艺的制备及铁电性改善研究

采用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-Gel)法制备了铌元素(Nb)取代Ti元素的Bi4Ti3O12(BTN)铁电薄膜,研究不同掺杂浓度,不同退火温度等工艺对BTN薄膜的微观特性及剩余极化强度、矫顽场等电性能的影响。研究表明,650℃进行退火的BTN薄膜生长形态,晶粒开始呈棒状生长;当温度高于850℃时,薄膜的c轴生长取向增长趋势不再明显。铁电性方面,对Ti进行2%掺杂取代的BTN薄膜的铁电性能最佳。从而获得了BTN薄膜制备的合理工艺参数。     

Li_(1-x)Bi_(4+x)Ti_4O_(15)薄膜制备与表征

在LiNO_3/SiO_2/Si基板上制备了Li_(1-x)Bi_(4+x)Ti_4O_(15)系列薄膜(x=0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6),并系统分析了这些薄膜的微观结构以及铁电、介电及漏电等电学特性。研究结果表明,在氮气气氛中以600℃持温30 min制备的单一相薄膜中Li0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15薄膜的结晶效果最好,且在其表面可成长出独立晶粒分布状态;x为0.5时薄膜的剩余极化强度2Pr=53.5μC/cm2、矫顽场2Ec=144.2 k V/cm,此时薄膜的铁电性能相对最佳;该系列薄膜的介电常数介于37~100,介电损失相对偏高,介于0.7~1.0;所有薄膜的漏电流均随外加电压的增加而逐渐增大,其中Li0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15薄膜漏电流最小,外加电压为10 V时其值约为3.88×10-6A。     

铈和锶复合掺杂对Bi_4Ti_(2.92)Nb_(0.08)O_(12.04)高温无铅压电陶瓷的影响

采用固相法制备了Ce和Sr复合掺杂的Bi4Ti2.92Nb0.08O12.04(BTN+0.5x%CeO2+0.5x%SrCO3,0≤x≤1.5,质量分数)铋层状高温无铅压电陶瓷,研究了不同含量的Ce和Sr掺杂对BTN系陶瓷微观结构及电性能的影响。结果表明:样品均为单一的铋层状结构相,Ce和Sr的引入明显提高了陶瓷的压电性能。当掺杂量x=0.9时,样品具有最佳性能:压电常数d33=29pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=8.77%,介电损耗tanδ=0.13%,剩余极化强度Pr=15.87μC·cm-2和Curie温度TC=627℃。此外,该组分陶瓷样品具有良好的压电稳定性,表明该材料在高温领域下具有良好的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备掺钙钛酸锶铋铁电薄膜

利用溶胶-凝胶法在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si衬底上制备了CaxSr1-xBi4Ti4O15(CxS1-xBT,x=0～1)铁电薄膜.研究了不同Ca2取代量对薄膜的微观结构、取向生长、铁电性能以及介电性能的影响.结果表明:当Ca2 取代量为x=0.4时,C0.4S0.6BT铁电薄膜样品在一定程度上沿a轴择优取向;样品致密性较好,晶粒呈球型,且大小均匀,尺寸约为100nm.C0.4S0.6BT薄膜的剩余极化强度为8.37μC/cm2,矫顽场强为72kWcm;在1 Hz～1 MHz频率范围内,相对介电常数为234～219,介电损耗为0.009～0.073.     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。