硅烷偶联剂对纳米氧化锌的表面改性研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米ZnO进行表面改性,研究了硅烷偶联剂用量、pH值、时间及反应温度等因素对纳米ZnO表面改性的影响,利用亲油化度实验、红外光谱(IR)、热重(TG)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段表征了纳米ZnO的改性效果和结构。红外光谱和热重研究表明,KH-570以化学键合的方式结合在纳米ZnO的表面,并形成了有机包覆层。经测量,纳米ZnO表面的KH-570的质量分数为4.6%;讨论了产生KH-570理论包覆量与实际包覆量差异的原因。TEM图表明经KH-570改性过的纳米ZnO的分散性大大提高;亲油化度实验表明,当硅烷偶联剂用量为6%,pH值为6.5,反应温度为85℃,反应2 h时,纳米ZnO改性效果最好。     

紫外屏蔽剂氧化锌表面改性的实验研究

实验采用硬脂酸对紫外屏蔽剂氧化锌进行湿法表面改性研究,考察了浆量浓度、改性剂用量、改性时间和改性温度对粉体改性效果的影响,通过对改性前后氧化锌粉体亲油化度、沉降速率以及320nm处紫外透光率等性能测试,从而确定最佳改性条件。研究结果表明,最佳的改性工艺条件为：浆量浓度为7％,改性剂用量为4％,改性温度为85℃,改性时间为0．5h。由红外光谱分析可知,硬脂酸与氧化锌之间属于化学吸附。     

不规则形貌纳米氧化锌的改性及表征

采用铝酸酯偶联剂对平均粒径为60nm形貌不规则的纳米氧化锌进行表面改性,用亲油化度表征改性效果。实验结果表明：最佳改性条件是铝酸酯用量为10％,温度为100℃,反应时间为120min,亲油化度可达到65.22％。通过TEM表征,改性后粉体团聚有明显改善。     

H2O2改性稻杆作为Pb2+吸附剂的工艺优化

H₂O₂改性稻杆作为Pb²⁺吸附剂，具有改性工艺环保、简单、成本低，以及对Pb²⁺吸附率高等特点，是一种优良的改性剂。优化改性工艺，制备优良吸附性能的H₂O₂改性稻杆具有较强的实用价值。详细探讨了改性工艺的影响因素如pH值、H₂O₂用量、Fe²⁺/H₂O₂物质的量之比、改性温度、改性时间、稻杆颗粒度和稻杆用量等对改性效果的影响，在单因素实验的基础上，通过正交实验和对比实验对改性工艺进行了进一步优化。得出最适宜的改性工艺为：在100 mL的溶液中，不加FeSO₄的情况下，稻杆用量为3 g，改性pH值为8，H₂O₂用量为稻秆用量的30%，稻杆颗粒度为40目，改性温度为20℃，改性时间为4 h。用2 g H₂O₂改性稻秆处理100 mL 200 mg/L的Pb²⁺废水时，对Pb²⁺的吸附率为94.45%，吸附容量为9.445 mg/g，表明H₂O₂改性稻秆具有优良的吸附性能。     

CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物的制备及表征

采用水热合成法通过调变Ce、Ti物质的量比、尿素添加量制备了一系列不同形貌的CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物。运用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物的结构和形貌进行了表征。SEM结果表明，尿素添加量对CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物的形貌没有明显影响，而Ce、Ti物质的量比对CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物的形貌影响显著。当尿素的添加量在0.1～0.6 mol之间变化时，制得的CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物主要为颗粒状；当Ce、Ti物质的量比低于4∶1时，样品主要为均匀的小颗粒，随着Ti含量的增大，制得的CeO₂-TiO₂复合氧化物为粒度和形貌更为均匀的小球。     

月桂酸有机化改性纳米二氧化钛工艺研究

文章采用月桂酸作为改性剂对纳米二氧化钛粉体进行了有机表面改性。研究了在改性过程中,改性剂用量、改性时间、改性温度、溶液的pH对二氧化钛粉体表面改性的影响,通过对比试验,并对每组实验做了亲油化度的测定。实验结果表明,工艺条件为:改性剂用量5%、改性时间1.5小时、改性温度80℃、溶液的pH=5时,可以获得较好的改性效果。最后对改性前后的纳米二氧化钛作了红外光谱(IR)和热重分析(TGA)测试,证明了月桂酸有机化改性纳米二氧化钛的可行性。     

非晶态TiO2-SiO2复合氧化物合成及其汽油氧化脱硫性能

采用沉淀法制备不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物,并用XRD、FT-IR、UV-VIS及TEM对样品进行表征,结果表明,TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物为非晶态结构。以过氧化氢-乙酸作为氧化体系,TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物为催化剂,考察TiO₂含量、反应温度、反应时间、过氧化氢用量和催化剂用量对汽油催化氧化脱硫效果的影响。结果表明,TiO₂质量分数为40%的TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物催化汽油氧化脱硫效果最好,在汽油用量10 g、冰醋酸用量0.5 mL、30%过氧化氢用量0.6 mL、催化剂用量为汽油质量的4%、反应时间60 min和反应温度40 ℃最佳条件下,汽油脱硫率为78%。     

钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米TiO_2的表面改性及对其改性性能的影响

作者利用亲油化度测试筛选出钛酸酯偶联剂TC-201为纳米TiO2的表面改性剂。研究偶联剂用量、改性时间、改性温度、pH值对纳米TiO2分散时间的影响。采用FTIR、TEM手段表征了纳米TiO2的改性效果。实验结果表明TC-201以化学键形式与纳米TiO2表面羟基结合。当钛酸酯偶联剂w(TC-201)=3.5%,改性时间约60min,改性温度约46℃,pH=5.2时,TiO2的分散时间最长达115h,故改性效果最好。     

纳米CaCO3的表面改性研究

本文研究了纳米CaCO3表面改性的影响因素，确定了最优改性剂和改性条件，并运用沉降实验、透射电镜（TEM）等表征手段对粉体的改性效果进行了分析。结果表明：以月桂酸钠为改性剂，用量为10％，pH值为7，改性时间为1h时，改性后的纳米CaCO3的亲油化度达到85．1％，能较好地分散于环己烷和二甲苯中。     

正十二醇表面改性四氯化硅沉淀法白炭黑研究

研究了正十二醇作为改性剂对四氯化硅沉淀白炭黑进行表面改性,讨论了改性温度、改性时间和改性剂用量等因素对改性效果的影响,用极差分析及方差分析得出最优工艺条件为:改性温度90℃,改性时间50 min,正十二醇用量25 m L,在此条件下白炭黑改性后的亲油化度值达到51.97%,具有较好的疏水性,通过红外光谱分析知道改性白炭黑表面接枝上了正十二醇的烷基,表明正十二醇改性沉淀白炭黑是有效的。     

Co3O4/CeO2 composite oxides for methane emissions abatement: Relationship between Co3O4–CeO2 interaction and catalytic activity

Co₃O₄/CeO₂ composite oxides with different cobalt loading (5, 15, 30, 50, 70 wt.% as Co₃O₄) were prepared by co-precipitation method and investigated for the oxidation of methane under stoichiometric conditions. Pure oxides, Co₃O₄ and CeO₂ were used as reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, temperature programmed reduction/oxidation (TPR/TPO) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were carried out.

An improvement of the catalytic activity and thermal stability of the composite oxides was observed with respect to pure Co₃O₄ in correspondence of Co₃O₄–CeO₂ containing 30% by weight of Co₃O₄. The combined effect of cobalt oxide and ceria, at this composition, strongly influences the morphological and redox properties of the composite oxides, by dispersing the Co₃O₄ phase and promoting the efficiency of the Co³⁺–Co²⁺ redox couple. The presence in the sample Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ of a high relative amount of Ce³⁺/(Ce⁴⁺ + Ce³⁺) as detected by XPS confirms the enhanced oxygen mobility.

The catalysts stability under reaction conditions was investigated by XRD and XPS analysis of the used samples, paying particular attention to the Co₃O₄ phase decomposition. Methane oxidation tests were performed over fresh (as prepared) and thermal aged samples (after ageing at 750 °C for 7 h, in furnace). The resistance to water vapour poisoning was evaluated for pure Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂, performing the tests in the presence of 5 vol.% H₂O. A methane oxidation test upon hydrothermal ageing (flowing at 600 °C for 16 h a mixture 5 vol.% H₂O + 5 vol.%O₂ in He) of the Co₃O₄(30 wt.%)–CeO₂ sample was also performed. All the results confirm the superiority of this composite oxide.     

改性氧化铈/钨酸镍环氧防腐涂层的制备及性能

采用水热法制备出不同质量比的氧化铈/钨酸镍(CeO₂/NiWO₄)的复合粒子,再选用硅烷偶联剂KH560对其进行改性,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了复合粒子的结构与形貌。将改性的复合粒子分散于环氧树脂（EP）中,然后喷涂在碳钢基体上制备CeO₂/NiWO₄/EP复合涂层,利用电化学交流阻抗（EIS）、加速浸泡实验和摩擦磨损试验（Taber）测试涂层的防腐与摩擦性能。结果表明：添加CeO₂/NiWO₄复合粒子的环氧树脂涂层的防腐耐磨性能大幅度提高,而且当复合粒子中CeO₂与NiWO₄的质量比为4∶3时,涂层防腐耐磨性能最好,该复合环氧涂层在3.5%NaCl水溶液中浸泡后期(45天)仍保持较高的阻抗模量(7.36×10⁸ Ω/cm²),比纯环氧树脂涂层高一个数量级。同时,经过10000转摩擦磨损后,此复合涂层的质量损失较纯环氧涂层减少56%,厚度损失量仅为CeO₂/EP的50%,表现出最优异的防腐耐磨性能。     

金属氧化物掺杂高岭土纳米 二氧化钛光催化复合材料研究

以高岭石为载体,以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备金属氧化物掺杂高岭土纳米二氧化钛光催化复合材料。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和拉曼光谱（Raman）对复合材料进行表征,并通过在紫外光下降解云母珠光工业废水来考察其光催化性能。研究了不同金属氧化物掺杂浓度对复合材料光催化活性的影响。实验结果表明：金属氧化物三氧化二铁、氧化锌掺杂使锐钛矿二氧化钛晶相特征衍射峰宽化,掺杂生成钛铁矿、红锌矿新相,影响锐钛矿二氧化钛结晶度。在紫外光下降解6 h,掺杂质量分数为0.5%的三氧化二铁对废水降解率为98.8%,掺杂质量分数为1.5%的氧化锌对其降解率为91.4%。     

Catalytic performance of Co3O4/CeO2 and Co3O4/CeO2–ZrO2 composite oxides for methane combustion: Influence of catalyst pretreatment temperature and oxygen concentration in the reaction mixture

The influence of catalyst pre-treatment temperature (650 and 750 °C) and oxygen concentration (λ = 8 and 1) on the light-off temperature of methane combustion has been investigated over two composite oxides, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ containing 30 wt.% of Co₃O₄. The catalytic materials prepared by the co-precipitation method were calcined at 650 °C for 5 h (fresh samples); a portion of them was further treated at 750 °C for 7 h, in a furnace in static air (aged samples).

Tests of methane combustion were carried out on fresh and aged catalysts at two different WHSV values (12 000 and 60 000 mL g⁻¹ h⁻¹). The catalytic performance of Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ were compared with those of two pure Co₃O₄ oxides, a sample obtained by the precipitation method and a commercial reference. Characterization studies by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) show that the catalytic activity is related to the dispersion of crystalline phases, Co₃O₄/CeO₂ and Co₃O₄/CeO₂–ZrO₂ as well as to their reducibility. Particular attention was paid to the thermal stability of the Co₃O₄ phase in the temperature range of 750–800 °C, in both static (in a furnace) and dynamic conditions (continuous flow). The results indicate that the thermal stability of the phase Co₃O₄ heated up to 800 °C depends on the size of the cobalt oxide crystallites (fresh or aged samples) and on the oxygen content (excess λ = 8, stoichiometric λ = 1) in the reaction mixture. A stabilizing effect due to the presence of ceria or ceria–zirconia against Co₃O₄ decomposition into CoO was observed.

Moreover, the role of ceria and ceria–zirconia is to maintain a good combustion activity of the cobalt composite oxides by dispersing the active phase Co₃O₄ and by promoting the reduction at low temperature.     

Preparation and characterization of LaFe1−xMgxO3/Al2O3/FeCrAl: Catalytic properties in methane combustion

MnO_x–CeO₂ mixed oxides prepared by sol–gel method, coprecipitation method and modified coprecipitation method were investigated for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde. Structure analysis by H₂-TPR and XPS revealed that there were more Mn⁴⁺ species and richer lattice oxygen on the surface of the catalyst prepared by the modified coprecipitation method than those of the catalysts prepared by sol–gel and coprecipitation methods, resulting in much higher catalytic activity toward complete oxidation of formaldehyde. The effect of calcination temperature on the structural features and catalytic behavior of the MnO_x–CeO₂ mixed oxides prepared by the modified coprecipitation was further examined, and the catalyst calcined at 773 K showed 100% formaldehyde conversion at a temperature as low as 373 K. For the samples calcined below 773 K, no any diffraction peak corresponding to manganese oxides could be detected by XRD measurement due to the formation of MnO_x–CeO₂ solid solution. While the diffraction peaks corresponding to MnO₂ phase in the samples calcined above 773 K were clearly observed, indicating the occurrence of phase segregation between MnO₂ and CeO₂. Accordingly, it was supposed that the strong interaction between MnO_x and CeO₂, which depends on the preparation route and the calcination temperature, played a crucial role in determining the catalytic activity toward the complete oxidation of formaldehyde.     

二氧化铈掺杂中空碳纳米纤维的制备及电化学性能

以葡萄糖为碳源,硝酸铈为铈源,去离子水做溶剂合成前体,使用实验室自制阳极氧化铝模板（anodized aluminum oxide,AAO）作为硬模板,采用真空压力诱导技术将前体注入到AAO的纳米孔道内,热分解合成二氧化铈纳米粒子（CeO₂-NPs）掺杂的中空碳纳米纤维（CeO₂/HCFs）。使用拉曼光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对样品进行表征,结果表明,CeO₂/HCFs具有平均直径约为200nm的中空管状结构,具有较好的碳化程度,CeO₂-NPs均匀分布在HCFs中,其晶型为面心立方晶系。通过循环伏安法（CV）与安倍电流-时间法（I-t曲线）技术,研究了支持电解质的pH对检测结果的影响以及CeO₂/HCFs对抗坏血酸的电化学催化性能,实验结果表明支持电解质在pH=4.18时具有最稳定的检测电流,CeO₂/HCFs对抗坏血酸有较高的电化学活性,修饰电极的灵敏度为505.4μA/(cm²·mmol),检出限为0.55μmol/L,线性范围为2.5~8.4mmol/L,具有良好的选择性、稳定性和重现性。该方法快捷、灵敏、稳定、操作简便,具有较大的应用潜力。     

Pt/MnOx–CeO2 catalysts for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde at ambient temperature

MnO_x–CeO₂ mixed oxides with a Mn/(Mn + Ce) molar ratios of 0–1 were prepared by a modified coprecipitation method and investigated for the complete oxidation of formaldehyde. The MnO_x–CeO₂ with Mn/(Mn + Ce) molar ratio of 0.5 exhibited the highest catalytic activity among the MnO_x–CeO₂ mixed oxides. Structure analysis by X-ray powder diffraction and temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen revealed that the formation of MnO_x–CeO₂ solid solution greatly improved the low-temperature reducibility, resulting in a higher catalytic activity for the oxidation of formaldehyde. Promoting effect of Pt on the MnO_x–CeO₂ mixed oxide indicated that both the Pt precursors and the reduction temperature greatly affected the catalytic performance. Pt/MnO_x–CeO₂ catalyst prepared from chlorine-free precursor showed extremely high activity and stability after pretreatment with hydrogen at 473 K. 100% conversion of formaldehyde was achieved at ambient temperature and no deactivation was observed for 120 h time-on-stream. The promoting effect of Pt was ascribed to enhance the effective activation of oxygen molecule on the MnO_x–CeO₂ support.     

CO oxidation at low temperature over Pd supported on CeO2-TiO2 composite oxide

Low temperature CO oxidation was carried out over CeO₂-TiO₂ composite oxide and thereon supported Pd catalysts. The effects of Ce/Ti ratio and pre-treatments of calcination and reduction on the catalytic behaviour were investigated. The CO oxidation starts at about 220 °C over CeO₂-TiO₂ and the pre-reduction treatment has little influence on the catalytic activity. Pd supported on CeO₂-TiO₂ (Pd/CeO₂-TiO₂) exhibits high activity for CO oxidation and a complete conversion of CO to CO₂ can be achieved even at ambient temperature, which suggests a synergistic effect between Pd and CeO₂-TiO₂. The activity and stability of Pd/CeO₂-TiO₂ can be further improved by the pre-reduction treatment. Ce/Ti ratio influences the catalytic behaviour significantly; the catalyst Pd/CeO₂-TiO₂ with a Ce/Ti mole ratio of 0.20 (Pd/Ce20Ti) owns the highest activity and stability, which suggests an optimization of the Pd-Ce-Ti interaction in Pd/Ce20Ti. The calcined Pd/CeO₂-TiO₂ with a Ce/Ti mole ratio higher than 0.10 shows a distorted light-off profile with the temperature, which implies an alternation of the reaction mechanism with increasing temperature.     

TiO2、ZnO和TiO2/ZnO三种氧化物粉体材料的抗菌性能对比

氧化物具有化学性质稳定、原材料丰富易得的优点,其作为抗菌材料日益受到关注。对氧化物的抗菌性能及影响因素开展深入研究,能够为新型抗菌材料的开发提供科学依据。通过溶胶-凝胶法制备出了TiO₂/ZnO复合粉体,并将其与TiO₂、ZnO进行对比,分别对它们的晶相结构、微观形貌和粒径进行了表征。利用大肠杆菌ATCC25922作为受试菌株,通过抑菌环试验和菌液接触试验对3种氧化物粉体材料的抗菌性能进行测试。考察了钛锌比、光照等条件对抗菌效果的影响。结果表明,所使用的TiO₂主要由锐钛矿相和金红石相组成,ZnO主要为六方纤锌矿相,制备出的TiO₂/ZnO则主要是锐钛矿型TiO₂在六方纤锌矿型ZnO的孔隙间沉积而成,这3种粉体材料的粒径由大到小分别为TiO₂/ZnO、TiO₂和ZnO。从抑菌环和菌液接触试验的结果可以看出,ZnO粉体材料的抗菌效果明显优于TiO₂粉体材料,ZnO和TiO₂/ZnO在黑暗条件下仍有良好的抗菌性能,但在可见光照射条件下抗菌效果更佳。ZnO含量是TiO₂/ZnO复合材料抗菌性能的关键因素。制备TiO₂/ZnO粉体材料时的煅烧温度对其抗菌性能没有明显影响。     

氧化铁/石墨烯原位复合物对铬酸钾吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备Fe_3O_4磁性纳米颗粒以及通过原位生长法制备Fe_3O_4与氧化石墨烯的复合物,并加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成共价键交联反应化合物。采用X射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜表征样品的形貌与尺寸,并以铬酸钾为吸附对象,研究吸附温度、吸附时间和溶液p H值对Fe_3O_4吸附性能的影响。结果表明,椭圆形颗粒的Fe_3O_4尺寸约(10~15)nm,与氧化石墨烯复合后,分散性明显提高;在室温和p H=3.5条件下,以Fe_3O_4与氧化石墨烯的质量比2∶1复合物作为吸附剂对铬酸钾的吸附效果达到最佳,每克的吸附容量可达251 mg;复合物经过磁分离、反复吸附循环实验6次后,对铬酸钾的吸附率仅下降10个百分点。