ZnO微晶晶面与其光催化性能的关系(英文)

以Zn(CH3COO)2H2O和NaOH为原料,采用水热法制备ZnO微晶.通过改变水热反应时间制得了2种(O001)晶面显露情况不同的六方短柱状ZnO微晶.反应5 h时,得到(0001)晶面平滑完整的晶体;10h时,(0001)晶面被腐蚀凹陷.使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜分析物相组成和晶体显微形貌.并测试2种ZnO微晶的紫外光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能.结果直接证明:(0001)晶面对ZnO六方短柱状微晶光催化活性的高低起决定性作用,当(0001)晶面被溶蚀时,ZnO微晶无光催化降解性.     

管状ZnO的电化学法构筑及形成机理

采用两步电化学法分别在氧化铟锡(indium-tin oxide,ITO)玻璃基板和经缓冲层处理的ITO玻璃基板上制备ZnO微米管和纳米管。从Zn(NO3)2和六亚甲基四胺水溶液中阴极电沉积制备ZnO柱状晶体。用乙二胺水溶液进行电化学腐蚀。用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究产物的物相和形貌演变,初步探索管状结构的形成机理,结果表明:管状结构由柱状结构中心腐蚀而形成,由柱状演变为喇叭状,再到管状;腐蚀首先发生在亚稳态的(0001)面,主要沿c轴方向进行;同时,从缺陷浓度高的中心向缺陷浓度低的外围进行。退火实验验证了缺陷腐蚀机理。     

水热法制备的纳米氧化锌阵列及在棉织物上的应用

以硝酸锌和六亚甲基四胺为原料,采用低温水浴法在棉织物表面实现ZnO纳米棒阵列生长的控制,并探讨了反应物溶液的浓度、反应温度、反应时间对ZnO纳米棒阵列生长的影响,同时对所制备的样品进行了抗紫外、光催化等测试、表征及性能分析。结果表明:棉织物表面生长的ZnO纳米棒结构为六方纤锌矿晶体;在反应物溶液浓度为0.025 mol/L,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为3 h时,制备得到形貌规整和定向生长的ZnO纳米棒阵列,赋予棉织物良好的光催化、抗紫外、自清洁等性能。     

不同醇溶剂中氧化锌纳米晶的可控制备

采用液相直接沉淀法,以醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,在醇溶剂体系中成功制备出不同形貌的ZnO纳米晶,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等检测方法对样品进行表征.结果表明,制备的ZnO均为六方纤锌矿结构,形貌受到溶剂种类、反应温度和反应时间等因素影响;在乙醇溶剂中,通过反应温度和反应时间控制可得到分散均匀、形貌均一纳米颗粒或纳米棒,并对不同形貌ZnO的生长机理进行了初步讨论.     

ZnO作为锂离子电池负极材料的制备和电性能研究

采用水热法在95℃下通过硝酸锌和六次甲基四胺的反应制备了ZnO负极材料,考察了添加剂柠檬酸钠浓度和后续淬火温度对材料形貌、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,柠檬酸钠浓度为0、0.0035和0.1 mol/L时分别得到棒状、六方柱状和多孔微球状形貌,材料的晶化程度随柠檬酸钠浓度的降低而增加。恒流充放电测试表明,50次循环后,棒状、六方柱状和多孔微球状ZnO的容量分别为600、524和444 mAh/g。     

CTAB对溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO形貌的影响

以醋酸锌、草酸为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZnO。在反应体系中加入表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),成功制得短柱状及棒状结构的纳米ZnO。借助XRD和TEM对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,产物属于纤锌矿结构的六方相ZnO,并且,在棒状结构纳米ZnO的形成过程中CTAB起关键作用,改变反应体系中CTAB的加入量,可以实现纳米ZnO的形貌控制合成。讨论了棒状纳米ZnO可能的形成机理。     

不同醋酸锌浓度下的ZnO薄膜的结构和性能

利用溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉法在导电玻璃(ITO)基板上制备了氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等对ZnO薄膜的结构、形貌、以及光电性能进行了分析。结果表明,随着醋酸锌浓度的增加,薄膜由短柱状最终转化为无规则定位生长的聚集球形颗粒结构。随着醋酸锌浓度的升高,薄膜的结晶强度不断增加,薄膜的光电转化效率进一步增加。当醋酸锌浓度为0.9mol/L时,薄膜的光电转化效率为4.5%。     

氧化锌纳米晶的制备及表征研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法以醋酸锌、草酸为原料制备ZnO纳米晶,借助X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段进行了物相分析和微观形貌表征.结果 表明,制备ZnO纳米晶适宜工艺条件为:凝胶化温度80℃,凝胶化时长1.5h,焙烧温度600℃,焙烧时间3h.X射线衍射图表明ZnO纳米晶在(101)晶面出现取向生长....     

乙二胺对溶胶-凝胶法制纳米ZnO形貌的影响研究

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法,以醋酸锌、草酸为主要原料制备了纳米ZnO。通过在反应体系中加入有机物乙二胺制得棒状的纳米ZnO,并且通过XRD和TEM对产物的形貌进行了表征。结果表明所得产物属于纤锌矿结构的六方相ZnO,乙二胺对棒状纳米ZnO的形成起关键作用,乙二胺的加入量对棒状纳米ZnO的形貌也有一定的影响。并且简单讨论了棒状纳米ZnO的生长机理。     

ZnO纳米片生长过程的研究

本文研究了以碱式硫酸锌为前驱体,三聚磷酸钠为表面改性介质,水热法获得ZnO片状结构的形成机理以及工艺参数对ZnO晶体形貌的影响,运用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段对所得ZnO粉末进行表征,结果表明:磷酸根可以修饰ZnO晶体的生长形貌,限制沿c轴方向的快速生长,而向二维空间发展形成片状结构.改变三聚磷酸钠的浓度和水热溶液pH值,所得ZnO晶体的形貌发生变化,当三聚磷酸钠的浓度为0.1 mol/L,pH值为9～10时,180℃水热28 h可获得厚度小于50nm0的六角形片状ZnO晶体.     

Electrochemical performance and morphology evolution of nanosized ZnO as anode material of Ni-Zn batteries

Nanosized ZnO with prismatic form was prepared using homogeneous precipitation process and its electrochemical performance was investigated by the measurements of electrochemical cycle behaviors and passivation polarization curves. The discharge capacity delivered by nanosized ZnO still achieved about 600 mAh/g until the 250th cycle. Nanosized ZnO exhibited higher midpoint discharge voltage, better cycle stability and passivation toleration than commercial ZnO. Furthermore, nanosized ZnO showed the morphology evolution process differed slightly from that of the commercial ZnO, including morphology maintenance, orientation growth and the formation of Zn dendrites. The epitaxial growth, texture growth and crystal growth habit were put forward to illuminate the morphology evolution process.     

C2H2 gas sensor based on Ni-doped ZnO electrospun nanofibers

Pure and Ni-doped ZnO nanofibers were synthesized using the electrospinning method. The morphology, crystal structure and optical properties of the nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. It is found that Ni doping does not change the morphology and crystal structures of the nanofibers, and the ultraviolet emissions of ZnO nanofibers present red shift with increasing Ni doping concentration. C₂H₂ sensing properties of the sensors based on the nanofibers were investigated. The results show that the C₂H₂ sensing properties of ZnO nanofibers are effectively improved by Ni doping, and 5 at% Ni-doped ZnO nanofibers exhibit a maximum sensitivity to C₂H₂ gas.     

物理化学综合实验设计一纳米ZnO的制备、表征及光催化性能测试

分别采用水热和沉淀法制备ZnO光催化剂，利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其物相和外貌进行分析观测．了解表征手段所反映的材料的物质结构信息。通过降解亚甲基蓝实验比较不同制备条件下所得ZnO的光催化性能。了解催化剂制备方法对其晶相、形貌及催化性能的影响。     

Preparation and characterization of electrodeposited Ag-doped ZnO inverse opals with a smooth surface

Ag-doped ZnO inverse opal structures were prepared by electrochemical deposition using polystyrene colloidal crystal templates. The Ag-doped ZnO structures had granular morphology, but this morphology became smooth using a three-dimensional (3D) porous template in the same electrolyte. The Ag-doped ZnO structures were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the lattice parameter was found to increase compared with undoped ZnO as verified by X-ray diffraction. Strong reflection photonic stop bands centered at 495 and 681 nm were detected from inverse opals templated from microspheres having diameters of 285 and 370 nm. The filling ratio of Ag-doped ZnO inverse opals using the template was lower than that of the uniform film growth of undoped ZnO. Moreover, photochemical cell analysis revealed that doped ZnO inverse opals with n- and p-type conductivities were successfully formed using electrolytes with different silver ion concentrations.     

微波加热制备纳米ZnO粉体及其表征

以硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,三乙醇胺为表面活性剂,采用微波加热沸腾回流,在不同的反应条件下制备出了平均粒径为25～80nm的纳米级ZnO粉体。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及粒度分布仪等测试手段,对产品的物相、形貌和粒度分布进行了表征。实验结果表明,利用微波加热制备出的纳米ZnO粉体结晶性能良好,粒径大小均匀;三乙醇胺的加入,明显地改变了氧化锌的结晶行为,晶体形貌由原来的棒状变为准球形,粒径减小到纳米级。     

液晶分子超声模板法制备平行束状纳米ZnO晶须

用可以形成液晶的复合非离子型表面活性剂作为分子模板,通过超声溶胶法控制制备了平行束状纳米ZnO晶须,用TEM,X ray衍射,激光光散射,紫外-可见光谱仪对其进行了表征。所得氧化锌晶须的等效平均粒径为50nm,其特殊形态和结构使其在203nm到237nm波段产生特殊的紫外吸收,与压电高聚物复合所得的复合材料产生新的红外吸收峰。讨论了超声、反应物浓度、pH、掺杂等条件对粒子形态的影响。     

Humidity sensing properties of ZnO colloid crystals coated on quartz crystal microbalance by the self-assembly method

ZnO colloid crystals were coated on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) by the self-assembly method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the morphology and crystal structure of ZnO colloid crystals. The sensing behavior was examined by measuring the resonance frequency shifts of QCM. The device exhibits excellent humidity sensing properties in the whole humidity range from 11% to 95%, such as good linearity, fast response time and recovery time, excellent reliability, and long-term stability. We also discussed the adsorption and desorption of water molecules on ZnO colloid crystals at different humidity conditions.     

Facile solvothermal synthesis and polarity based tunable morphologies of ZnO nanocrystals

ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with rod, bullet and broom-like morphologies have been synthesized by the solvothermal method. Structural analysis revealed ZnO NPs to be of the single crystal wrutzite hexagonal structure. Their size and morphology were controlled by varying the polarity of solvents. The aspect ratio of ZnO NPs at the lower polarity was below 2, and their shape was like a bullet. When increasing the polarity of solvent, the aspect ratio also increases and the shape changes to a rod-like morphology. This process is very simple and scalable. In addition, it can be used for fundamental studies of the tunable morphology formation.     

MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料的研究

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-550修饰纳米ZnO,制备了MC尼龙6/纳米ZnO复合材料。力学性能测试表明,当纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的力学性能最优,拉伸强度比纯MC尼龙6提高25.6%,断裂伸长率提高165.6%,简支梁冲击强度提高70.1%,这说明纳米ZnO可起到同时增强增韧的作用。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时,纳米ZnO在MC尼龙6基体中分散最好,达到了纳米级分散;由X衍射分析发现,纳米ZnO没有改变MC尼龙6的结晶形态,纳米ZnO质量分数为1%时复合材料的结晶形态结构优越。     

Selective Growth of Vertical-aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Si Substrate by Catalyst-free Thermal Evaporation

By thermal evaporation of pure ZnO powders, high-density vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with diameter ranged in 80–250 nm were successfully synthesized on Si substrates covered with ZnO seed layers. It was revealed that the morphology, orientation, crystal, and optical quality of the ZnO nanorod arrays highly depend on the crystal quality of ZnO seed layers, which was confirmed by the characterizations of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. For ZnO seed layer with wurtzite structure, the ZnO nanorods grew exactly normal to the substrate with perfect wurtzite structure, strong near-band-edge emission, and neglectable deep-level emission. The nanorods synthesized on the polycrystalline ZnO seed layer presented random orientation, wide diameter, and weak deep-level emission. This article provides a C-free and Au-free method for large-scale synthesis of vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays by controlling the crystal quality of the seed layer.