某立式轴流泵 CFD 计算与模型试验性能比较分析

针对宣州区某立式轴流泵站水泵装置进行分析，验证水泵设计选型的科学性、合理性，尽量减少和避免如伴随冲击、二次流、汽蚀等有害物理现象，防止影响机组的安全运行。设计中采用 CFD 技术对立式轴流泵装置全流道进行了数值模拟计算，并针对进水流道、泵段、出水流道的内部流态进行了分析判断应用，从而得出立式轴流泵全工况外特性。结合水泵装置模型试验得到水泵试验外特性数据，对比试运行参数，验证了水泵基本性能。结果表明 CFD 计算能初步快速的判断避免不利流态，试运行的工况点水泵性能与 CFD 计算和模型试验结果较相近。因此，对大中型立式轴流泵站同时进行 CFD 计算和装置模型试验是必要的，均对水泵的性能可做出比较准确的判断。     

The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability

The numerical simulation of the axial flow impeller blood pump NIVADIII is carried out by using a CFD multiphase flow model. The hydrodynamic performance of the pump and the flow field in the pump are analyzed, and the shear stress distribution is obtained. A hemolytic prediction model based on the shear stress is built based on the calculation results, and it can be used for quantitative predictions of the hemolytic behavior of a blood pump. Hemolysis tests in vitro were performed 6 times with fresh bovine blood. At each time, the flow of the pump NIVADIII is 5 L/min and the outflow tract pressure is 100 mmHg. According to the tests, the plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) content and the hematocrit (HCT) are measured after 0 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, …4 s. At the end of each experiment Normal Index of Hemolysis (NIH) of NIVADIII is calculated. The average of NIH is 0.0055 g/100L, almost identical with that obtained from the hemolytic prediction model. This method can be applied in the selection stage of a blood pump.     

INTERNAL FLOW MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF LOW PRESSURE AXIAL FAN WITH FORWARD-SKEWED BLADES

This article presents the flow mechanism analysis and experimental study of a forward-skewed impeller and a radial impeller in low pressure axial fan. The forward-skewed blade was obtained by the optimization design of the radial blade and CFD technique. Measurement of the two blades was carried out in aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance. Compared to the radial blade, the forward-skewed blade has demonstrated the improvements in efficiency, total pressure ratio, Stable Operating Range （SOR） and less aerodynamic noise. Detailed flow measurement and computation were performed for outlet flow field for investigating the responsible flow mechanisms. The results show the forward-skewed blade can cause a spanwise redistribution of flow toward the blade mid-span and reduce tip loading. This results in reduced significantly total pressure loss near hub and shroud endwall region, despite the slight increase of total pressure loss at mid-span.     

RESEARCH OF INNER FLOW IN A DOUBLE BLADES PUMP BASED ON OPENFOAM

The inner flow analysis of centrifugal pumps has gradually become an important issue for the hydraulic design and performance improvement.Nowadays,CFD simulation toolbox of pump inner flow mainly contains commercial tools and open source tools.There are some defects for commercial CFD software for the numerical simulation of 3-D turbulent internal flow in pump,especially in capturing the flow characteristics under the off-design operating conditions.Additionally,it is difficult for researchers to do further investigation because of the undeclared source.Therefore,an open source software like Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) is increasingly popular with researchers from all over the world.In this paper,a new computational study was implemented based on the original solver and was used to directly simulate the steady-state inner flow in a double blades pump,with the specific speed is 111.In order to disclose the characteristics deeply,three research schemes were conducted.The ratios () of the flow rate are 0.8,1.0 and 1.2,respectively.The simulation results were verified with the Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) experimental results,and the numerical calculation results agree well with the experimental data.Meanwhile,the phenomena of flow separation under the off-design operating conditions are well captured by OpenFOAM.The results indicate that OpenFOAM possesses obvious strong predominance in computing the internal flow field of pump.The analysis results can also be used as the basis for the further research and the improvement of centrifugal pump.     

南水北调东线长沟泵站立式轴流泵装置选型与优化设计

在南水北调东线长沟泵站立式轴流泵装置的选型设计中,采用两种水泵选型计算方法确定了两个可选水泵模型,通过流动计算分析和优化设计确定了肘形进水流道型式以及出水流道的两种可选型式,将计算结果组合成4个方案进行装置模型同台对比试验,其最优方案在泵站平均扬程工况(扬程3.66m,流量33.3m3/s)换算点装置效率达到78.4%,空化比转速为1 180。研究结果表明,对于工作扬程在4m附近的大型泵站,采用立式装置型式能够节省工程投资,并实现泵站的安全高效运行。     

轴流泵装置分部结构对装置性能的影响分析

基于k-ε紊流模型和雷诺时均N-S方程,运用CFX软件对轴流泵装置进行三维流动数值仿真计算,分析各分部结构对水泵性能及泵装置性能的影响,以找寻泵装置优化设计中的关键部件。计算结果表明,肘形进水流道能保证良好的进水条件,使叶轮进口流速均匀度达到90%以上,叶轮效率达到92%左右的较高数值。肘形进水流道的水力损失取决于弯肘段的水力损失;出水流道产生的水力损失在整个泵装置中占比最大,出水流道弯段和出口的水力损失为主要部分;因此进水流道弯段和出水流道是泵装置优化设计的关键部件。出水流道中涡量沿程减小,在流道弯段涡量下降最大,且流量越小下降的越大。     

CFD SIMULATION OF 3D FLOW IN LARGE-BORE AXIAL-FLOW PUMP WITH HALF-ELBOW SUCTION SUMP

1. INTRODUCTION Axial-flow pumps are usually designed for pumping large volumes of water against low pressure head. Suction sump is one of key elements in pump stations. For pumps with larger than 2 m, closed type suction sump plans are used to provide pr…     

导叶进口安放角对轴流泵性能的影响

为了探究导叶进口安放角对轴流泵性能的影响,采用CFD三维流动数值模拟技术对泵段模型进行分析,对其水力特性和内部流态进行研究,并与模型试验结果比对。结果表明,导叶进口安放角的变化只对导叶和出水部件有影响;在导叶进口安放角依次增加5°的三种模拟方案中,方案2在流量为355 L/s时泵段的综合性能最好,其泵段最高效率为87.0%。方案1的导叶进口安放角高效区向小流量偏移,高效区范围较小,流量向非设计工况变化时效率下降较快;方案3的导叶进口安放角高效区向大流量偏移,高效区范围较大,流量向非设计工况变化时效率下降较慢。在实际运行中,适当增大导叶进口安放角可以提高轴流泵在大流量工况下的效率,但同时应防止导叶进口安放角太小导致水泵高效区范围太小。     

Experimental study of flow field in interference area between impeller and guide vane of axial flow pump

Axial flow pump is a kind of typical pumps with rotor-stator interaction, thus the measurement of the flow field between impeller and guide vane would facilitate the study of the internal rotor-stator interaction mechanism. Through a structural modification of a traditional axial flow pump, the requirements of particle image velocimetry（PIV） measurement are met. Under the condition of opt.0.8Q, the axial vortex is identified between impeller hub and guide vane hub, which is developed into the main flow and to affect the movement when the relative positions of impeller and guide vane at different flow rates are the same. Besides, the development and the dissipation of the tip leakage and the passage vortex in impeller passages are mainly responsible for the difference of the flow field close to the outer rim. As the flow rate decreases, the distribution of the meridional velocities at the impeller outlet becomes more non-uniform and the radial velocity component keeps increasing. The PIV measurement results under the condition of opt.1.0Q indicate that the flow separation and the trailing vortex at the trailing edge of a blade are likely to result in a velocity sudden change in this area, which would dramatically destroy the continuity of the flow field. Moreover, the radial direction of the flow between impeller and guide vane on the measurement plane does not always point from hub to rim. For a certain position, the direction is just from rim to hub, as is affected by the location of the intersection line of the shooting section and the impeller blade on the impeller as well as the angle between the intersection line and the rotating shaft.     

大型直联式潜水泵选型及装置水力性能研究

拟拆除重建的新洲电排站老站位于南昌市名胜风景区, 该站场地布置紧张, 对水泵机组噪音和可靠性要求高。 经比选确定选用立式潜水泵装置, 采用簸箕形进水流道和井筒式出水流道, 水泵与潜水电机直联。为提高该站泵装 置水力性能, 应用基于 CFD 的方法对该站簸箕形进水流道和井筒式出水流道内水流流动分别进行了数值模拟和优 化水力设计研究, 结果表明: 经过水力优化的簸箕形进水流道出口断面的水流入泵流速分布均匀度和平均角度分别 为 96 1 6%和 88 1 7 b, 进水流道和出水流道在设计流量时的水头损失分别为 01145 m 和 0 1 385 m, 可满足潜水泵装置 高效运行的要求。采用泵装置模型试验方法对数值模拟结果进行了检验, 结果表明立式潜水泵装置最优工况的泵 装置效率达到 65%。     

基于CFD方法的竖井贯流泵装置进出水流道优化设计

运用计算流体动力学方法,基于雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,针对通吕运河水利枢纽工程贯流泵装置特征扬程和设计参数对全流道进行数值模拟,在给定的水位资料和土建控制尺寸范围内,对竖井贯流泵装置进、出水流道进行了CFD分析和水力设计优化。通过对三种不同竖井宽度的进水流道内部流态分析、水力损失计算和泵装置效率预测,优选竖井最大宽度确定为5.4 m,该方案设计工况下进水流道水力损失为0.053 m。通过对三种不同出水流道设计方案内部流态分析、对水泵的效率影响和水力损失计算,上翘角对直管出水流道内部流态、水力损失和泵装置效率产生一定的影响,对比分析采用底部上翘角为3.56°的直管式出水流道具有较优的水力性能,且采用该方案时挡土翼墙高度可减少约1 m。竖井贯流泵装置内流CFD分析与进出水流道优化设计可为同类型泵站的设计提供优化参考。     

DESIGN OF IMPLANTABLE AXIAL-FLOW BLOOD PUMP AND NUMERICAL STUDIES ON ITS PERFORMANCE

This article presents the design of a new implantable axial-flow blood pump. The special feature of the flow channel inside the blood pump is that the blood is driven by a big-small tandem impeller installed in the inner hole of the cylinder magnet of a brushless direct current motor. The inner hole makes the main flow channel possible, while the gap between the inner end of the stator and the outer end of the cylinder magnet gives the shape of the tributary flow channel. There is no motor magnet inside the main flow channel, therefore, more blood can pass through it. The gap of the tributary flow channel is very small, but the blood flow in it is not blocked. Thus, the efficiency is increased and the volume and weight of blood pump can be reduced greatly. The outer diameter, length and weight of the manufactured implantable axial-flow blood pump are 29.6 mm, 76 mm and 158 g, respectively. The impeller spins at the speed of 9000 rpm and can generate a pressure head of 100 mmHg and a flow rate of 8 L/min. In an animal experiment, the blood pump has been successfully applied as a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) in the chest of a small cow. Besides, a mathematical model is established to simulate the flow inside an axial-flow blood pump of implantable VAD. The numerical studies on the performance of the implantable axial-flow blood pump are carried out by combining this mathematical model and the Fluent software. The numerical results agree well with those of experiments, with the maximum error less than 10%.     

A NOVEL DESIGN OF COMPOSITE WATER TURBINE USING CFD

This paper presents computational investigation of a novel design of composite material axial water turbine using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).Based on three-dimensional numerical flow analysis,the flow characteristics through the water turbine with nozzle,wheel and diffuser are predicted.The extract power and torque of a composite water turbine at different rotating speeds were calculated and analyzed for a specific flow speed.The simulation results show that using nozzle and diffuser can increase the pressure drop across the turbine and extract more power from available water energy.These results provide a fundamental understanding of the composite water turbine,and this design and analysis method is used in the design process.     

斜式轴流泵装置出水流道偏流特性研究

斜式轴流泵是大流量低扬程提水领域的一种典型泵型,但其在某些工况下存在严重偏流问题,是影响斜式轴流泵站安全稳定运行的工程难题和关键科学问题。本文以浙江盐官泵站15°斜式轴流泵装置模型为研究对象,通过模型试验和数值模拟方法对装置内部瞬态流动特性进行研究,分析了不同流量工况下内部流动特征及偏流产生的原因,提出了解决偏流问题的抑制措施。研究结果表明:顺水流方向出水流道隔墩左侧流量高于右侧,最优流量工况下偏流比达2.33,有70%的流量从左侧流道流出;出水流道内的偏流是因水流在剩余环量的影响下发生偏转,通过弯管段时产生的;在出水流道弯管段设置偏流抑制措施可有效改善出水流道内部流态,抑制偏流的发生。本文研究成果已经应用到盐官泵站装置原型上,并得到了很好的应用,从而为解决大型斜式轴流泵站偏流问题,保证泵站安全稳定运行提供了参考。     

长沟泵站泵装置流道优化与选型研究

经对南水北调长沟泵站肘型和钟型进水流道分别与平直管式、低驼峰式、虹吸式出水流道组合成10个装置流道方案,进行水力优化设计和CFD计算分析,优选出较佳的2种进水-出水流道与优选的2个转轮模型,再组合成4组泵装置,进行装置模型同台对比试验。试验所得最优泵装置即TJ04-ZL-06模型转轮配肘型进水流道-低驼峰出水流道,在设计工况（对应泵站平均扬程3.66、流量33.5m3/s）时装置效率达78.2%,综合性能达到了较理想的目标,大大提高了装置效率和叶轮中心安装高程,不仅减少了工程投资还节约了年运行费。     

15度斜式轴流泵装置水动力特性实验研究

15度斜式轴流泵装置是我国近年在低扬程、大流量泵站引入的一种新型泵装置,由于出水流道前端呈S形弯曲,流道内的二次流导致某些工况下压力脉动和振动较大,这一问题尚有待深入研究。本文针对浙江盐官泵站技术改造所研制的新型15度斜式轴流泵装置进行了水动力学特性的实验研究。研究发现,与泵段相比,斜式轴流泵装置的最优工况点向负叶片角度和小流量区偏移。泵装置在较小叶片角度下的空化特性优于大叶片角度;当装置空化余量低到使泵装置效率下降1%时,叶片背面出现占据近1/3叶道区域的空化区。斜式轴流泵的飞逸转速在较大负叶片角度时可达额定转速的1.73倍。斜式轴流泵压力脉动在导叶出口、出水弯管和出水流道内明显高于常规立式轴流泵;从水泵进口方向看,当叶轮逆时针方向旋转时,斜式轴流泵装置出水流道隔墩左侧流量大于右侧。本文研究成果为大型斜式轴流泵站优化设计和稳定运行提供了新的科学依据。     

离心叶轮的叶片数效应研究

叶轮叶片数是离心叶轮的一个重要结构参数,对叶轮外特性与内流场特征都有着直接的影响。利用计算流体动力学软件,生成了叶片数分别为5和6的2个叶轮,然后在相同工况下,计算了这2个叶轮的内外力学性能;通过对2个叶轮的流量-扬程、流量-效率曲线及叶轮内压力、相对速度进行比较,分析了不同叶片数对叶轮性能产生的影响及其成因。比较分析结果有助于设计人员深入了解不同叶片数叶轮的不同流动机理,并可为他们在设计实践中正确选用叶片数提供参考。     

水电机组推力轴承镜板泵及油循环冷却系统的水力优化设计

针对水电机组推力轴承镜板泵流体动力设计过程中孔的布置形式以及集油槽的断面形状、面积和出口管路直径等几何参数优化问题,提出适合镜板泵流道设计的镜板泵性能预测及优化设计方法。通过不同几何参数组合,采用基于多工况数值模拟的性能预测方法来分析镜板泵的主要过流部件的关键尺寸、形状等对其性能的影响,并在此基础上提出一种基于整个循环系统协同的镜板泵水力优化设计方法,可提高自循环系统设计中流体动力系统的性能及可靠性。对比试验表明,在原试验循环系统参数不变的条件下,某大型水电机组推力轴承镜板泵在优化设计后平均扬程提高4 m,平均效率提高5.5%,且H-Q曲线能更好保证变工况运行时系统的稳定性。     

THE FLOW IN ROTATING CURVED CIRCULAR PIPE

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海洋工程水池潮流发生装置—特殊轴流泵的水力设计及流动计算

随着海洋工程的发展,许多国家已建造模拟真实海况潮流现象的水池。本文研究了海洋工程潮流发生装置——特殊轴流泵系统,对这种低扬程、极高比转数的特殊轴流泵进行了水力设计。理论分析了转轮内部流动,建立了用有限元方法进行流动计算的计算机程序。在对日本平冢研究所试验水池的轴流泵(ns=2250)作校核设计的基础上,给出了新的设计条件下(ns=1580)算例的数值结果。