基于CFX的中比转速离心泵的性能特性预测

以一给定参数的具有扭曲叶片的中比转速离心泵为研究对象,对其进行水力设计。使用UG NX6.0软件对其三维建模,将由UG导出的parosolid格式的三维流体域模型导入到CFX的网格划分工具ICEM CFD中进行网格划分,采用ANSYS CFX12.1软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟及性能预测,得出离心泵在设计工况及几个典型的非设计工况点的扬程、轴功率等反映离心泵外特性的数值计算结果。该泵流量-扬程、流量-效率曲线符合离心泵的一般规律,可为设计人员提供重要的优化及设计参考。     

基于CFD的高海拔地区某型号离心泵水力性能优化

离心泵已在工农业生产过程中得到了广泛的应用,因此,水泵的高效运行非常重要。但是到目前为止,对高海拔地区水泵的高效率运行研究几乎是空白。为了解决某型号离心泵在高海拔地区长期运行后出现的效率明显降低的问题,基于CFD数值模拟软件,运用SST湍流模型,对该型号的离心泵在不同叶片数下的流场进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与试验数据进行了比对分析,以探索添加叶片对提升该型号离心泵效率的影响。结果表明:模拟结果与试验数据误差在允许范围内(3%),将叶片数从4增加到6时,运行效率提升到89%,但叶片数增加到8时,并不利于离心泵效率的提升。研究结果可为该型水泵运行效率的提升和改型提供借鉴与理论参考。     

两相流数值模拟分析等螺距诱导轮内空化问题

以等螺距诱导轮为研究对象,应用CFD软件,采用空化和混合两相流模型,通过对Y2-315M-2型离心泵前置等螺距诱导轮流道内空化流动进行非定常数值模拟,分析叶片上的静压分布及液相和空泡相分布特征.结论表明: 该诱导轮自身具有良好的抗空化性能.     

离心叶轮的叶片数效应研究

叶轮叶片数是离心叶轮的一个重要结构参数,对叶轮外特性与内流场特征都有着直接的影响。利用计算流体动力学软件,生成了叶片数分别为5和6的2个叶轮,然后在相同工况下,计算了这2个叶轮的内外力学性能;通过对2个叶轮的流量-扬程、流量-效率曲线及叶轮内压力、相对速度进行比较,分析了不同叶片数对叶轮性能产生的影响及其成因。比较分析结果有助于设计人员深入了解不同叶片数叶轮的不同流动机理,并可为他们在设计实践中正确选用叶片数提供参考。     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.     

Numerical and experimental studies of hydraulic noise induced by surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump

The influences of the four different surface dipole sources in a centrifugal pump on the acoustic calculating accuracy are studied in this paper, by using the CFD combined with the Lighthill acoustic analogy methods. Firstly, the unsteady flow in the pump is solved based on the large eddy simulation method and the pressure pulsations on the four different surfaces are obtained. The four surfaces include the volute surface, the discharge pipe surface, the inner surface of the pump cavity, and the interfaces between the impeller and the stationary parts as well as the outer surface of the impeller. Then, the software Sysnoise is employed to interpolate the pressure fluctuations onto the corresponding surfaces of the acoustic model. The Fast Fourier Transform with a Hanning window is used to analyze the pressure fluctuations and transform them into the surface dipole sources. The direct boundary element method is applied to calculate the noise radiated from the dipole sources. And the predicted sound pressure level is compared with the experimental data. The results show that the pressure fluctuations on the discharge pipe surface and the outer surface of the impeller have little effect on the acoustic simulation results. The pressure pulsations on the inner surface of the pump cavity play an important role in the internal flow and the acoustic simulation. The acoustic calculating error can be reduced by about 7% through considering the effect of the pump cavity. The sound pressure distributions show that the sound pressure level increases with the growing flow rate, with the largest magnitude at the tongue zone.     

用于确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的三维内特性法研究

水泵Suter曲线是泵站水锤分析的必备条件之一。现有用于获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线的实测法具有难度大、成本高的特点,而间接插值估算法的精度又比较低,本文提出了一种通过水泵流场三维数值计算确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的新方法,简称三维内特性法。该方法采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对双吸离心泵的水力模型进行三维造型、工况离散、流场计算及结果转化,以快速、准确地获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线,在正水泵工况、正水轮机工况、反水轮机工况、反水泵工况等工况下,计算出相应流量、转速、扬程和转矩关系。定量分析表明,相比于间接插值估算法,采用三维内特性法获得的Suter曲线中,Wh(x)的计算精度平均提高了39.2%,Wb(x)的计算精度平均提高了26.3%;在将采用该方法获得的双吸离心泵Suter曲线用于事故停泵工况水锤分析时,计算得到的系统最大压力降低了15.0%,管线发生汽化压力的范围缩减了81.4%,双吸离心泵的最大倒流量增大了11.9%,最大倒转速降低了6.1%,与实际测试结果更为接近。该方法为提高双吸离心泵站水锤分析精度提供了一种新技术途径。     

基于OpenFOAM的挡板透空式防波堤水动力特性数值分析

基于有限体积法理论,应用开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM求解黏性不可压缩流体的连续性方程和动量方程,建立了二维数值波浪水槽,并通过规则波作用下挡板式透空结构的物理模型试验数据(波面、压力和流速)对数值波浪水槽进行了验证;计算并比较分析了不同入射波浪条件下挡板相对入水深度对透射系数和挡板底部流速的影响。结果表明,当挡板相对入水深度大于0.8时,透射系数可降低至0.5以下;随着挡板相对入水深度的增加,底部水体往复流动的速度也明显增大,这需要引起工程技术人员的额外关注。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HIGHLY NONLINEAR STEADY AND UNSTEADY FREE SURFACE FLOWS

A numerical simulation model based on an open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package-Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM) has been developed to study highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows. A two-fluid formulation is used in this model and the free surface is captured using the classical Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method. The incompressible Euler/Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite volume method on unstructured polyhedral cells. Both steady and unsteady free surface flows are simulated, which include: (1) a submerged NACA0012 2-D hydrofoil moving at a constant speed, (2) the Wigley hull moving at a constant speed, (3) numerical wave tank, (4) green water overtopping a fixed 2-D deck, (5) green water impact on a fixed 3-D body without or with a vertical wall on the deck. The numerical results obtained have been compared with the experimental measurements and other CFD results, and the agreements are satisfactory. The present numerical model can thus be used to simulate highly nonlinear steady and unsteady free surface flows.     

消能锥形阀过流状态研究与优化

消能锥形阀是一种用于中、高水头下的消能控流阀门,其内部结构设计的好坏直接影响着控流效果。为探究消能锥形阀在不同开度下,过流流量及内部流场的变化情况。进行了模型试验与CFD数值模拟计算,试验中发现开度从100%关至85%时出现了流量反而上升、进口压力下降的情况。利用CFD数值模拟的方法对内部流场进行了可视化研究。研究结果表明,在全开状态下锥形阀内部存在以下问题:过强的局部高速高压区域、低速流动死区范围过大、涡流区过度影响高速过流部分。并对锥形阀进行了一定的结构改进,优化了其内部流场情况。     

升力做功对离心泵水力性能的影响

分别用试验研究和数值模拟手段对离心泵内升力做功对其水力性能的影响展开了研究。研究结果表明：离心泵叶轮在相同半径下，叶片工作面的压力与吸力面之间存在压力差ΔP，由此产生升力，且随着流量的增加升力做功逐渐减小；离心泵内升力做功和离心力做功共同决定着其外特性曲线，其中，升力做功最大可达到离心力做功的90%左右，占总扬程的46%左右；在不同工况下，离心力做功基本不变，升力做功的变化则较为明显，这就决定了其外特性曲线的变化趋势。对理论计算与试验结果进行了比较，两种结果相互吻合，验证了数值模拟的正确性。     

某立式轴流泵 CFD 计算与模型试验性能比较分析

针对宣州区某立式轴流泵站水泵装置进行分析，验证水泵设计选型的科学性、合理性，尽量减少和避免如伴随冲击、二次流、汽蚀等有害物理现象，防止影响机组的安全运行。设计中采用 CFD 技术对立式轴流泵装置全流道进行了数值模拟计算，并针对进水流道、泵段、出水流道的内部流态进行了分析判断应用，从而得出立式轴流泵全工况外特性。结合水泵装置模型试验得到水泵试验外特性数据，对比试运行参数，验证了水泵基本性能。结果表明 CFD 计算能初步快速的判断避免不利流态，试运行的工况点水泵性能与 CFD 计算和模型试验结果较相近。因此，对大中型立式轴流泵站同时进行 CFD 计算和装置模型试验是必要的，均对水泵的性能可做出比较准确的判断。     

快速闸门断流的轴流泵起动过程三维数值模拟

针对轴流泵机组起动过程的研究是泵站安全稳定运行研究的重要环节。为了准确捕捉轴流泵机组在起动过渡过程中的动态特性,建立轴流泵机组的全流道三维模型,采用三维CFD计算软件Fluent,利用基于有限体积法的动网格技术,配合VOF多相流模型对快速闸门断流的轴流泵机组起动过程进行了三维瞬态数值模拟,获得了轴流泵机组起动过渡过程中的流态变化及外特性参数的变化规律。闸门开启时间为60s时,机组起动扬程在12s时达到最大值2.76m,为运行扬程的1.28倍。减小快速闸门开启时间能够降低机组最大起动扬程,但同时会加剧回流及闸门处的水流撞击。计算结果表明:动网格技术结合VOF多相流模型可以较好的应用于快速闸门断流的轴流泵机组起动过渡过程数值模拟中,其结果可为泵站水力设计及轴流泵机组的过渡过程研究提供参考。     

大型水斗式水轮机配水环管水力性能数值模拟

采用商用CFD数值模拟软件对大型水斗式水轮机配水环管的水力性能进行数值模拟研究。模拟结果表明,从配水环管进口到距进口渐远的各出口的水力损失具有逐渐增大的趋势,而且从进口到各出口的平均水力损失随着流量的增大而增大。根据实际需要,对配水环管出口不同的开启组合方案进行模拟,比较后得出性能较优的组合方案,可为指导电站的高效运行提供依据。     

高扬程大流量离心泵导叶优化及流动特性研究

为使离心泵满足高扬程大流量抽水的需求,设计了一种高效率的高扬程大流量的导叶式离心泵,并对其内部流场进行分析。为了提高效率,采用CFD数值模拟方法对设计得到的离心泵进行单因素试验,通过试验优选出了导叶形式、导叶入流角角度以及导叶数量。实践证明:优化后离心泵的效率提升了5.01%且具有较宽的高效区;同时,流场分析结果发现:小流量工况与大流量工况时离心泵内部流场流态呈现为不同的趋势,在小流量工况下,漩涡往往小而密集;而在大流量工况时则表现为大而疏散。研究结果可为今后导叶式离心泵的研究和设计提供一定的参考。     

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis of unsteady attached sheet- cavitating flows in a centrifugal pump

This paper studies the attached sheet cavitation in centrifugal pumps. A pump casted from Perspex is used as the test subject. The cavitation bubbles were observed in the entrance of the impeller and the drops of the head coefficients were measured under different operating conditions. A Filter-Based Model (FBM), derived from the RNG k – ? model, and a modified Zwart model are adopted in the numerical predictions of the unsteady cavitating flows in the pump. The simulations are carried out and the results are compared with experimental results for 3 different flow coefficients, from 0.077 to 0.114. Under four operating conditions, qualitative comparisons are made between experimental and numerical cavitation patterns, as visualized by a high-speed camera and described as isosurfaces of the vapour volume fraction α_v = 0.1. It is shown that the simulation can truly represent the development of the attached sheet cavitation in the impeller. At the same time, the curves for the drops of the head coefficients obtained from experiments and calculations are also quantitatively compared, which shows that the decline of the head coefficients at every flow coefficient is correctly captured, and the prediction accuracy is high. In addition, the detailed analysis is made on the vapour volume fraction contours on the plane of span is 0.5 and the loading distributions around the blade section at the midspan. It is shown that the FBM model and the modified Zwart model are effective for the numerical simulation of the cavitating flow in centrifugal pumps. The analysis results can also be used as the basis for the further research of the attached sheet cavitation and the improvement of centrifugal pumps.     

基于CFD的多级离心泵吸水室优化研究

为分析吸入段90°转角产生的水流偏向对多级离心泵性能的影响,将多级离心泵首级单独取出并配以导叶和进出水段,完成了三维实体建模及网格剖分,基于大型SST剪切应力模型和N-S方程进行了数值模拟计算。仿真结果表明,叶轮进口水流偏向一侧,叶轮各通道的压力分布存在不均匀的情况。在计算结果基础上,对吸水室进行了型线调整,压缩了回流区域,使进水变得较为均匀。优化后,在1.1Q_d,1.0 Q_d和0.6 Q_d工况下,效率分别提高了1.4%,1.1%和2.6%。所研究的优化方法可为多级离心泵的优化提供一种新的思路。     

基于IDDES方法的模型尺度和实尺度VLCC阻力预报与流场分析

随着CFD技术的发展和计算机运算能力的提高,CFD在船舶设计中发挥着越来越重要的作用。目前CFD对于船舶阻力的计算基本集中在模型尺度,一方面因为实尺度缺乏相关的实验数据,导致缺乏对实尺度高雷诺数下近壁面湍流模型和壁面函数的探索;另一方面也是因为在实尺度计算中,非定常特征更加明显,数值计算的复杂性会大大增加,传统的RANS方法处理起来较为困难。该文应用基于OpenFOAM开发的船舶与海洋工程水动力求解器naoe-FOAMSJTU,应用改进的DES模型—IDDES,采用CFD方法同时对模型尺度和实尺度的32万吨VLCC进行阻力预报,并分别与RANS的计算结果、实验结果/三因次换算结果进行比较分析。在实尺度计算中考虑到表面粗糙度的影响,采用带粗糙度补贴的壁面函数进行近壁面处理。该文探讨了采用IDDES方法在船模和实船阻力预报中的可行性,同时也对实尺度和模型尺度下的流场进行了讨论与对比分析。     

大型直联式潜水泵选型及装置水力性能研究

拟拆除重建的新洲电排站老站位于南昌市名胜风景区, 该站场地布置紧张, 对水泵机组噪音和可靠性要求高。 经比选确定选用立式潜水泵装置, 采用簸箕形进水流道和井筒式出水流道, 水泵与潜水电机直联。为提高该站泵装 置水力性能, 应用基于 CFD 的方法对该站簸箕形进水流道和井筒式出水流道内水流流动分别进行了数值模拟和优 化水力设计研究, 结果表明: 经过水力优化的簸箕形进水流道出口断面的水流入泵流速分布均匀度和平均角度分别 为 96 1 6%和 88 1 7 b, 进水流道和出水流道在设计流量时的水头损失分别为 01145 m 和 0 1 385 m, 可满足潜水泵装置 高效运行的要求。采用泵装置模型试验方法对数值模拟结果进行了检验, 结果表明立式潜水泵装置最优工况的泵 装置效率达到 65%。     

基于CFX的离心泵内部流场三维数值模拟

基于三维不可压缩流体的N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,采用隐式修正SIMPLE算法,利用CFX软件,对离心泵装置进行全流场三维数值模拟,共计算额定转速下30～80 m3/h流量范围内8个工况点。对比分析小流量工况、设计工况和大流量工况下泵装置流态和压力分布,并分析叶片表面静压,揭示内部流动规律,所得结果对预测水力性能,提高水泵效率及进一步结构优化具有重要的参考价值。