大江河口三维非线性斜压水流盐度数学模型

本文建立了河口三维非线性斜压水汉盐度数学模型，该模型通过σ坐标变换，使整个水域垂直方向可采用相同的分层，基于过程分裂法，将三维流动分成表面重力波（外模式）和内重力波（内模式）外模式采用改进型双步全隐有限有差分为ＤＳＩ法进行计算，内模式利用欧拉－拉格朗日公式，改进三维垂直方向隐式格式，减小了数值耗散，提高了计算精度及稳定性，该模型应用于长江口三维盐水入侵计算，结果表明水流盐度分布与实测一致。     

海岸带三重双向嵌套三维环流数值模型及其应用

在极坐标条件下，考虑流体等密度面的斜压性，建立了具有4阶精度的三重双向嵌套海洋环流三维原始方程数值模型，模型垂直方向采用z坐标不均匀分层，具有完全非线性和计算效率高的特性。嵌套系统由大模型（19km）、中模型（6km）和小模型（2km）嵌套而成，上一级模型为下一级模型提供动力和边界条件，且下一级模型将自己的动力要素反馈给上一级模型，各模型间相互作用相互交换资料。在具体实施时，每一个模型占用一个CPU，实行同步计算，三模型间每天交换信息一次。模型用体积输送流函数、不同水深处实测海温过程等资料进行验证，在此基础上，应用模型计算了西加勒比海及海岸带浅水区的水流分布特征、温度和盐度分布。计算结果表明，加勒比西海岸带的海流具有明显的季节性变化过程。     

潜射导弹水下垂直自抛发射过程研究

研究了潜射导弹水下垂直自抛发射过程中的复杂多相流动问题。采用多相流mixture模型，考虑了流体的可压缩性、黏性、重力作用、气水掺混效应和能量交换等各项因素。应有限体积法（FVM）和Simple算法，求解气水两相混合介质的RANS方程和standard k-ε湍流模式。运用自编UDF模块和动网格技术，实现了导弹出筒过程中弹体运动与气水流场的耦合求解。计算结果揭示了潜射导弹水下垂直自抛发射过程中发动机喷管和发射管内复杂多相流动的演化、流场结构和流体动力特性。     

综合考虑多种变形因素的近岸多向不规则波传播数学模型——Ⅰ．模型的建立

根据线性波动的叠加原理和波浪方向谱理论，作者在综合考虑环境水流（水流因子）、非线性弥散影响（非线性因子）、底摩擦波能损失（底摩擦因子）、非缓坡地形影响（地形因子）、折射、绕射的近岸规则波传播基本方程的基础上，推导出了综合考虑多种变形因素的近岸多向不规则波传播变形的基本方程。使用有限差分作为数值方法，给出了波浪破碎和障碍物后边界的处理方法，建立了综合考虑环境水流（水流因子）、非线性弥散影响（非线性因子）、底摩擦波能损失（底摩擦因子）、非缓坡地形影响（地形因子）、折射、绕射、波浪破碎、障碍物影响的近岸多向不规则波传播变形数学模型。该模型以组成波的谱值及波向为变量，在实数域内求解，适合大面积海区波场计算。     

波-流共同作用下令仃洋三维盐度数值模拟

为了研究伶仃洋内盐度的输移运动规律,建立了三维斜压盐度数学模型。模型考虑了径流、潮流及波浪场作用下的盐度输运,波浪的影响通过三维辐射应力和波一流共同作用底应力反映。采用平面正交曲线坐标和垂向σ坐标对复杂边界和地形进行了较好的拟合,方程采用守恒有限差分法离散,并采用内外模式分裂技术求解,水平动量方程的求解采用了“预测”、“校正”相结合的方法以保证内外模式所求流速值的一致性。应用枯水期伶仃洋大规模同期实测的水位、流速和盐度资料对模型进行了验证,计算值与实测值吻合较好,表明了模型对伶仃洋水流、盐度运动规律模拟的可靠性。     

利用非结构化网格三维模型探讨桥墩 周围流动现象

本文简要介绍了一种基于非结构化网格的三维水动力模型，模型采用有限体积法的思想，考 虑水流垂直方向流速，建立三维水动力控制方程。引用通量差分分裂(Flux Difference Splitting)算法对 控制方程进行了数值求解。最后基于该模型建立了日本川上河上的包含两个桥墩河段的三维水动力模 型。通过模拟计算，对两个桥墩周围的流动状态进行了分析。结果表明，该模型能够体现复杂情况下 桥墩周围的流动现象。     

堤防决口水流水力学特性的三维数值模拟

堤防决口水流的水力学特性对于制定决口封堵方案至关重要。基于FLOW 3D建立了模拟堤防决口水流的三维数值模型,首先对局部瞬间溃决水流水位场分布进行了三维数值模拟,模拟计算结果与C. Biscarini等代表性文献介绍的研究结果吻合较好,印证了数值模型的可靠性和准确性。以某流域河流堤防为例,建立了不同决口口门形状（U形、V形、T1形和T2形）的决口水流三维数值模型,计算分析了4种口门形状下决口附近的水位场及流速场分布规律。结果表明:进入决口后水流发生急速的侧向收缩和纵向跌落,决口处水深和流速在垂直水流方向断面上呈两侧小中间大的近似拱形分布,决口进口附近水流最大流速出现在决口左侧堤脚。数值模型和模拟方法可为制定堤防决口的最佳堵口方案提供技术参考。     

长江口盐水入侵数值模型研究

本文利用ECOM模式建立了一个长江口水动力盐度三维数值模型。当水底地形变化比较剧烈时，原ECOM模式中水平扩散项的计算就可能产生虚假的流场和物质输运，所以文中首先对ECOM模式物质输运方程的水平扩散项计算方法进行改进，采用返回z坐标系计算，离散变量利用σ层二次Lagrange插值得到。对于改进方法，文中采用Huang＆spaulding提出的数值试验进行验证，证明此方法大大地提高了水平扩散项的计算精度。改进模型采用长江口实测水文资料进行率定验证，计算和分析了南北槽垂向盐度分布和盐水通量过程，结果表明，模型能较好反映测点盐度变化过程，也能较好地模拟出垂向表底层的盐度差异。     

利用非结构化网格三维模型探讨桥墩周围流动现象

本文简要介绍了一种基于非结构化网格的三维水动力模型,模型采用有限体积法的思想,考虑水流垂直方向流速,建立三维水动力控制方程。引用通量差分分裂(FluxDifferenceSplitting)算法对控制方程进行了数值求解。最后基于该模型建立了日本川上河上的包含两个桥墩河段的三维水动力模型。通过模拟计算,对两个桥墩周围的流动状态进行了分析。结果表明,该模型能够体现复杂情况下桥墩周围的流动现象。     

波涌沟灌地表水流的运动波模拟

本文论述了用运动波模型（ＫＷＭ）模拟波涌沟灌的地表水流运动给出了数值求解及定解条件，并经过实测资料的验证表明该模型能较好的预报连续和波涌沟灌的地表水流特性，同时对ＫＷＭ的灵敏度进行了分析。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL NONLINEAR NUMERICAL MODEL WITH INCLINED PRESSURE FOR SALTWATER INTRUSION AT THE YANGTZE RIVER ESTUARY

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海水入侵模拟理论与方法研究进展

对海水入侵模拟研究涉及的海水入侵监测指标、数学模型及数值方法、临海边界处理和海水入侵防治对策研究等方面做了全面总结,并指出海水入侵数值模拟研究进一步发展的方向和研究中亟待解决的问题。认为变密度过渡带模型将是海水入侵研究的主流模型,而自适应欧拉拉格朗日方法是求解此类模型最有效的数值方法。另外,指出硼同位素特别适合于水文地质条件复杂的滨海含水层海水入侵的监测。     

Groundwater Circulation Well for Controlling Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal aquifers: Numerical study with Experimental Validation

Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers has become a prominent environmental concern worldwide. As such, there is a need to prepare and implement proper remediation techniques with careful planning of freshwater withdrawal systems for controlling saltwater intrusion in coastal marine and estuarine environments. This paper investigates the performance of groundwater circulation well (GCW) in controlling saltwater intrusion problems in unconfined coastal aquifers. The GCWs have been established as a promising in-situ remedial technique of contaminated groundwater. The GCW system creates vertical circulation flow by extracting groundwater from an aquifer through a screen in a single well and injecting back into the aquifer through another screen. The circulation flow induced by GCW force water in a circular pattern between abstraction and recharge screens and can be as a hydraulic barrier for controlling saltwater intrusion problem in coastal aquifers. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the behavior of saltwater intrusion dynamics under a GCW. An experiment has been conducted in a laboratory-scale flow tank model under constant water head boundary conditions, and the variable-density flow and transport model FEMWATER is used to simulate the flow and transport processes for the experimental setup. The evaluation of the results indicates that there is no further movement of saltwater intrusion wedge towards the inland side upon implementation of GCW, and the GCW acts as a hydraulic barrier in controlling saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The present study reveals the GCWs system can effectively mitigate the saltwater intrusion problem in coastal regions and could be considered as one of the most efficient management strategies for controlling the problem.

     

不同风向对珠江东四口门盐水入侵的影响

采用MIKE3构建珠江东四口门三维水动力数值模型,对枯水期各风向下珠江口的水动力进行模拟,分析北风、东北风和东风对河口涨落潮流速、盐度分布、潮通量的影响。结果表明:表层和底层水体的涨落潮流速变化在风的作用下是相反的。北风促进虎门垂向环流的发展,使小潮期垂向净环流出现频次增加且环流强度增大,导致口门内盐水入侵距离增大,垂向平均盐度增大,东北风的影响与北风相似但幅度较小,东风则相反。北风、东北风使东四口门涨潮量减少,东风使涨潮量增加,落潮量的变化则不仅与风向相关,还与河道走向、垂向环流有关,因此4个口门的落潮量对风的响应有所不同。风的持续作用对虎门盐水入侵影响较大,对其他三口门影响相对较小。     

基于EFDC的咸潮上溯对闽江下游水源地的影响

为保障咸潮上溯情况下闽江下游水源地供水安全,建立基于EFDC的二维水环境数学模型,利用2013年12月同步监测资料进行参数率定,模拟不同流量条件下咸潮上溯的距离以及对水源地的影响。结果表明:咸潮上溯距离与下泄流量成负相关关系;咸潮上溯距离的增加将延长下游水源地的不宜取水时间。为减缓咸潮上溯对闽江下游水源地的影响,建议优化水口水库调度方式,加大下泄流量。     

基于FVCOM的磨刀门水道盐水入侵三维数值模拟

该文采用非结构化有限体积近岸海洋三维模型FVCOM(Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model),建立了磨刀门水道至伶仃洋盐水入侵数值模型,模拟2004年、2005年及2007年枯季的长序列流场过程,观察其水动力特性,研究盐度的时空变化规律,分析其垂向分层现象。结果表明仅对该文模拟范围的建模也能达到模拟珠江四口门或八口门时磨刀门水道的准确度,从而减少了建模工作量和模型计算量。对三个工况的模拟显示盐水入侵最远距离在2005年1月最大,越过了全禄水厂,2007年3月最小。垂向分层方面,由于盐水上溯的最远距离均处于内河道处,盐度垂向分层不明显,底表层盐水最远入侵距离的差距随入侵距离的增加而减小。海平面平均每升高1 cm,磨刀门水道咸潮入侵平均上移距离为0.85 km。     

Critical discharge at Datong for controlling operation of South-to-North Water Transfer Project in dry seasons

Previous research shows that there is a strong correlation between saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary and discharge at Datong. In the near future, the discharge of the Yangtze River during dry seasons will decrease due to the construction and operation of large water diversion projects, including the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which will further exacerbate saltwater intrusion in the estuary. In this paper, a nested 1D river network model and a 2D saltwater numerical model are used to associate saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary with different values of discharge at Datong. It is concluded that 13 000 m3/s is the critical discharge at Datong for preventing saltwater intrusion and controlling the volume of water transferred by the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. Furthermore, based on the analysis of river discharge from Datong to Xuliujing and in consideration of the influence of all of the water diversion projects, operation schemes are proposed for the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project for different hydrological years.     

Influences of coastal underground reservoir construction and utilization on saltwater and freshwater transport law in aquifersEI北大核心CSCD

In order to reveal the impact of underground reservoir construction and extraction methods on the saltwater and freshwater transport law in coastal aquifers, a 300m × 900m × 30m conceptual numerical model was established. The variable density current simulation method of unconfined aquifer was used to analyze the saltwater and freshwater transport law in coastal aquifer under different extraction scenarios before and after the construction of underground dam. The results show that the construction of underground dam can significantly reduce the scope and degree of seawater intrusion. Groundwater extraction can accelerate the intrusion and diffusion of residual saltwater in underground reservoirs within a certain time range. The coefficient of saltwater intrusion is exponentially related to extraction scale and the distance between extraction wells and underground dams. Reasonable layout of the location and scale of extraction wells can effectively reduce the negative impact of groundwater extraction on water salinity in the reservoir area. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

Numerical study of edge waves using extended Boussinesq equations

An edge wave numerical model was developed based on extended Boussinesq equations with the internal wave-generation method. The form of edge waves near a seawall was chosen as the input signal in order to avoid treatment of the moving shoreline on a sloping beach. As there was an energy transfer between different edge wave modes, not only the target mode but also other modes appeared in the simulations. Due to the nonlinear effect, the simulation results for mode-0 edge waves were slightly modulated by mode-1 and mode-2 waves. As the magnitudes of these higher-mode waves are not significantly related to those of the target mode, the internal wave-generation method in Boussinesq equations can produce high-quality edge waves. The numerical model was used to investigate the nonlinear properties of standing edge waves, and the numerical results were in strong agreement with theory.