苏州河沿岸初期雨水调蓄池控制溢流污染研究

利用苏州河沿岸代表性排水系统雨天溢流水量水质变化以及调蓄池处理技术的实验研究成果，与数学模型研究有机结合，建立了苏州河沿岸排水系统降雨径流水量水质与河网水量水质动态耦合的集成模型，系统研究了在三个典型年实际降雨条件下，苏州河沿岸调蓄池工程的溢流水量、溢流污染物削减效果，以及控制溢流污染对苏州河水质的改善效果。     

Optimization of Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project Stage I.

Suzhou Creek is a seriously polluted tidal river in Shanghai, China. With the development of Shanghai, there is more and more concern over the "blackness and stink" phenomenon of Suzhou Creek. Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project was launched in 1998, and the planning investment of the Project Stage I was 8.65 billion yuan (about 1.05 billion US dollars). It is important to predict the effectiveness of the project and to optimize it. In this study, the USEPA's WASP model is employed to establish a water quality model of Suzhou Creek by using data from the Third Trial Low Flow Augmentation on Suzhou Creek in 1999 and other monitoring results. Based on this, Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation Project Stage I is optimized and adjusted, so the actual investment of the Project Stage I is reduced to 6.99 billion yuan. By implementing the Project Stage I, the targets of Stage I have been met, the "blackness and stink" phenomenon of the mainstream was eliminated by the end of 2000, and the ecological system was improved step by step.     

市政泵站雨天排放对黄浦江、苏州河水质的影响

为研究市政泵站雨天排放对受纳水体水质的影响程度,利用一维河网水量水质模型和管网模型进行耦合计算,分析黄浦江、苏州河沿线73座市政泵站在不同典型降雨时段溢流排放时,对黄浦江和苏州河的水质影响程度进行了定量化研究。结果表明：雨天市政泵站排放对黄浦江和苏州河的水质浓度有不同程度的影响,越靠近中心城区的河道水体污染物浓度升幅越大,降雨量越大对水体的水质影响也越大;要降低市政泵站雨天排放对黄浦江、苏州河水质的影响,需采取工程措施和非工程措施综合措施来进行治理。     

苏州河水环境治理20年回顾与展望

简要阐述了苏州河历史演变、水文特性和水环境变化过程,回顾了自1998年开始的苏州河环境综合整治一期、二期、三期工程及开展的相关科研工作,并利用干流历年水质变化过程分析了历次治理取得的成效。结果表明:一期整治工程对水质指标的改善效果较好,而二、三期工程影响不明显,但当郊区河道进一步治理后,干流水质得到进一步好转。最后,针对目前正开展的苏州河综合整治四期工程总体方案,指出更大范围、更加彻底的标本兼治苏州河支流水环境会提升苏州河干流水环境,但要恢复苏州河的"水清岸绿、鱼翔浅底"的生态功能,还需有漫长的过程,且需要上游的江苏省内河道同步治理。     

WATER QUALITY MODELING OF SUZHOU CREEK

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮ1 .1　ＴｈｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄＴｈｅｒｉｖｅｒｓｉｎＳｈａｎｇｈａｉｗｅｒｅｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｌｙｐｏｌｌｕｔｅｄ ,ｓｏｔｈｅｍｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｔｏｓｔａｒｔａｈｕｇｅｐｒｏｊｅｃ     

TARGET ANALYSIS OF SUZHOU CREEK REHABILITATION PROJECT STAGE II: BASED ON WATER QUALITY MODEL

1 .　INTRODUCTIONTheSuzhouCreekisamaintributaryoftheHuangpuRiver .ItislocatedinthedeltaoftheYangtseRiver,originatingfromGuajingkouoftheTaihuLake ,thenpassingSuzhouCityofJiang suProvince ,crossingthecentralareaofShanghaiCity ,andfinallypouringintotheHuangpuRiveratWaibaidu .Itis 12 5kmlong ,5 3.1kminShang haiCity .Theaveragewidthis 70m 80mathigh tidetime .Theaverageflowis 6 .0m3/s ,andabout4 0 % 6 0 %isthesewagefromriverside .Theflowiscontrolledbytide ,andthewatervelocityisverylow…     

时间尺度对平原感潮河网水动力水质模拟精度的影响

为探究不同时间尺度边界入流条件对平原感潮河网水动力水质模型模拟精度的影响,以典型平原感潮河网地区的张家港市中部为研究区域,结合野外同步监测数据、自动高频监测数据、常规监测资料等构建了水动力水质模型进行模拟分析。结果表明:时间尺度、开始取值时刻以及调度情况均会影响模拟精度;研究区域边界入流条件、水动力模拟结果和水质模拟结果可信的最大时间尺度为1 h,水质模拟精度优于水动力模拟精度。     

苏州河沿线设计高水位

为确定苏州河两岸防汛墙改造的墙顶高程,采用水文概率统计与水力模型计算相结合、原型实测与数学模型相结合的方法,与太湖流域河网水文水动力模型相衔接,建立基于数字河网的苏州河水系水文水动力模型,从影响苏州河高水位的洪、涝、潮、控等要素着手,计算分析洪、涝、潮单一水情以及历史典型年不利水情影响下的苏州河高水位分布规律。研究结果表明,现状及规划近、远期工况条件下的苏州河沿线设计高水位分别为4.60 m,4.79 m和4.77 m。     

城市雨洪综合模拟方法及应用

为综合模拟城市雨洪和分析其对区域内涝的影响,在Open MI异构模型集成平台上动态耦合河网水文水动力模型和城市排水管网水力模型,以上海14个水利分片之一的淀北片为例,建立了淀北片雨洪耦合模型,并应用此模型分析了不同雨潮组合对淀北片区域内涝的影响。淀北片雨洪综合模拟计算结果表明,雨洪综合模拟较真实地反映了感潮河网城市地区的内涝情况,可为城市防洪除涝工作提供参考。     

STUDY AND APPLICATION OF STEADY FLOW AND UNSTEADY FLOW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CHANNEL NETWORKS

Based on the Preissmann implicit scheme for the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation, the mathematical model for one-dimensional river networks and canal networks was developed and the key issues on the model were expatiated particularly in this article. This model applies the method of three-steps solution for channel-junction-channel to simulate the river networks, and the Gauss elimination method was used to calculate the sparse matrix. This model was applied to simulate the tree-type irrigation canal networks, complex looped channel networks and the Lower Columbia Slough networks. The results of water level and discharge agree with the data from the Adlul and field data. The model is proved to be robust for simulating unsteady flows in river networks with various degrees of complex structure. The calculated results show that this model is useful for engineering applications in complicated river networks. Future research was recommended to focus on setting up ecological numerical model of water quality in river networks and canal networks.     

中国北方河流环境容量核算方法研究

中国北方河流径流量较小、季节性变化较大,为准确核算其水环境容量,把河道水体按上游到下游划分为河道、拦河闸水体和感潮河段3种类型水体,其环境容量之和为河流的环境容量。对不同的水体分别运用河流一维水质模型、湖库均匀混合模型和河口一维水质模型确定这3种水体的环境容量。本文以大沽河为例,采用实测的水质、水文数据资料,建立了流速和流量、综合衰减系数和流速之间的相关关系,分别计算各类水体的环境容量。计算结果表明,拦河闸水体和感潮河段的环境容量占河流总容量的80%以上,是河流水环境容量的重要组成部分。     

人工采沙及航道整治对珠江三角洲水流动力条件的影响

本文借助数值计算,运用"三级联合解法"对圣维南方程组进行求解,对1990年和2005年实测地形条件下珠江三角洲动力条件进行复演,研究了在高强度、大范围人工采沙和航道整治等人类活动作用下,三角洲航道网内部水流动力条件的变化。研究结果表明:由于河床的下切,导致同流量水位下降明显,一级分流节点思贤站的百年一遇流量水位下降达2.68m;同时,由于河槽容积增加,航道网内部潮汐动力增强,该站的年均潮差从1990年的0.35m增加到2005年的0.53m。河道断面面积的剧烈变化,引起了航道网内部及口门处水量的重新分配,其中洪奇门和磨刀门流量增加显著,其余6个口门均有不同程度的减少。珠江三角洲航道网内部水流动力条件的变化,亦是近年来珠江三角洲咸灾频发的主要诱因之一。     

一维潮流与含氯度耦合数学模型及其应用

针对东江三角洲的实际情况,建立一维潮流与含氯度耦合数学模型,通过对东江下游及其三角洲供水水源工程8个基本布置方案的对比分析,定量计算不同方案对水动力条件、咸潮界的影响。结果表明:该模型能较好地模拟潮流与含氯度的变化,可为东江三角洲河网区河道治理、城市供水工程建设等相关问题的研究提供科学依据及技术支撑。     

苏州古城区水系演变规律及水动力改善研究

苏州古城区水系是历代人工开凿,并且保存较为完整的历史文化遗产。以苏州古城区水系的产生、发展、破坏和恢复为主线,探讨了其水系演变规律及结构特征。结果表明:(1)苏州古城区水系有别于天然河道,具有一定规整性;(2)其水系消亡破坏过程与天然河道相同;(3)具备平原城市河网特点,存在一定水环境问题。进一步通过采用时空对比的研究方式,分析了苏州古城区水源的演变和特点,得出以下结果:(1)苏州古城区水系通江达湖,连通性好;(2)水系水流路径由20世纪80年代的西进东出转变为北进南出;(3)长江大通站的水位、水质和水量特征显示,长江能为苏州古城区水系提供具有优质水势、水质和水量的高保障率水源。以上论证显示,苏州古城区水系具备潜在的水质提升基础。     

夏季引流条件下苏州古城区河网水质变化研究

为探寻城市河网水动力提升对水环境改善的影响,评估引水调流效益,以苏州古城区河网为例,在夏季丰水期条件下通过对不同流量引水条件下数条河流水动力及水质的监测和分析,探讨水动力作用对河网水体的水质改善效果。结果表明,在汛期允许最佳引流条件下,苏州齐门河、平门河及学士河的污染物通量分别下降了15.2%,16.5%和13.2%,其中古城区北部河网水环境改善情况明显高于南部河网。引水调流方案能够有效增强古城河网流动性,而河网水体中COD和溶解氧含量在不同水动力条件下的变化较为敏感,可以作为古城区河网典型水质指标参数,反映水动力调控的影响效果。     

闸控感潮河段重金属迁移转化规律研究

以长江感潮江段的某入江河道为典型案例,根据闸控条件下的水文特征、污染物迁移转化特性分别建立了由入江河道及长江相关河段构成的动态二维水动力及重金属数学模型,模拟分析了闸门控制下入江河道的水流运动规律、点源连续排放的重金属浓度随时间变化及二维平面分布特征。模拟结果表明:在长江潮汐、水闸控制影响下,入江河道内重金属浓度在一定范围内呈现周期性波动的现象,重金属浓度整体呈增大趋势,随着污水排放时间的推移,河道内各断面处重金属浓度最大值和波动区间均趋于稳定;典型超周期内,河道内落潮流污染带长度大于涨潮流。重金属在潮汐河道内的变化是一个非常复杂的过程,对这一过程的模拟,可以为河道水质治理和污染防治提供技术依据。     

考虑侧向出沙的河网非均匀沙输移

引水进入河网可快速地改善水质,同时也会造成泥沙淤积问题。水流在主干河道行进时将挟带泥沙向连通支流扩散,因而计算河网泥沙输移时应考虑侧向出沙问题。根据作者在杭州西部河网若干测站进行的全年实时水位-流量和逐日泥沙实测资料,建立了适用河网的对数型非均匀沙挟沙能力公式,进而结合侧向出流首次导出了考虑时变侧向出沙的河网非均匀沙输移计算方法,据此改进了一维河网输沙微分方程和离散计算模式。经实测资料验证,计算与实测值符合良好。对杭州西部河网进行的输沙计算显示,侧向出沙约占淤积总量的11%,这意味着河网模型不考虑侧向出沙会造成较大的误差。     

Optimizing Operation Rules of Sluices in River Networks Based on Knowledge-driven and Data-driven Mechanism

Many river networks are controlled by sluices, especially in plain area. To prevent potential floods, maintain water level, and improve water environment in the inner river, the water transfer of river networks is needed and executed often in terms of optimized operation rules of sluices planned in advancing. To guarantee maintaining the optimized operation status, the provision of appropriate operating framework of sluices in river networks is necessary and presented in this study based on the knowledge-driven and data-driven mechanism. The general framework is formed by River Networks Mathematical Model (RNMM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithms (GA), in which, ANN is used to build a rapid simulation of the flow variables in river networks, RNMM is used to train the ANN model, and GA method, whose fitness function is constructed by the ANN model, is used to optimize the operation rules of sluices. As a demonstration, the framework was applied to water transfer project of the tidal river networks locating in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in mainland China. Firstly, RNMM of Pudong was built and validated according to observed data during water transfer tests. Then, the Backward Propagation Neural Networks (BPNN) model was established as the fast simulation tool of flow variables of river networks through the numerical experiments with RNMM. The Generalized Genetic Algorithms (GGA) was recommended as optimization algorithm of sluices operation rules. Through comparing the optimization results with the RNMM simulation outputs under eight cases, it is verified that the framework can offer sub-optimal operation rules of sluices in river networks and present excellent speediness, robustness and flexibility. It is encouraged to be applied to more complicated, practical problems.     

苏州河沿岸市政泵站放江特征分析

苏州河沿岸市政泵站的放江问题 ,是当前进一步改善和稳定苏州河水质需要解决的关键问题。泵站放江包括降雨放江 ,施工配合放江 ,旱流放江、试车放江和检修放江 5种情况。通过提高截流倍数 ,建设雨水调蓄池 ,疏通过江污水管 ,解决管道渗漏 ,增加回笼水设施等工程措施 ,有效减少了苏洲河沿岸市政泵站的排江水量和污染物总量     

七浦塘引水对阳澄湖河网水环境影响的模拟研究

为准确地衡量七浦塘引水工程的运行方式对阳澄湖及周边河网产生的影响,基于太湖水量水质模型设计了7种数值实验,从引水量和雨型两个角度对七浦塘引水对阳澄湖及周边河网造成的影响进行了评估,并定义了河网总体水质达标率作为评估标准。结果表明:七浦塘引水使得水量向阳澄湖北线和南线河道集中,在改善阳澄湖西湖水质的同时恶化了中东湖的水质;七浦闸引水量在20~40 m3/s之间时对提高河网水质总体达标率最为有利;引水对河网水质的影响具有显著的空间差异性;在不同雨情条件下,七浦塘引水调度均可在一定程度上改善河网和湖体的水质。