柔性管自激振动减阻效果的实验研究

在实验确认柔性管紊流减阻效果的基础上,采用双重管结构,对柔性管的自激振动减阻效果进行了实验研究。结果表明:管的壁厚越小自激振动的减阻率越大;在雷诺数约为2.2×104时,壁厚为2 mm,3 mm及4 mm的柔性管自激振动减阻率依次约为13%,10%,8%。     

柔管与紊流耦合减阻效果的初步研究

为探讨柔管与紊流耦合减阻的初步机理,采用双重管结构及激光传感测位仪,在通过实验确认柔性管与刚体管相比确有紊流减阻效果的基础上,对柔管的紊动振动特性及相应的紊流减阻效果以及二者的相关性进行了实验研究。结果表明：柔管的壁厚越小,管外壁振动的脉动位移越大,无量纲的猝发周期也越大,紊流减阻效果越好;柔管壁外为压力平衡空气且雷诺数约为17 500时,壁厚分别为2,3,4 mm柔管的无量纲猝发周期依次为141,126,105,这将为设计高效的流体输送技术提供了一种实验技术上的选择。     

弹性管湍流输水减阻的效果评价和应用前景分析

为开发弹性管减阻技术,通过双重管结构,在对弹性管外壁充入几乎与管内压力相平衡的压力空气的条件下,实验考察了弹性管湍流输水的减阻效果。研究结果表明:基于双重管的弹性管减阻特性的评价是可行的;弹性管的壁厚越小,减阻率越大,雷诺数越高,减阻效果越好。使用激光位移传感器对弹性管外壁的脉动振动特性测试表明,弹性管外壁的脉动振动幅度与弹性管减阻率之间存在正相关关系。认为弹性管湍流输水减阻在国内的应用潜力巨大。     

附属管对钻井隔水管涡激振动流动控制的研究

抑制钻井隔水管的涡激振动是海洋油气开发的一个重要课题。附属管线会改变隔水管附近的流场进而抑制隔水管的涡激振动。采用SST湍流模型数值模拟和风洞实验研究了亚临界流动区域的隔水管关键动力学因素。对于附属管中心距隔水管表面为0.2倍隔水管直径(D)的情况,研究结果表明:计算结果和实验结果较为吻合;不同布置方式和尺寸的附属管起到的抑制效果明显不同;当附属管按照4×0.1D×0o均匀排布时,抑制效果较好且管数较少,时均阻力系数和脉动升力系数均可以减少60%以上;考虑到实际工程应用中海水来流方向的易变性,发现8×0.1D的附属管总体抑制效果最好,减阻和减升分别能达到30%和70%以上。     

三峡永久船闸输水反向弧形阀门流激振动问题研究

本文采用原型观测、模拟试验和理论分析等手段,对三峡永久船闸高水头输水反向弧形阀门的流激振动问题进行深入研究。研究内容包括:(1)以五强溪船闸反向弧形阀的原型观测为基础,对三峡船闸反向弧形阀及输水廊道紊流场进行精细的数值模拟和试验研究,通过综合分析,对三峡反向弧形阀门可能出现的小开度强振区的振源进行预报。(2)研究符合金属结构水弹性相似的高容重、低弹模的特殊材料系列,并用该材料制成了1∶20三峡反向弧形阀的"完全水弹性相似"的流激振动模型;用该模型进行了实验(干)模态分析,并与有限元的理论模态分析相比较,二者符合较好,说明它的动力性能良好,可用于反向弧形阀门的各项水弹性振动问题研究;在大型减压箱中对三峡永久船闸反向弧形阀在输水过程中的紊流流激振动进行模拟,预报阀门结构的动力特性及动力响应。最后对减振、抗振措施提出相应建议。     

近壁紊流随机理论及其应用

本文概述了作者近年来在研究近壁紊流方面取得的成果。基于紊流具有多层次的涡旋结构,提出了近壁紊流的随机理论;通过对糙率尾部水流分离的研究,阐明了出现光滑区、过渡区和粗糙区的原因;通过统计分析,明确了处于从层流向紊流过渡状态下的紊动出现机率;基于对粘弹性流体方程式的分析,导出了含高分子聚合物紊流的减阻参教。应用上述理论,全面阐述了明渠流、管道流、边界层流和减阻流的时均结构、脉动结构和阻力规律,并得到了与现有试验资料一致的结果。     

附加附属管的隔水管涡激振动离散涡模拟

该文采用离散涡数值方法,对附加附属管的隔水管涡激振动问题进行了模拟。计算了配置4–10根附属管情况下隔水管涡激振动问题,将附加附属管后隔水管的受力系数、振幅与裸管的结果进行比较,同时也研究了不同来流攻角对附属管涡激振动的影响。结果表明,附加附属管后隔水管振幅与裸管相比,受力系数与振幅均有不同程度地减小,对隔水管涡激振动的抑制效果明显。不同数量的附属管对来流攻角的敏感性也各不相同,附加6、8和10根附属管都有很好的抑制效果,其中附加10根附属管对隔水管的抑制效果最好,减幅约达到50%,且对来流攻角的敏感性也最低。     

圆管流掺气减阻理论研究

本文研究了圆管中气液分层层流、分层紊流及掺气混合紊流情况下的阻力减小规律。理论研究表明，圆管中的气液分层层流、分层紊流，即在近壁层内充以空气，可以在相同的水流量下，使阻力下降，实现减阻。而掺气混合紊流时，只有当壁面附近的含气浓度大于圆管中心处的含气浓度时，才能在相同水流量下，使阻力下降，实现减阻     

高拱坝坝身泄洪流激振动水弹性模拟研究

研制了对混凝土坝及基岩进行水弹性模拟的新配方和材料，并用此材料成功地对黄河拉西瓦高拱坝坝身泄漏的流激振动进行水弹性模拟试验。在比尺为１：１５０的拱坝－地基－库水耦合系统的水弹性整体模型上，进行了实验模态分析，给出系统的空、满库的模态特性并与理论模态相比较；测定了拱坝坝身泄洪水舌跌落水垫塘消能时，紊流流振动的动力响应，定量地给出响应的强度和频谱；论证了高拱坝坝身泄洪的安全性。     

明渠流掺气增流减阻规律的理论研究

本文研究了明渠中气液分层层流、分层紊流情况下的水流量增加或阻力减小规律。研究表明,明渠中的气液分层层流、分层紊流,即在近壁层内充以空气,可以在相同条件下明显地增大明渠的水流量,实现有效的减阻。     

DRAG REDUCTION EFFECT OF COUPLING FLEXIBLE TUBES WITH TURBULENT FLOW

To analyze the mechanism of drag reducing effect by coupling flexible tubes with turbulent flow, based on experimental examination of more obvious turbulent drag reduction effect in flexible tubes than in rigid tubes, experimental investigation was performed on the effect of turbulent drag reduction, fluctuating vibration characteristics of flexible tube and the correlations by using a double-tube system and laser displacement sensor. The results are as follows： with the decrease of the thickness of the flexible tubes, the root mean square of fluctuating amplitude of the outer wall of the tubes increases, and the non-dimensional burst period increases, resulting in the increase of the reduction rate of drag coefficient by coupling flexible tubes with turbulent flow. At applied pressure-balanced air on the outer wall and the Reynolds number of about 1.75×10^4, the non-dimensional burst periods of the flexible tubes with the thickness of 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm are 141, 126, 105, respectively.     

INFLUENCE OF YOUNG'S MODULUS ON DRAG-REDUCTION IN TURBULENT FLOW USING FLEXIBLE TUBES

In order to develop technologies of friction drag reduction with a flexible tube to be used for water transport, experimental studies were carried out on the influence of Young's modulus on the turbulent drag reduction. The friction coefficients of flexible tubes with different Young's modulus were examined by using a sleeve-tube structure. The fluctuating vibration of the outer wall and the fluctuating pressure on the inner wall of the tubes were measured with a laser displacement sensor and a pressure sensor. The results are as follows. The smaller the Young's modulus of a flexible tube and the larger the Reynolds number, the larger the turbulent drag reduction rates become. The transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow can be delayed with an appropriate Young's modulus. Non-dimensional amplitude of fluctuating vibration on the outer wall is smaller than that of a viscous sub-layer thickness, and is positively correlated with the friction drag reduction.     

条纹薄膜减小湍流阻力的试验研究

本文从湍流边界层的相关结构出发，探讨了条纹薄膜减少湍流边界层阻力的机理，通过平板模型的水洞试验，研究了条纹薄膜的减阻作用。试验结果表明，条纹薄膜具有明显的减阻效果，最大降阻量大约为１０％。     

Drag reduction of wall bounded incompressible turbulent flow based on active dimples/pimples

The control of turbulence by dimples/pimples has drawn more and more attention. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the active dimples/pimples for the drag reduction in the incompressible turbulent flow. Firstly, the drag reduction by the opposition control based on active dimples/pimples at the lower wall is studied via the direct numerical simulation of the turbulent channel flow. It is found that large active dimples/pimples can not suppress the streamwise vortices significantly and thus almost no drag reduction is achieved. Small active dimples and pimples with the diameter of one fourth of the streak width can both reduce the friction drag, but pimples will induce a larger pressure drag than dimples. Then the suboptimal control scheme is examined based on small active dimples using the spanwise wall shear information only. It is shown that the friction drag decreases by about 4.5% but the total drag is only reduced by about 2.7% abated by the pressure drag. Compared with the actuation of the all-point blowing/suction or the all-point wall movement, the effectiveness of the turbulent drag reduction based on active shallow dimples is much smaller.     

Analysis of shear rate effects on drag reduction in turbulent channel flow with superhydrophobic wall

We examined the shear rate effect on drag reduction of superhydrophobic surfaces with different slip lengths. For this purpose, turbulent channel flow was considered at the friction Reynolds numbers of Reτ = 180, 395, 500. By using Navier＇s slip condition it is shown that increasing shear rate leads to the greater reduction in drag force and also more reduction occurs in larger slip length. Based on the results, more than 25% drag reduction happens at a friction Reynolds number of Reτ= 500 for slip length of 1 ×10 5 m. The simulation results suggest that reduction in drag force occurs because slip condition reduces the Reynolds stresses, also weakens vorticity filed and the near-wall coherent structures, and therefore turbulence production is decreased.     

肋条减阻

随着世界上能源消耗的不断上升，使人们不得不认真考虑如何有效的保护有限的能源，探求节约能源的新技术和新方法。湍流减阻就是在这种应用背景下提出在新课。经过二十多年的努力，特别是湍流理论的发展，使得湍流减阻理论和应用得到了突破性的进展。就减阻技术讲，有肋条减阻、聚合物减阻、大涡硫碎减阻、吹气和吸气减阻、微气泡减阻等，这些减阻技术一个共贩考虑，就是要控制边界层内的湍流结构，特别是拟序结构，减少湍能的耗损以     

仿生非光滑沟槽形状对减阻效果的影响

利用有限体积法对三角形、扇贝形和刀刃形三种仿生非光滑沟槽表面流场进行了数值计算.近壁面区采用B-L两层模型,远离壁面区采用雷诺应力模型.分析了三种沟槽非光滑表面的流场特性,对计算域中心 Z＝3mm平面的速度场和湍流统计量进行了研究,分析了不同沟槽形状对减阻效果的影响,为最佳减阻沟槽设计提供了理论依据.三种沟槽具有相同的特征尺寸,顶点间距 s＝0.1mm,沟槽尖顶到谷底高度 h=0.05mm,与光滑表面相比减阻效果分别为 3.2%、9.1%、9.7%,数值计算结果和风洞与油槽实验结果有较好的吻合.