故园情

置身于喧嚣的都市,眼里尽是灰色的楼群、飞驰的汽车、步履匆匆的行人,头顶是一线灰蒙蒙的天空,鼻孔里进出着污浊的空气,耳朵里充斥着无穷无尽的噪音,不由得使人常常想起家乡世外桃源般宁静的小山村.幽幽南山之下,四围山色之中,绿树掩映里,错落几户人家,潺潺溪水穿村而过,但闻鸡犬声,而无车马喧.家家养一两头牛羊,种两三亩薄田,务三四畦青菜,点四五架黄瓜.目之所及尽是青山绿水,两袖一甩,俱是明月清风.这就是我生于斯长于斯的家园.     

陈进副院长荣获湖北省环境保护政府奖

<正>2015年6月2日,在世界环境日来临之际,湖北省政府在洪山礼堂隆重召开大会表彰获得2015年"湖北省环境保护政府奖"的9个集体和6个个人,省政府、省人大和省政协领导共同为获奖集体和个人颁发了奖牌、奖章和证书。由长江水利委员会推荐,经湖北省环境保护政府奖评审委员会和环境奖评审领导小组先后评审、现场考察、审定和公示后,长江科学院副院长陈进获此殊荣。近10 a来,陈进副院长积极从事水资源及水环境保护科学普及工作,相关研究成果获得3项省部级以     

北京的母亲河上亟需实现"人水和谐"

1 永定河是北京的母亲河 1.1 北京城座落在永定河的洪积冲积扇上 洪荒时代,源自黄土高原的永定河,经过今天的山西、内蒙古、河北,咆哮而来,从上游携带的大量泥沙由于河道纵坡变缓而沉积.地势上西北高东南低,崇山峻岭从西北部缓缓倾斜,不断向东南延伸.燕山、太行山2条山脉在昌平南口的官沟交汇,形成一个向东南展开的状如围屏的弧形大山湾,地理学上称之为"北京湾".在其东南平原上,蜿蜒汇流着北京的5大水系:永定河、拒马河、温榆河、潮白河、泃河.其中以永定河最大,北京所在的平原就是在永定河洪积冲积扇的基础上形成的.从3000多a前的燕都蓟城,到852 a前的金中都城:从700多a前的元大都城到明清北京城,城址虽有所变迁,但都无一例外地建在永定河的洪积冲积扇上.     

抢险小水电贡献大作用——水利部抗震救灾阿坝工作组水电站抢险纪实

对于灾区人们来说,突如其来的强烈地震,是一段难以抹去的黑色记忆,他们凄迷的眼神,太多地渴盼光明和温暖.电--是他们重建家园的力量泉源.     

致深入抗震救灾第一线水利干部职工的慰问信

奋战在水利抗震救灾第一线的广大干部职工: 2008年5月12日14时28分,四川汶川发生了8.00级特大地震,给灾区人民的生命财产造成了巨大损失.在这场突如其来的地震灾害面前,广大水利干部职工与党中央、国务院和全国人民共同抗击,共克时艰.     

非大修期间对立式同步电动机油冷却器的漏水处理

1 基本情况 江苏省泗阳第一抽水站属于南水北调第四梯级站.该站装有TDTF-500/120-16/32立式同步电动机(可逆式)20台套.由于建站时间早,运行时间长,且冷却用水又常受到水质、水中微生物以及供水方式、压力等因素的影响,导致部分机组油冷却器水管产生不同程度的渗漏.而油冷却器水管一旦发生破裂漏水,特别是上油缸漏水,由于负压的存在,易产生虹吸现象,将油缸内的润滑油吸出,进而造成散热、润滑的中断,直至出现烧瓦.     

灾难降临我们感同身受——"5·12"四川汶川地震见闻

5月12日下午14时28分,正是中国三峡总公司成都基地相关部门职工上班时间.突然,大家都感觉到门窗哗哗作响,办公楼和公寓楼在剧烈震动,办公楼的天花板不断有物体下落,旋即停电,人们一片惊慌,纷纷跑出大楼.     

对构建和谐灌区建立减轻农民水费负担新机制的探讨

文章结合洛惠灌区近年来的工作经验,认为在社会主义市场经济深入发展的新形势下,"减负"必须遵循市场规律、价值规律,正确理解和区分农民合理负担和不合理负担,多管齐下,综合治理,既要有行政的手段,更要有法制的手段、经济的手段,大胆实践,建立科学的减负新机制,才能从根本上解决农民负担过重的问题.     

论述摘登

不要让民勤成为第二个罗布泊,这不仅仅是民勤一个地区的问题,更表达了国家改善生态环境的决心和意志. --中共中央政治局常委、国务院总理温家宝参加十一届全国人大一次会议甘肃代表团的审议时说     

山区梯田集成配套小型水工程的和谐性分析模型

针对山区梯田集成配套小型集引蓄排水工程的建设和运行使用,对因与工程区自然、人文社会经济环境不和谐,导致效益低下,土地、资金大量浪费,工程难以实现其期望价值等问题进行了分析.按工程与自然环境、人文社会相互耦合这一广义的复合系统观念,建立了一与梯田集成配套的小型水工程和谐性的分析模型,并在贵州毕节地区的实际工程中进行了应用.     

洪泽湖混合流数值模拟

本文通过构造一个二维开边界数值模式，对不同风情及出入湖流量组合情况下的洪泽湖混合流流态进行模拟研究，探讨其混合流特征。     

Feeding Ecology of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron

We determined diet composition, feeding strategy, prey size, and effects of prey type on food weight and energy in stomachs for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in Lake Huron during 2002–04. Age-0 lake whitefish (73–149 mm TL) ate mainly large-bodied cladoceran zooplankton in the summer (July–mid September). Medium lake whitefish (≤ 350 mm TL excluding age-0) generally ate softbodied macroinvertebrates, especially Chironomidae larvae and pupae, in the spring (mid May-June). Zooplankton, if eaten, were generally most important in the summer. Molluscs were generally a minor part of medium lake whitefish diets. Large lake whitefish (> 350 mm) mainly ate molluscs, particularly quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), despite geographic differences in mussel abundance. Large-bodied crustaceans (Diporeia spp., Mysis relicta, Isopoda) were a minor part of large lake whitefish diets. Lake whitefish demonstrated a flexible feeding strategy, with individual specialization on some prey and generalized feeding on others. The size of benthic prey (Diporeia spp., Chironomidae, and Dreissena spp.) eaten increased with fish size and influenced the energetic value of prey for medium and large lake whitefish. The type of prey eaten affected the food and energy intake differently for each size class of lake whitefish. Age-0 lake whitefish that ate mainly zooplankton had more food and energy in stomachs than fish eating shelled prey or other macroinvertebrates. On the other hand, food weight in stomachs did not differ across prey groups for medium fish, but energy in stomachs was lowest for fish that ate shelled prey. For large lake whitefish, there was no difference in food weight or energy in stomachs for different prey groups.     

Maturity Schedules of Lake Trout in Lake Michigan

We determined maturity schedules of male and female lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Michigan from nearshore populations and from an offshore population on Sheboygan Reef, which is located in midlake. Gill nets and bottom trawls were used to catch lake trout in fall 1994 and 1995 from two nearshore sites and Sheboygan Reef. Each lake trout was judged immature or mature, based on visual examination of gonads. Probit analysis, coupled with relative potency testing, revealed that age-at-maturity and length-at-maturity were similar at the two nearshore sites, but that lake trout from the nearshore sites matured at a significantly earlier age than lake trout from Sheboygan Reef. However, length at maturity for the nearshore populations was nearly identical to that for the offshore population, suggesting that rate of lake trout maturation in Lake Michigan was governed by growth rather than age. Half of the lake trout males reached maturity at a total length of 580 mm, whereas half of the females were mature at a length of about 640 mm. Over half of nearshore males were mature by age 5, and over half the nearshore females matured by age 6. Due to a slower growth rate, maturity was delayed by 2 years on Sheboygan Reef compared with the nearshore populations. Documentation of this delay in maturation may be useful in deciding stocking allocations for lake trout rehabilitation in Lake Michigan.     

Potential Strategies for Recovery of Lake Whitefish and Lake Herring Stocks in Eastern Lake Erie

Lake Erie sustained large populations of ciscoes (Salmonidae: Coregoninae) 120 years ago. By the end of the 19^th century, abundance of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) had declined drastically. By 1925, the lake herring (a cisco) population (Coregonus artedii) had collapsed, although a limited lake herring fishery persisted in the eastern basin until the 1950s. In the latter part of the 20^th century, the composition of the fish community changed as oligotrophication proceeded. Since 1984, a limited recovery of lake whitefish has occurred, however no recovery was evident for lake herring. Current ecological conditions in Lake Erie probably will not inhibit recovery of the coregonine species. Recovery of walleye (Sander vitreus) and efforts to rehabilitate the native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in Lake Erie will probably assist recovery because these piscivores reduce populations of alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), which inhibit reproductive success of coregonines. Although there are considerable spawning substrates available to coregonine species in eastern Lake Erie, eggs and fry would probably be displaced by storm surge from most shoals. Site selection for stocking or seeding of eggs should consider the reproductive life cycle of the stocked fish and suitable protection from storm events. Two potential sites in the eastern basin have been identified. Recommended management rocedures, including commercial fisheries, are suggested to assist in recovery. Stocking in the eastern basin of Lake Erie is recommended for both species, as conditions are adequate and the native spawning population in the eastern basin is low. For lake herring, consideration should be given to match ecophenotypes as much as possible. Egg seeding is recommended. Egg seeding of lake whitefish should be considered initially, with fingerling or yearling stocking suggested if unsuccessful. Spawning stocks of whitefish in the western basin of Lake Erie could be utilized.     

Nitrogen dry deposition to Lake Superior and Lake Michigan

Nitrate (NO₃^?) levels in Lake Superior have increased from historic levels of about 5?μM to its current concentration of about 25?μM. The atmosphere makes a substantial contribution to the nitrogen budgets for Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. This study provides a more well-defined estimate of nitrogen dry deposition rates derived from the measurement of over-water concentrations, and in situ meteorological measurements, which were input into the Resistance Model. We obtained a nitrogen dry deposition rate of [(3.41?±?2.26)?×?10⁷?kg?N/yr; (5.90?±?3.91)?kg?N/ha/yr] over Lake Michigan, and [(1.54?±?1.06)?×?10⁷?kg?N/yr; (1.87?±?1.27)?kg?N/ha/yr] over Lake Superior. Nitric acid (HNO₃), which originates from the combustion of fossil fuels, contributes 84% of the total nitrogen dry deposition to Lake Michigan; and 66% to Lake Superior. Ammonia (NH₃), which originates from agricultural activities and gasoline combustion, is the second highest contributor of nitrogen dry deposition to both lakes: contributing 13% to Lake Michigan and 32% to Lake Superior. The nitrogen dry deposition is approximately 68% of the nitrogen wet deposition over Lake Superior, and approximately 80% of wet deposition over Lake Michigan. The over-water dry deposition velocity of HNO₃ and NH₃ were also evaluated. We obtained morning deposition velocities of 0.099?cm/s for NH₃ and 0.095?cm/s for HNO₃; and afternoon values of 0.137?cm/s for NH₃ and 0.132?cm/s for HNO₃. Another key finding is that the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen compounds near Lake Michigan and Lake Superior have decreased since 2003.     

太湖梅梁湾、贡湖套网格风生流数值模拟

对太湖梅梁湖、贡湖湖流进行套网格数值模拟。根据1998年8月太湖富营养化水质监测水文物理资料,绘制出梅梁湖、贡湖各站点位置分布图和其流速大小和方向。模拟计算与实测结果吻合较好,证明其套网格数值模型的建立是合理和有效的。分析结果表明,太湖各水域流速相差很大,近岸区域流速高于远岸区域,存在明显的近岸流。但流速值不大,即梅梁湖、贡湖和大太湖的水体交换量不大,通过流场分布可初步判断污染物质在水体中的扩散与迁移情况。     

GPS?RTK?技术在青海湖容积测量中的应用

随着? GPS?的快速发展,RTK?测量技术也日益成熟,并逐步在测绘中得到应用.分析? GPS? RTK?技术在第一次水利普查青海湖容积测量中的应用,就? GPS? RTK?技术在水下地形测量中数据处理方法和野外测量优势进行探讨.在青海湖容积测量中的应用说明,RTK?技术改变了水下地形测量的作业模式,真正实现高精度、高效率,减轻了劳动强度,经过不断发展和完善,RTK?技术将改变测绘领域其他如控制测量、纵横断面测量、施工放样等的手段.     

Spatial Patterns in PCB Concentrations of Lake Michigan Lake Trout

Most of the PCB body burden in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the Great Lakes is from their food. PCB concentrations were determined in lake trout from three different locations in Lake Michigan during 1994–1995, and lake trout diets were analyzed at all three locations. The PCB concentrations were also determined in alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), bloater (Coregonus hoyi), slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus), and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), five species of prey fish eaten by lake trout in Lake Michigan, at three nearshore sites in the lake. Despite the lack of significant differences in the PCB concentrations of alewife, rainbow smelt, bloater, slimy sculpin, and deepwater sculpin from the southeastern nearshore site near Saugatuck (Michigan) compared with the corresponding PCB concentrations from the northwestern nearshore site near Sturgeon Bay (Wisconsin), PCB concentrations in lake trout at Saugatuck were significantly higher than those at Sturgeon Bay. The difference in the lake trout PCB concentrations between Saugatuck and Sturgeon Bay could be explained by diet differences. The diet of lake trout at Saugatuck was more concentrated in PCBs than the diet of Sturgeon Bay lake trout, and therefore lake trout at Saugatuck were more contaminated in PCBs than Sturgeon Bay lake trout. These findings were useful in interpreting the long-term monitoring series for contaminants in lake trout at both Saugatuck and the Wisconsin side of the lake.     

Lake trout in northern Lake Huron spawn on submerged drumlins

Recent observations of spawning lake trout Salvelinus namaycush near Drummond Island in northern Lake Huron indicate that lake trout use drumlins, landforms created in subglacial environments by the action of ice sheets, as a primary spawning habitat. From these observations, we generated a hypothesis that may in part explain locations chosen by lake trout for spawning. Most salmonines spawn in streams where they rely on streamflows to sort and clean sediments to create good spawning habitat. Flows sufficient to sort larger sediment sizes are generally lacking in lakes, but some glacial bedforms contain large pockets of sorted sediments that can provide the interstitial spaces necessary for lake trout egg incubation, particularly if these bedforms are situated such that lake currents can penetrate these sediments. We hypothesize that sediment inclusions from glacial scavenging and sediment sorting that occurred during the creation of bedforms such as drumlins, end moraines, and eskers create suitable conditions for lake trout egg incubation, particularly where these bedforms interact with lake currents to remove fine sediments. Further, these bedforms may provide high-quality lake trout spawning habitat at many locations in the Great Lakes and may be especially important along the southern edge of the range of the species. A better understanding of the role of glacially-derived bedforms in the creation of lake trout spawning habitat may help develop powerful predictors of lake trout spawning locations, provide insight into the evolution of unique spawning behaviors by lake trout, and aid in lake trout restoration in the Great Lakes.     

魏源湖赋

荆楚古邑,宝庆隆中。乙卯降魔,治水劈山,扼河兴湖,名弘魏源。彰群贤壮志,汗青碧湖;酬先哲宏愿,水映金潭。登高远眺,雪峰逶迤,资水蜿蜒;凌空俯瞰,黛镜平铺,翡玉精嵌。南北隽秀,西洋江、小沙江,江湖连环;东西妖娆,白马山、九龙山,山峦迭嶂。高州温泉,闻名遐迩,荷田钟乳,玲珑剔透,