一步法石煤提钒反萃液酸性铵盐沉钒试验研究

以一步法石煤提钒反萃液为研究对象,研究了最佳的沉钒初始条件以及沉钒时间、温度、p H、搅拌强度等对沉钒率和产物多聚钒酸铵(APV)质量的影响。为了解决酸性铵盐沉钒过程废水中NH+4过量的问题,需要使NH+4浓度尽可能的低,根据反萃液钒浓度、反萃液初始p H值和氨水用量三者之间的平衡关系,通过计算验证,确定沉钒的最佳初始条件是:反萃剂为8%H2SO4,反萃液钒浓度为19.91 g·L-1,反萃液初始p H=-0.18。酸性铵盐沉钒条件研究结果表明:沉钒p H值不同,沉淀产物APV的晶体类型也会存在差异,在p H=1.7~2.1和2.2~5.0的条件下,APV主要成分分别为NH4V3O8·0.5H2O和(NH4)2V6O16·1.5H2O;沉钒温度在20~50℃时,沉淀产物主要是Na V3O8·x H2O,多聚钒酸铵的沉淀反应并没有发生,温度50℃之后,沉钒产物才逐渐向NH4V3O8·0.5H2O转化;在最佳沉钒工艺:时间1 h、温度70~100℃、p H=1.9~2.0、搅拌强度400 r·min-1的条件下,沉钒率99%,APV纯度98%。     

从钒浸出液中沉淀结晶型钒酸铁试验研究

研究了常压下向钒浸出液中加入硫酸铁沉淀结晶型Fe4(VO4)4.5H2O,考察了温度、pH和添加剂C对沉淀产物钒酸铁的影响。对沉淀产物进行X-射线衍射(XRD)分析和电子扫描电镜观察,结果表明:沉淀产物的n(V)/n(Fe)和钒沉淀率随pH和温度的升高而下降;加入添加剂C有利于钒酸铁的结晶,同时提高产物的n(V)/n(Fe)和钒沉淀率;最佳沉淀条件为:pH为2~3,反应温度90℃,反应时间72 h,加入添加剂C,此条件下,沉淀产物为Fe4(VO4)4.5H2O,n(V)/n(Fe)接近于1,粒度尺寸主要分布在5~15μm范围内,钒沉淀率在97%以上,。     

提高酸性铵盐沉钒质量的探讨

针对酸性铵盐沉钒生产过程,优化了工艺参数和控制手段,为生产高品位的V2O3提供优质的原料。主要讨论了含钒浸出液浓度、铵盐加入量、沉钒温度、反应时间、pH值、搅拌条件及板框压滤过程中洗涤条件等因素对酸性铵盐沉钒法制备的多聚钒酸铵(APV)质量的影响。结果表明:含钒浸出液钒浓度为25～35 g/L,采用两次加酸工艺,沉淀终点温度95℃,沉淀反应时间约35 min,APV滤饼洗涤时间20 min,洗涤水温度在75℃左右,压榨吹风时间80 min,风压≥0.5 MPa,滤饼厚度≤25 mm等工艺条件下,可降低沉淀产物多聚钒酸铵的杂质含量,从而提高产品质量。     

高密度多钒酸铵制备技术研究

介绍一种高密度多钒酸铵的制备方法,研究TV浓度、pH、搅拌速度、加药与酸温度、加铵系数以及晶种对多钒酸铵的堆密度和沉钒率的影响。研究结果表明:以含钒20～30 g/L的溶液在60～85℃加入大于1/50倍于全钒质量的晶种和1.5～2.5倍于全钒质量的硫酸铵后,用硫酸调节pH到2.1～2.4,沸水浴95℃依次在350 r/min和200 r/min转速下分别沉淀40 min和20 min,可获得98.5%以上的沉钒率,烘干后的APV堆密度大于0.95 g/cm3,APV焙烧后的粉钒中含V2O5大于98.5%,Na2O小于0.10%。     

铵盐沉钒过程产物形貌控制技术研究

采用酸性铵盐沉钒工艺沉淀多钒酸铵,研究了钒液浓度、沉淀pH值、铵盐加入量、沉淀时间、沉淀温度对沉淀产物多钒酸铵(APV)形貌的影响。结果表明:在沉钒pH=2.2,加铵系数K=2.3,70℃以上反应30 min即可获得球形的APV产品,且沉钒率99%。稳定试验结果验证了沉钒条件的可靠性,通过APV产品形貌的控制,可获得高品质APV产品,且保持较高的钒收率。     

高浓度钠化钒液制备多钒酸铵的研究

为解决高浓度钠化钒液采用酸性铵盐工艺沉淀多钒酸铵困难的问题,以高浓度钠化钒液为研究对象,采用滴加法沉钒工艺进行酸性铵盐沉钒。试验结果表明:采用滴加沉钒工艺,控制反应p H为2.30、反应温度T为90℃、加铵系数K为1.0、A晶种加入量为10%时,沉钒率达到99%以上,多钒酸铵中TV含量为50.51%,Na2O为0.089%,S为0.074%,煅烧后,五氧化二钒产品质量符合YB/T5304—2011要求。此沉钒新方法可实现产能提高、能耗降低、废水处理量减少与生产成本大幅降低等效益。     

从酸浸石煤的萃取液中沉淀多聚钒酸铵

进行了酸浸石煤萃取铵盐直接沉钒的工艺研究,对沉钒的主要影响因素,如中按系数、溶液pH值、沉钒时间、温度等均进行了详细实验,得出了合理的沉钒工艺参数：在pH=4.0,加铵系数3.5;沉钒时间60～90min,以及温度不低于80℃的条件下,从含钒16～20g/L的萃取液中沉钒,沉钒率可达98%以早,产品质量达国家标准。标准还表明,由于SO∧2-4,CO∧2-3,Na∧ ,Cl∧-等的影响,从酸浸石煤萃取液沉钒与从水浸液沉钒相比, 一些工艺参数如pH、KNH3等较大差别。     

三聚氰胺沉钒试验研究

以钒渣钠化焙烧工艺得到的碱性钒净化液为原料,分析了溶液中V、Na以及杂质Si、P的含量,研究了三聚氰胺代替常规铵盐作为沉淀剂的酸性铵盐沉钒新工艺,并探讨了溶液中Na含量对沉钒效果的影响。结果表明:采用三聚氰胺沉钒,在沉钒剂用量n(C_3H_6N_6)/n(TV)=0.3、pH=2.0、沉钒温度90℃及沉钒时间45 min的条件下,沉钒率大于98%,得到的钒沉淀物经500℃煅烧3 h,可以获得满足标准的粉状V_2O_5,且沉钒废水中V和NH_4~+含量极低,简化了后续的废水处理工序。该工艺适合于n[Na]/n[V]≤5.0的溶液体系,试验效果良好。     

硫磷混酸体系中钒的萃取实验研究

以某高磷钒矿直接活化硫酸浸出并经预净化的溶液作为研究对象,用N263进行萃取反萃后经过直接沉钒,制得V2O5产品.实验主要研究了水相平衡pH、萃取剂浓度、添加剂浓度、相比、逆流萃取及反萃级数对硫磷混酸体系中钒萃取率的影响.实验确定了N263最佳萃取工艺条件:有机相浓度取15%N263-5%仲辛醇-磺化煤油,O/A=1:3,常温振荡10 min,常温静置10 min,萃取平衡pH=2,经5级逆流萃取,钒的萃取率可达99.51%;最佳反萃工艺条件:反萃剂浓度取1 mol·L-1 NH4 OH4 mol·L-1 NaCl,O/A=3:1,常温振荡10 min,常温静置10 min,反萃平衡pH=8.5,经4级逆流反萃,钒的反萃率可达99.58%;经直接沉钒所得V2O5产品质量达到99.54%,符合GB3283-87V2O598质量要求.     

从熟化石煤水浸液中溶剂萃取——沉淀钒

针对石煤熟化水浸浸出液除杂后的溶液钒含量低、杂质含量高、不能直接沉钒的特点,研究了采用溶剂萃取—沉淀—煅烧工艺回收钒。萃取采用6级逆流萃取,4级逆流反萃取,以50%P204+10%TBP+40%磺化煤油为有机溶剂,水相初始pH=1.5,Vo∶Va=1∶1,萃取时间5min,用1.5mol/L H2SO4溶液反萃取,反萃取液用NaClO3氧化钒至五价,用氨水调pH沉淀多钒酸铵,多钒酸铵煅烧后得到98.5%的五氧化二钒。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.