贝氏体钢轨矫直前后回火的组织性能分析

利用TEM、磁性分析法和拉伸试验对矫直前后回火贝氏体钢轨显微组织、残余奥氏体含量、稳定性以及拉伸性能进行分析。结果表明:与矫直前回火相比,矫直后回火获得贝氏体钢轨的显微组织为无碳化物贝氏体+少量残余奥氏体和M/A+微量回火马氏体;抗拉强度平均提高139 MPa;屈服强度平均提高138 MPa;残余奥氏体机械稳定性明显提高;贝氏体钢轨强韧性优良。     

回火工艺对热轧U20Mn2SiCrNiMo贝氏体钢轨组织性能的影响

U20Mn2SiCrNiMo贝氏体钢轨的生产流程为150 t 转炉-LF-VD-280 mm×380 mm铸坯 轧制,终轧930~980 ℃,空冷-340 ℃ 4 h两次回火,空冷。U20Mn2SiCrNiMo钢热轧态(终轧930~980 ℃空冷）和(320 ℃一、二次回火)组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组成。力学性能试验结果表明：U20Mn2SiCrNiMo钢轨最佳回火工艺为320 ℃ 4 h空冷+320 ℃ 4 h空冷二次回火,其性能为：屈服强度1242 MPa,抗拉强度1393 MPa,HBW硬度值417,伸长率15.0%,断面收缩率60%,冲击吸收功K_U2 98 J,轨底纵向残余应力+180 MPa。     

回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

研究了淬火后不同温度回火对Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢显微组织与力学性能的影响.结果表明,采用淬火后回火的工艺可以显著提高Si-Mn-Mo系贝氏体钢的强度和塑性.淬火后300℃回火与350℃回火,该钢的力学性能相差不大,而450℃回火后强度、硬度相对较低,韧塑性略有提高.组织观察表明,该钢为贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体(片状和块状M-A岛)的复合组织,适当温度回火可以促进块状M-A岛分解,增加板条铁素体含量,提高残余奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而稳定其组织性能..     

锰对贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体回火稳定性的影响

为探索锰含量的变化(锰质量分数为0.1%(0.1Mn钢)和1.5%(1.5Mn钢))对无碳化物贝氏体钢中残余奥氏体(RA)回火稳定性的影响,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及透射电镜(TEM)等试验方法对残余奥氏体稳定性和力学性能的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,0.1Mn钢的热轧态组织主要是由粒状贝氏体(GB)+板条贝氏体(LB)组成,而1.5Mn钢的热轧态组织主要以板条贝氏体为主,且1.5Mn钢中残余奥氏体含量较高,屈服强度和抗拉强度均优于0.1Mn钢。在经过300～500℃回火后,残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐下降至完全分解,屈服强度和抗拉强度均表现为先升高后降低,但伸长率逐步增加。300℃回火性能最佳,原因主要是由于残余奥氏体在300℃回火中,块状残余奥氏体分解为过饱和马氏体/贝氏体,碳从过饱和马氏体/贝氏体中扩散至邻近残余奥氏体中使其含量增加,热稳定性得到提高,在拉伸的过程中产生了TRIP效应,从而使试验钢的强塑性得到提升。1.5Mn钢的性能明显优于0.1Mn钢,因为锰可以与碳产生协同作用共同促进奥氏体的稳定,提高伸长率,另外锰含量的增加使碳当量也提高,强度增强。基于修...     

70Si3MnCrMo钢中贝氏体及其回火稳定性

 对一种新型70Si3MnCrMo钢进行了等温和连续冷却贝氏体相变热处理。利用拉伸和冲击试验研究试验钢的力学行为,利用XRD、SEM和TEM等方法对试验钢进行了相组成分析和微观组织形貌观察。研究结果表明,试验钢经等温贝氏体相变,其最佳综合力学性能出现在200 ℃回火,强塑积为26.4 GPa·%。经连续冷却贝氏体相变,其最佳综合力学性能出现在300 ℃回火,强塑积达到28.6 GPa·%。回火温度较低的情况下,热处理后的组织为由贝氏体铁素体和残余奥氏体组成的无碳化物贝氏体组织,这种无碳化物贝氏体由超细贝氏体铁素体板条而获得超高强度,由一定量的高碳残余奥氏体来保证较高的塑性和韧性。试验钢经连续冷却贝氏体相变,其贝氏体铁素体板条中出现了超细亚单元,并且残余奥氏体呈薄膜状和小块状两种形态分布于贝氏体铁素体板条之间,这两种形态残余奥氏体的稳定性不同。拉伸试样在变形过程中残余奥氏体持续发生TRIP效应,直至全部残余奥氏体都发生转变生成应变诱发马氏体,从而使钢得到更好的强、塑性配合,表现出十分优异的综合性能。     

HB400级高强度准贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织与性能

研究了热轧、低温回火和热轧、正火、低温回火及轧态不同温度回火工艺对新型HB400级高强度准贝氏体耐磨钢板的组织和力学性能及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明，2种状态下耐磨板的组织由贝氏体铁索体(BF)和残余奥氏体(AR)组成，具有良好的强韧性及耐磨性能。低温回火可以改善耐磨钢板的韧性。新型耐磨钢板具有较强的回火抗力。用准贝氏体钢生产高强度耐磨板具有生产工艺简单，成本低廉等特点。     

热处理工艺对NM450耐磨钢组织与性能的影响

对控轧控冷工艺生产的16 mm厚度规格NM450耐磨钢板进行930℃+保温20 min淬火、200℃+保温25 min回火处理,并对热轧态、淬火态及回火态的钢板取样进行组织性能分析。结果表明,热轧后钢板组织为铁素体+珠光体以及少量贝氏体,淬火组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体以及少量贝氏体,回火组织为马氏体+残余奥氏体+针状贝氏体。试验钢淬火+回火处理后Rm1 378 MPa,A5021.5%,-20℃夏比冲击功61 J,表面布氏硬度443 HBW,具有良好的综合力学性能。     

回火工艺对贝氏体钢轨组织性能影响研究

利用TEM、磁性分析法、液压伺服万能材料试验机对不同回火温度和二次回火的贝氏体钢轨组织性能进行分析.结果表明,350℃回火时,贝氏体钢轨残余奥氏体稳定,冲击韧性和-20℃断裂韧性较好;325℃保温10 h二次回火比325℃保温4 h二次回火得到的伸长率及断面收缩率更好,适用于实际生产工艺.     

不同热处理工艺对0.29C-Mn-Si-Cr钢组织与性能的影响

研究了不同热处理工艺对0.29C-Mn-Si-Gr中碳贝氏体钢的组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,空冷及油冷后的中碳钢的拉伸强度分别为1 575 MPa、1 580 MPa;随着回火温度的升高,中碳钢的塑性提高,强度下降,强度积下降,在550℃回火时出现回火脆性现象,塑性明显降低;经过淬火-碳分配(Q-P)工艺处理后的中碳钢在保证强度的同时,使得钢的塑性提高到22.9%,强塑积提高到30.2 GPa·%。同时,Q-P工艺处理后的钢的冲击韧性明显改善,冲击功由空冷的78 J提高到99.5 J。力学性能改善的原因归根于Q-P处理的钢的组织主要是由马氏体和贝氏体组成的,同时有少量的残余奥氏体形成,通过控制残余奥氏体和马氏体的含量改善试样钢的力学性能。     

核岛用P280GH钢的冷却相变过程及数值模拟

 为了研究核岛用P280GH钢管热轧成形后的冷却过程组织演变,采用物理模拟方法建立了CCT和TTT相变动力学曲线。结果表明,低冷速会形成粗大铁素体和珠光体,增大冷速可细化低温相组织,当冷速超过10 ℃/s时即开始出现贝氏体组织。运用叠加原理,基于有限元法,建立了试验钢冷却过程数值模型,分析了[?]219.1 mm×18.26 mm规格P280GH钢管在空冷和水冷两种冷却过程沿壁厚方向温度场、组织演变规律。结果显示,空冷条件相变组织为均匀的珠光体、无贝氏体和残余奥氏体;水冷条件获得相变组织为马氏体组织,管内外表面体积分数相差3.6%,计算结果与实际热处理工况基本一致。研究结果可为热轧P280GH钢管生产的控冷工艺提供指导。     

残留奥氏体对微纳贝氏体钢塑韧性的影响

采用高碳和中碳低温贝氏体转变工艺（095C钢为200℃等温10d，030C钢为320℃等温1d）研究了残留奥氏体对微纳结构钢塑韧性的影响，对不同试样的显微组织、各相体积分数、伸长率和冲击韧性进行观察、检测和分析。试验结果表明，中碳钢贝氏体转变的塑韧性明显高于高碳钢贝氏体转变，主要原因是中碳钢贝氏体转变中存在一定的亚微米级薄膜状残留奥氏体，在拉伸或冲击过程中引起的残留奥氏体的塑性变形，使断裂的能量增加，可以显著提高样品的塑韧性。     

等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢组织及耐磨性的影响

设计了一种0.7C的低合金超细贝氏体钢,并通过膨胀仪、二体磨损实验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及能谱仪,研究了不同等温淬火温度对超细贝氏体钢的贝氏体相变动力学、微观组织以及干滑动摩擦耐磨性的影响,揭示超细贝氏体钢在二体磨损条件下的耐磨性能和磨损机理.研究结果表明,不同等温温度下的超细贝氏体钢都由片层状贝氏体铁素体和薄膜状以及块状的残留奥氏体组成;随着等温温度的升高,超细贝氏体的相变速率提高,相变孕育期及相变完成时间缩短,但贝氏体铁素体板条厚度增加,残留奥氏体含量增加,硬度值有所降低;超细贝氏体钢磨损面形貌以平直的犁沟为主,主要的磨损机理为显微切削;不同等温温度下所获得的超细贝氏体的耐磨性能都优于回火马氏体,且随着等温温度的降低,耐磨性能提高.其中在250℃等温所获得的超细贝氏体钢具有最优的耐磨性能,其相对耐磨性为回火马氏体的1.28倍.这主要与超细贝氏体钢中贝氏体铁素体板条的细化及磨损过程中残留奥氏体的形变诱导马氏体相变（TRIP）效应有关.      

轧后热处理温度对热轧钢轨组织和性能的影响

 通过在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上对珠光体钢轨的轧后热处理模拟试验,研究了热轧后不同加热温度进行奥氏体化后,同一等温温度下得到的珠光体轨钢的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明：与热轧态相比,热处理后的钢轨钢在保持硬度稳定的基础上,冲击韧性随着奥氏体化温度降低得到明显改善。观察轧后热处理钢轨的组织,从原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸、相变后珠光体组织中珠光体域的尺寸和珠光体片层间距大小等方面,对轧后热处理温度对热轧钢轨性能的影响规律和原因进行了分析,阐明了轧后热处理温度对于控制珠光体钢轨的组织和性能的影响作用。     

Correlation of rolling condition,microstructure, and low-temperature toughness of X70 pipeline steels

Correlation of rolling conditions, microstructure, and low-temperature toughness of high-toughness X70 pipeline steels was investigated in this study. Twelve kinds of steel specimens were fabricated by vacuum-induction melting and hot rolling, and their microstructures were varied by rolling conditions. Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact test and drop-weight tear test (DWTT) were conducted on the rolled steel specimens in order to analyze low-temperature fracture properties. Charpy impact test results indicated that the energy transition temperature (ETT) was below −100 °C when the finish cooling temperature range was 350 °C to 500 °C, showing excellent low-temperature toughness. The ETT increased because of the formation of bainitic ferrite and martensite at low finish cooling temperatures and because of the increase in effective grain size due to the formation of coarse ferrites at high finish cooling temperatures. Most of the specimens also showed excellent DWTT properties as the percent shear area well exceeded 85 pct, irrespective of finish rolling temperatures or finish cooling temperatures, although a large amount of inverse fracture occurred at some finish cooling temperatures.     

Austempering of Hot Rolled SiMn TRIP Steels

 The austempering after hot rolling in hot rolled Si Mn TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels was investigated. The mechanism of TRIP was discussed through examination of the microstructure and the mechanical properties of this kind of steel. The results showed that the strain induced transformation to martensite of retained austenite occurs in hot rolled Si Mn TRIP steels. The sample exhibited a good combination of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation when it was held at the bainite transformation temperature after hot deformation. The stability of retained austenite increases with an increase in isothermal holding time, and a further increase in the holding duration resulted in the decrease of stability. The mechanical properties were optimal when holding for 25 min, and tensile strength and total elongation reached the maximum values (774 MPa and 33%, respectively).     

残留奥氏体对中碳双相钢冲击性能的影响

采用不同的热处理工艺研究了残留奥氏体对中碳双相钢冲击韧性的影响。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和摆锤式冲击试验机,对不同试样的显微组织与冲击韧性进行观察、检测和分析。试验结果表明：中碳贝氏体钢的冲击性能显著高于Q/P马氏体钢（室温冲击功是57J对应15J,-40℃冲击功是33J对应9J）,可能的原因是贝氏体钢中薄膜状残留奥氏体,对裂纹扩展的阻止效应更显著。     

Notch-Fatigue Properties of Advanced TRIP-Aided Bainitic Ferrite Steels

To develop a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided bainitic ferrite steel (TBF steel) with high hardenability for a common rail of the next generation diesel engine, 0.2?pct C-1.5?pct Si-1.5?pct Mn-0.05?pct Nb TBF steels with different contents of Cr, Mo, and Ni were produced. The notch-fatigue strength of the TBF steels was investigated and was related to the microstructural and retained austenite characteristics. If Cr, Mo, and/or Ni were added to the base steel, then the steels achieved extremely higher notch-fatigue limits and lower notch sensitivity than base TBF steel and the conventional structural steels. This was mainly associated with (1) carbide-free and fine bainitic ferrite lath structure matrix without proeutectoid ferrite, (2) a large amount of fine metastable retained austenite, and (3) blocky martensite phase including retained austenite, which may suppress a fatigue crack initiation and propagation.     

New thermomechanical strategy for production of high strength low alloyed multiphase steel showing transformation induced plasticity effect

Abstract

In the past few years a lot of research was carried out on the development of transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) assisted multiphase steels. Two principal ways were proposed: (i) controlled cooling during the hot rolling process to obtain hot rolled TRIP assisted multiphase steels and (ii) the combination of intercritical annealing and isothermal holding at bainite formation temperatures during continuous annealing resulting in cold rolled TRIP assisted steel products. Unfortunately, both thermomechanical methods proposed require a high silicon level to inhibit cementite precipitation to avoid a loss of stability for the metastable retained austenite. In addition, due to high silicon levels, red scale surface defects appear and only moderate hot dip galvanisability is possible. In this paper a new thermomechanical strategy for the production of high strength low alloyed TRIP assisted multiphase steels with good hot dip galvanisability and without red scale defects will be presented.