ICP-AES分析技术的发展及其在冶金分析中的应用

评述了近 2 0年来ICP AES分析技术的发展及其在冶金分析中的应用。内容包括 :ICP AES的发展历程、ICP AES分析方法的特性、ICP AES仪器的发展、在冶金分析中的应用现状、发展趋势。文中引用文献 6 2篇。     

流动注射原子光谱联用技术及其在矿冶分析中的应用

简述了流动注射原子光谱联用技术及其在矿冶分析中的应用。内容包括 :流动注射与原子吸收光谱分析、ICP AES和ICP MS联用系统。引用文献 61篇。     

用HPLC／ICP—MS法测定铽中稀土元素

本文对高纯铽和氧化铽中稀土杂质的测定方法进行了研究。由于ICP—MS方法灵敏度高,它常用于包括稀土在内的超微量元素的分析。当以ICP—MS法测定高纯铽中的稀土元素时,由于基体干扰,被测元素的离子强度降低20～80％,而巳由于~(159)Tb~(16)O的影响,~(175)Lu不能测定。 本文作者曾对铽中稀土杂质分析的HPLC/ICP—AES方法做过报道,在此方法中,铽和稀土杂质用HPLC柱分离,随后以ICP-AEE法进行测定。本文对ICP—MS法与HPLC的联用技术进行了论述。稀土杂质的检出限为0.nppm。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱技术新进展

综述了 1999～ 2 0 0 2年间国外电感耦合等离子体质谱技术 (ICP MS)的新进展 ,包括ICP MS的应用范围、ICP MS系统的理论研究和技术改进、激光烧蚀 -ICP MS、电热蒸发 -ICP MS、同位素稀释 -ICP MS、流动注射 -ICP MS、毛细管电泳 -ICP MS以及一些多级联用技术等方面的研究进展 ,引用参考文献 2 2 2篇     

用LA—ICP—MS定量分析金属中元素总量、酸不溶物含量及夹杂物组分

使用LA－ICP－MS定量分析了金属中（Mtotal.)M总量、（Minsol)M酸不溶物含量及夹杂物组分，将LA－ICP－MS测量的（Fe-M,Fe-10%Ni-M和Fe-0.2%C-M(M=Ti,Al和Ce）}合金中Mtotal.和Minsol含量与用化学分析法测是的结果对比，用LA－ICP－MS检测了玻璃或金属样品表面经合粒子和混合夹杂物，其结果与EPMA（电子探针显微分析）和化学分析的结果作对比，发现LA－ICP－MS方法非常适合检测元素的总量和酸不溶物含量及粒子直径在1－100um范围内的夹杂物组分。     

测定钢铁及合金中酸溶铝方法的比较

对光度法,滴定法,ICP—AES,ICP—MS这几种常用测定钢铁及合金中酸溶铝方法的优缺点,方法要点和干扰情况以及消除干扰的办法进行了比较和研究。着重研究了ICP—AES法的干扰情况以及消除干扰的办法。     

有色金属矿石及其金属的分析进展——庆祝昆明冶金研究院分析室成立50周年

叙述了昆明冶金研究院分析室自1953年至2003年在滴定分析、吸光光度分析、极谱分析、原子吸收和原子发射光谱分析以及ICP—AES等分析方面取得的主要成绩。     

ICP-MS中预分离方法的进展

评述了用于电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (ICP MS)的无机分析预分离方法。着重讨论了溶剂萃取法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法及电解法等联用分离技术的进展。引用文献 47篇。     

氨水络合分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高温合金中痕量银

详细研究了ICP MS测定银时93Nb1 6 O+ 和91 Zr1 6 O+ 对1 0 9Ag+ 和1 0 7Ag+ 干扰和消除干扰的方法 ,建立了氨水络合分离-ICP MS测定高温合金中痕量银的方法。在 pH9氨性介质中 ,银和氨络合保留在溶液中 ,锆和铌生成沉淀而被分离 ,消除了铌和锆的干扰。加Re或Rh内标校正仪器漂移和基体效应 ,以ICP MS测定。测定结果准确可靠 ,方法的测定范围为0.0 0 0 0 0 5 %～ 0 .0 1% ,检出限为 0.0 0 0 0 0 3 %。     

2011年冶金及材料分析检测人员培训通知

为提高我国分析检测人员的技术能力,确保实验室向社会提供检测结果的准确性和可靠性,应冶金及材料检测实验室及广大分析技术工作者的需求,中国金属学会分析测试分会协同钢铁研究总院分析测试培训中心将于2011年在北京.钢铁研究总院举办四期包含拉伸试验、XRF、ICP、火花光谱、金相分析以及冶金材料化学成分分析测量不确定度评定等共十二个班次的冶金及材料分析检测技术培训班,并分别在上海、北京、成都和广州举办四期金属材料拉伸试验方法国家标准(GB/T 228.1-     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.     

Sex differences in ethanol-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens and in ethanol consumption in rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Heatstroke in runners in Oklahoma

It is a common opinion that general surgery is the first step for whoever approaches a surgical discipline, and that whoever practices training in general surgery should learn the rudiments of each surgical branch. The role of microsurgery in the training of the general surgeon has not been well-established. Clinical applications of microsurgery in general surgery are few and are rarely required, and have been connected strictly to restricted indications. However, we think that microsurgery could be very useful to the general surgeon because it allows the execution of experimental research on rats, the only possibility permitted by law. In these studies the microsurgeon can perform many times and in a short time the same surgical operation, thus improving his skill, and easily getting familiarity with surgical instruments and sutures.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

The change in laser usage in gastroenterology--the status in 1997

Since the establishing of laser technology in gastroenterology there has been a change in the indications for laser therapy and numerous new laser systems have been introduced in basic and clinical research. First the argon laser and later on the Nd:YAG laser were used mainly for bleeding peptic lesions, today emphasis is on palliative desobliteration of advanced esophageal and rectosigmoidal carcinoma. Moreover, in selected cases it is used for curative ablation of early carcinoma and dysplasia. A new field of application is photocoagulation of the "watermelon stomach". Despite of promising ablation results the erbium:YAG and holmium:YAG laser became not yet established in gastroenterology. Also the KTP laser is rarely used e.g. for treatment of telangiectasia. Difficult bile duct stones can be highly effective fragmented intracorporally by means of laser lithotripsy; an automatic stone-tissue discrimination system avoids uncontrolled injury of the bile ducts. The hitherto experimental interstitial laser therapy of primary and secondary liver malignancies shows excellent results, but online monitoring of the expansion of the necrosis is still a problem. Thermal probes, MRT technology and duplex sonography are under current evaluation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now, after numerous pilot studies, investigated with larger numbers of patients. First results show a marked effectiveness in ablation of dysplasia and mucosal carcinoma. The photosensitizer 5-aminolaevulinic acid seems to be particularly effective for ablation of Barrett's mucosa and m-THPC for treatment of local carcinoma. Palliative PDT of bile duct cancer may help to avoid repeated endoprosthetic treatment. The possibilities and limitations of light induced fluorescence diagnostics of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ is now being evaluated intensively. This method might in future facilitate the endoscopic diagnosis of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.     

Selenium status in soils in Yugoslavia

In the last 8 years, a number of data on selenium (Se) content and distribution in the soil of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) became available. The Se content of the soil in Yugoslavia varies in a broad range 39 to 440 microg/kg (mean value 230 microg/kg; n = 284). The soil clay fraction is rich in Se (range 146 to 586 microg/kg) in relation to sand and silt fractions. The available Se content (after extraction with ammonium acetate and EDTA) varies in the range of 1.2 to 28.2% of the total Se content. The speciation of Se is shown for the soils derived from volcanic rocks in Serbia. In addition, the influence of some soil properties on the Se content, as well as its content in the rocks, sediment, and wild plants in Yugoslavia, is discussed. The geographical distribution of Se in the soil of Yugoslavia shows that it is found in inadequate amounts in many agricultural regions. Its low content in soil has been thought to be associated with a higher incidence of some diseases. The Se content of the soil in Yugoslavia is not fully known. There is a great need to make a systematic geochemical mapping for Se and other trace elements in the soil.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Infectious diseases in Poland in 1996

Flight activity of insects comprises one of the most intense biochemical processes known in nature, and therefore provides an attractive model system to study the hormonal regulation of metabolism during physical exercise. In long-distance flying insects, such as the migratory locust, both carbohydrate and lipid reserves are utilized as fuels for sustained flight activity. The mobilization of these energy stores in Locusta migratoria is mediated by three structurally related adipokinetic hormones (AKHs), which are all capable of stimulating the release of both carbohydrates and lipids from the fat body. To exert their effects intracellularly, these hormones induce a variety of signal transduction events, involving the activation of AKH receptors, GTP-binding proteins, cyclic AMP, inositol phosphates and Ca2+. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the research into AKH signaling. This not only includes the effects of the three AKHs on each of the signaling molecules, but also crosstalk between signaling cascades and the degradation rates of the hormones in the hemolymph. On the basis of the observed differences between the three AKHs, we have tried to construct a physiological model for their action in locusts, in order to answer a fundamental question in endocrinology: why do several structurally and functionally related peptide hormones co-exist in locusts (and animals in general), when apparently one single hormone would be sufficient to exert the desired effects? We suggest that the success of the migratory locust in performing long-distance flights is in part based on this neuropeptide multiplicity, with AKH-I being the strongest lipid-mobilizing hormone, AKH-II the most powerful carbohydrate mobilizer and AKH-III, a modulatory entity that predominantly serves to provide the animal with energy at rest.