应用分析对轧钢加热炉节能潜力的探讨

对韶钢宽板厂加热炉平衡和热平衡计算分析,表明研究平衡和热平衡对节能潜力分析的不同,可以从燃烧和传热角度寻找新的节能技术与措施。在应用蓄热式燃烧、富氧燃烧等节能技术时,重点研究效率的提高,进而减少燃烧和传热过程不可逆损失。分析表明:热送热装配合蓄热式燃烧技术形成高温快轧工艺,是减少燃烧和传热过程不可逆损失较好方式之一,可大幅提高效率。     

板坯蓄热式加热炉热诊断分析

通过对板坯蓄热式加热炉热平衡的测试,分析了加热炉热效率和燃料燃烧效率,确定了加热炉生产率、燃烧空气消耗系数和炉墙表面散热温度等因素对加热炉实际能量消耗的影响,提出了宽厚板蓄热式加热炉改进燃烧控制、强化炉墙隔热保温与炉内传热及提高钢坯热装率等节能措施与建议。     

宽厚板蓄热式加热炉热诊断分析

通过宽厚板蓄热式加热炉热平衡测试,分析了加热炉热效率和燃料燃烧效率．确定加热炉生产率、燃烧空气消耗系数、炉墙表面散热温度等因素对加热炉实际能量消耗的影响,提出宽厚板蓄热式加热炉改进燃烧控制、强化炉墙隔热保温与炉内传热、提高钢坯热装率等节能措施与建议。     

及其在节能中的应用(续)

如前文所述,从(火用)(以下用E表示)的概念出发,在任何不可逆过程中必然会发生E向(火无)(以下用A代表)的转变,并使E的总量减少,这就是所谓不可逆过程引起的E损失。上文已讨论了燃烧过程的E损失,本文则侧重讨论传热过程的E损失问题。     

宝钢高炉热风炉平衡计算与分析

在热平衡计算的基础上,对宝钢一、四高炉热风炉进行了平衡分析。结果表明,宝钢一、四高炉热风炉效率远低于热效率,且一高炉热风炉全系统效率比四高炉热风炉低6.54%。两座高炉热风炉损失主要为燃烧过程不可逆损失、烟气带出的物理损失、热交换不可逆损失和化学不完全燃烧损失。宝钢热风炉节能的主要途径是:采用合理的空气过剩系数或富氧燃烧,降低烟气温度,提高冷风入炉温度,提高烟气余热回收装置利用水平。     

燃料燃烧过程的(火用)分析

对热设备进行(火用)平衡计算可以评价热设备热力学过程的完善程度。燃料燃烧过程是极强的不可逆过程,燃料燃烧过程的(火用)损在(火用)平衡计算中占有很重要的地位。本文主要介绍燃料燃烧前后的(火用)值及燃烧过程(火用)损的计算法,通过讨论燃烧模型,着重介绍绝热燃烧过程(火用)损计算法。根据本文提供的公式及计算方法,可以进行各种燃料燃烧过程的(火用)损计算。本文还介绍了I-S图解法计算燃烧过程(火用)损的方法,这种计算方法,对于种类及成份比较稳定的热设备是十分方便的。     

蓄热式热交换器的熵产数分析

分析了蓄热式交换器传热和流动过程的不可逆性,提出了熵产数的概念。研究了传热熵产数和流动熵产数随蓄热式热交换器的入口温度比、水当量比及传热单元数的变化规律,指明了降低不可逆损失的方向,提出了进行蓄热式热交换器设计的原则。     

蓄热式加热炉的热工特点分析

简述蓄热式加热炉的工作原理、技术特性及节能效果,通过对蓄热式加热炉的热平衡测试结果的分析,指出蓄热式燃烧系统的热工特性。     

换热器中的传热不可逆(火用)损

温差传热是不可逆过程,因而存在较大(火用)损,本文介绍了换热器作为一个系统与外界无热交换(即无热损失的理想状态)及有热损失的实际状态下的(火用)损计算方法;尔后,通过对换热器换热面积及(火用)损计算,提出最佳温差的看法。     

蓄热式燃烧技术在宝钢2 050 mm热轧厂2号炉的运用

介绍了蓄热式燃烧技术的特点,并讨论了该技术在宝钢2050mm热轧厂2号炉的应用。与传统燃烧技术相比,加热炉采用蓄热式燃烧技术具有节约能源、提高炉温均匀性和传热效率、低NOx排放和减少氧化烧损等优点。结合热轧厂的实际情况,对蓄热式烧嘴投运后的工艺技术参数进行了评估,投运实绩与改造目标进行了比较。通过改造烧嘴,提高了加热炉的节能效率与传热效率,减少了废气排放,同时获得了可观的经济效益。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.